生物質(zhì)在煉鐵中的應(yīng)用

1、生物質(zhì)在煉鐵中的應(yīng)用陳群清華大學(xué)熱能工程系2011年11月主要內(nèi)容 生物質(zhì)資源 生物質(zhì)資源及分布 生物質(zhì)原料特性 生物質(zhì)在燒結(jié)礦中的應(yīng)用生物質(zhì)資源種類 木質(zhì)纖維素類生物質(zhì) 林業(yè)剩余物 作物秸稈及農(nóng)業(yè)剩余物 城市生活固廢及工業(yè)固廢 無定形糖類 淀粉 葡萄糖等 甘油三酯類 植物油 動物油、地溝油等我國生物質(zhì)資源總量 秸稈及農(nóng)業(yè)剩余物 總量：783 Mt (389 Mtce, 2009) 用途 飼料：24% 肥料：15% 造紙：3.4% 薪柴及其它：57.6% 林業(yè)資源及剩余物 采伐剩余物：15.59Mm3, 收集系數(shù)：0.3 加工剩余物：36.6Mm3, 收集系數(shù)：0.3 可利用的林業(yè)資源: 44

2、.36 Mt (25.33Mtce) 城市生活固體廢棄物 總量：150Mt 生物質(zhì)含量：50-70%Source: Hu, R. ERI, NDRC, 2007木質(zhì)纖維素類生物質(zhì)生物質(zhì)的燃料特性 煙煤 白橡木松木皮垃圾衍生燃料工業(yè)分析(%，干燥基)固定炭55.817.233.99.8揮發(fā)份33.981.354.767.6灰分10.31.50.418.9元素分析 (%，干燥無灰基 )C84.2 50.256.5 61.2H5.6 5.55.6 8.2O5.5 43.837.9 26.6N1.3 0.40.0 1.3S3.5 0.00.0 0.2高位發(fā)熱量 (MJ/kg) 31.7519.4221

3、.7822.30生物質(zhì)含硫量和灰分低，燃燒生成的SO2及燃料型NOx排放低揮發(fā)份含量高，易著火生物質(zhì)燃燒產(chǎn)生的CO2可在植物光合作用時吸收，適當(dāng)利用條件下構(gòu)成封閉的CO2循環(huán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)CO2零排放生物質(zhì)的無機(jī)礦物組分生物質(zhì)燃料不足之處 與煤相比，能量密度低、體積大 不同生物質(zhì)資源間燃料特性不盡相同 水分含量、熱量變化較大 灰分中含氯及堿金屬（主要是鉀元素）比例較高 生物質(zhì)燃料含纖維物質(zhì)較多，可磨性差 生物質(zhì)資源種類多，分布范圍廣，有一定的運(yùn)輸成本生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（1） Corus的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 粉焦在燒結(jié)礦中的比例：4% 生物質(zhì)燃料取代粉焦生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（1） Corus的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 粉焦在燒結(jié)礦中的

4、比例：4% 生物質(zhì)燃料取代粉焦生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（1） Corus的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（1） Corus的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 The peak temperature achieved in the bed is lower than with coke breeze alone thus substituting on a carbon basis will not be sufficient to achieve acceptable sintering level (1300 C); There is a tendency in the biomass experiments for the

5、temperature rise to occur earlier than with coke breeze and for the thermal profiles to be wider than with coke breeze alone; The sintering time appears to be a little shorter when the mix contains biomass compared with the coke breeze tests; The combustion efficiency is not influenced to a great ex

6、tent by the presence of the biomass compared with the coke breeze tests; The thermal profile for the crushed pellets in the size range 0.60.85mm most closely matched that of the coke breeze only test; A specification of less than 1 mm is recommended for the studied biomass materials when co-firing w

7、ith coke breezefor sinter making.生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（2） 澳大利亞CSIRO & Tata（英國） 粉焦在燒結(jié)礦中的比例：4% 木炭取代粉焦比例：0， 20，50，100%生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（2） 澳大利亞CSIRO & Tata（英國）生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（2） 澳大利亞CSIRO & Tata（英國） Fuel blends where 20% of the coke breeze input energy was replaced by charcoal may improved both the sinter yield and pro

8、ductivity. an increase in sintering productivity of up to 8% could possibly be achieved under typical sintering conditions. The lower sintering performance observed with higher rates of coke breeze energy substitution with charcoal (i.e. 50% and 100% charcoal) was mainly attributed to the lower fixe

9、d carbon content and higher volatile matter content of the fuel mix.生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（3） 澳大利亞CSIRO小型燒結(jié)杯實(shí)驗(yàn) 粉焦在燒結(jié)礦中的比例：4% 木炭取代粉焦比例：0， 20，50，100%粉礦混合比例生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（3） 澳大利亞CSIRO小型燒結(jié)杯實(shí)驗(yàn)生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（3） 澳大利亞CSIRO小型燒結(jié)杯實(shí)驗(yàn)生物質(zhì)用于燒結(jié)礦（3） 澳大利亞CSIRO小型燒結(jié)杯實(shí)驗(yàn) Test results support previous findings that substitution of coke breeze with

10、 char products can improve sinter time and productivity and that replacement of coke with char in sintering offers industrial advantages as well as environmental benefits There are no apparent technical barriers to the replacement of coke with wood char in sintering. However, char availability is pr

11、esently a significant constraint for Australian sinter plants LCA studies of integrated steel mill estimate that a 5 Mt integrated steel mill in Australia would require 3 million tonnes per annum (tpa) of sinter and that the production of this sinter would consume 160 000 t of coke. Assuming that 50% more char may be required to replace the coke, we can estimate the total char requirements are 240 000 tpa and that the land area required to prod