高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 專題突破解題策略1 閱讀理解之主旨大意題 新人教版必修1-新人教版高三必修1英語試題

1、路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索吾將上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英語英語人教版人教版 高考總復(fù)習(xí)高考總復(fù)習(xí)專題突破解題策略專題突破解題策略( (一一) )必修一必修一第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦主旨大意題在閱讀理解試題中所占比例及難度都相當(dāng)大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通過各種信息來闡明的中心話題。把握主旨大意對正確理解全文具有重要意義。主旨大意題旨在考查考生對文章大意的理解和概括能力。考題中往往出現(xiàn)下列詞語：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。閱讀理解之主旨大意題1.采用瀏覽法抓住主題

2、句。主題句通常在文章開頭或結(jié)尾，而段落主題句有可能在一段的開頭或結(jié)尾。主題句常出現(xiàn)在“總結(jié)性”語言的“信號(hào)詞或短語”后，如：in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主題句常出現(xiàn)在“轉(zhuǎn)移話題式”語言的“信號(hào)詞”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。標(biāo)題的語言特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)特新穎、概括性強(qiáng)、短小精悍。典例1(2015安徽高考B)When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that t

3、here was strength in unity (團(tuán)結(jié)). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unit

4、y stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants

5、in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of

6、 the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. N

7、ow they are a big success.63Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Run a CorporationBStrength Comes from PeaceCHow to Achieve a Big DreamDFamily Unity Builds Success解析D根據(jù)第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (團(tuán)結(jié))”和第三段“to succeed we must have un

8、ity”與“and they worked together. Now they are a big success.”可知，文章主要講的是家庭團(tuán)結(jié)對取得成功的重要性。文章沒有講怎樣經(jīng)營一家大型公司，也沒有提到怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)偉大夢想。典例2(2014浙江高考A)Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)There are lessons in that timehonored coinsavings container.Originally you had to

9、 break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of moneycollege education，weddings，cars，medical care，star

10、ting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely.45The last paragraph talks about _.Athe seriousness of educating childrenBthe enjoyment of taking a great tripCthe importance of managing moneyDthe difficulty

11、of starting a business解析C文章由piggy bank文化談起，介紹它名稱的由來及發(fā)展，最后告誡人們要及早明智地儲(chǔ)備好自己的錢以備后用。由文章最后一段的敘述可知人一生中需要錢的時(shí)候很多，所以最后一句話告誡人們當(dāng)有錢時(shí)要儲(chǔ)存、明智地投資。so為總結(jié)性詞匯，故可知答案選C項(xiàng)。2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。尋找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在尋找段落中心的基礎(chǔ)上的。各段落中心的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。典例3(2015 江蘇高考C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its

12、 very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several fa

13、ctors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select v

14、olunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift peoples wish of

15、 participation from an internal factor (e.g., “I volunteer because its important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because Im required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volu

16、nteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time?64What is the best title of the passage?AHow to Get People to VolunteerBHow to Study Volunteer BehaviorsCHow to Keep Volunteers InterestDHow to Organize Volunteer Activities解析A本文是一篇議論文。文章分析

17、講述志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)。文章首段提出假設(shè)：假如你是一名組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，很想得到志愿者的幫助。并指出在此之前，必須弄清志愿者為什么自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，并通過3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意圖。因此A項(xiàng)(如何使人們從事志愿者服務(wù))是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。3抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章大意。沒有主題句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表現(xiàn)活躍的高頻詞匯來確定主題，最后進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。典例4(2014福建高考D)Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if your

18、e unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes.Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life. Most people are already swamped(淹沒) with things. They

19、eat, wear, go and talk too much. They live in too big a house with too many rooms, yet their house of life is a hut.Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅), a royal palace. Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room. Here are several rooms your house of life should have.Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of l