英語(yǔ)-八-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí) The present perfect tense 一、構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.1.肯定句：肯定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +have/has+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（donedone)+)+其他其他 havehave：第一、二人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)：第一、二人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù) hashas：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)：第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) eg:She has had lunch.eg:She has had lunch.她已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了她已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了 2.2.否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has +have/has +not+not+ + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 +

2、 + 其他其他egeg：I havent read the book yet. I havent read the book yet. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：3.3.一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答：一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答：H Have/ave/H Hasas+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 + + 其他？其他？肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,Yes,主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has.+have/has.否定回答：否定回答：No,No,主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+havent/hasnt.+havent/hasnt.eg:Have you seen the film?eg:Have you seen the film?你

3、看過(guò)這部電影嗎？你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？Yes,I have. / No,I Yes,I have. / No,I havent.havent.是的，我看過(guò)。是的，我看過(guò)。/ /不，我沒(méi)看過(guò)。不，我沒(méi)看過(guò)。4.4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ +have/has+have/has+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+ +其他？其他？eg:What have you done this week?eg:What have you done this week? 二、用法：1.1.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響，常與或影響

4、，常與already,just,never,ever,yetalready,just,never,ever,yet等連用。等連用。eg:She has already done her homework.eg:She has already done her homework.她已經(jīng)做完她的家庭作業(yè)了。她已經(jīng)做完她的家庭作業(yè)了。I havent seen him yet.I havent seen him yet.我還沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她。我還沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她。2.2.表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，并且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，并且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，r r常與常與these days,so far,re

5、centlythese days,so far,recently等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也可和可和“for+for+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間”或或“since+since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。連用。eg:Tom has collected 120 stamps so far.eg:Tom has collected 120 stamps so far.到目前為止，湯姆已經(jīng)收集了到目前為止，湯姆已經(jīng)收集了120120張郵票。張郵票。I have lived here for ten years.I have lived here for ten years. 注意：注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞（如瞬間動(dòng)詞（

6、如come,go,leave,begin,start,arrive,join,die,buy,se-come,go,leave,begin,start,arrive,join,die,buy,se-llll等）在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的等）在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。當(dāng)這些詞與一點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用時(shí)，可進(jìn)行以下轉(zhuǎn)狀語(yǔ)連用。當(dāng)這些詞與一點(diǎn)時(shí)間連用時(shí)，可進(jìn)行以下轉(zhuǎn)化：化：come,gocome,gobe in,leavebe in,leavebe away,begin/startbe away,begin/startbe be on,arrive/joinon,ar

7、rive/joinbe in,diebe in,diebe be dead,buydead,buyhave,borrowhave,borrowkeepkeep。eg:John has eg:John has been away been away since last Friday.since last Friday.約翰自從上周五就離開(kāi)了。約翰自從上周五就離開(kāi)了。 3.have / has gone to 3.have / has gone to 與與have / has been tohave / has been to的區(qū)別的區(qū)別have gone tohave gone to表示某人表

8、示某人“已經(jīng)去某地了已經(jīng)去某地了”，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)此人，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在這里?？赡茉诼飞匣蛞训侥抢铮凑辉谶@里。 如：如：Where is JimWhere is Jim？ 吉姆在哪里？吉姆在哪里？ He has gone to England. He has gone to England. 他去英國(guó)了。（他去英國(guó)了。（尚未回來(lái)尚未回來(lái)） Mr. Wang isnt hereMr. Wang isnt hereHe has goneHe has gone3.have / has gone to 3.have / has gone to 與與have / has been t

9、ohave / has been to的區(qū)別的區(qū)別have been to 意為“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已不在那里了，后可接次數(shù)，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去過(guò)某地幾次”，也可和 just，never，ever等連用。如： My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父親去過(guò)北京兩次。 I have never been to the Great Wall. 我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。1. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：與過(guò)去時(shí)變化相同。(1) 一般+-ed work-worked-worked(2) 以“ e ”結(jié)尾, + - d 。 live-lived -l

10、ived(3) “輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾，y 變 i, + -ed。 cry-cried-cried(4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾(輔元輔)，雙寫(xiě)后+-ed 。 drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，見(jiàn)不規(guī)則表（p122）動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 變化規(guī)則變化規(guī)則 課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)

11、的用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 課堂探究自主回憶、討論現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法： 課堂探究現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過(guò)去的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)

12、現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響。一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與通常表示在過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在沒(méi)什么聯(lián)系。2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的某一具體動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)著重過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的某一具體動(dòng)作。I have bought a new computer. 我買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是我現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦) I bought a new computer yesterday. 我昨天買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我買(mǎi)新電腦的時(shí)間是昨天)I have s

13、een the film. 我看過(guò)這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容) I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了這部電影。(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影) 達(dá)標(biāo)小檢測(cè) 1 He _ our school for 2 weeks A、left B、has left C、have left D、has been away 2 Harry Potter is a very nice film . I_ it twice . . will see . have seen .saw .see 3 His father _ the Party in 2008

14、. joined . has joined . was in . has been inDBA 自主回憶、討論其構(gòu)成及句式特點(diǎn)： 否定式: 疑問(wèn)式: 簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ):構(gòu)成: 肯定式：主語(yǔ) +have/has + 過(guò)去分詞+ 其他。(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)用has。)主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他。Have /Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他?Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.(否定) 達(dá)標(biāo)小檢測(cè) 1 -We have finished it. -No,not_. . already ；already . ye

15、t; yet . already；yet . yet ; already 2 Have you_ been to the farm？ . already .never .ever . still 3 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? already .never .ever . still 達(dá)標(biāo)小檢測(cè) 1 He _Beijing.He has been in Beijing for two days. A. has been to B. went to C. has gone to D. has gone 2 How many times _you _t

16、he Great Wall? A have , been to B have ,gone to C did,go D do ,wentC A 3 Toms mother has_ twice.A、been to abroad B、went abroad C、gone to abroad D、been abroad 4 My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have beenDA 時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”須分清 過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)到某一點(diǎn)結(jié)束,也可能繼續(xù)延續(xù),這時(shí)就要

17、根據(jù)時(shí)間“點(diǎn)”、“段”選擇相應(yīng)的介詞for或since。 for +一段時(shí)間 for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince 過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻, since nine since last week 一般一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 since you came since you got home.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week.對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)都用對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)都用How long 達(dá)標(biāo)小檢測(cè)達(dá)標(biāo)小檢測(cè)(for或或since

18、) 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._4 oclock 7. Ive known him _ we were children.forsincesincesincesincesincesince 8 Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 9. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 10 Its about ten years _ she left the city.sin

19、ceforfor “終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性?xún)煞N,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中一定要注意動(dòng)詞這一特性,應(yīng)將這類(lèi)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 關(guān)于瞬間動(dòng)詞的記憶口訣 現(xiàn)在完成在瞬間；非延只連時(shí)間點(diǎn)；終止需轉(zhuǎn)換；否定方可碰一段。 注：1.瞬間動(dòng)詞又叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，還叫終止性動(dòng)詞。瞬間動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)， 但不可以接一段時(shí)間，若要接一段時(shí)間，須要做一些相應(yīng)的變換。 2.瞬間動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時(shí)間。 通常將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如 reach/come/arrivebe here/be in, begin/startbe on, diebe

20、dead, open/closebe open/closed , fall illbe ill, catch a coldhave a cold, buyhave, come backbe back, go outbe out, borrowkeep, get upbe up, lose the jobbe out of the job, fall asleepbe asleep, stopbe over, leave/movebe away/be out of, joinbe in/be a member等 如: (誤) Li Ming has bought the book for three days. (正) Li Ming has had the book for three days. (誤) My father had joined the Party ten years ago.