201x年秋高中英語 Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications（第三課時(shí)） 外研版必修

1、必修1Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications課程解讀課程解讀話題The Internet and Telecommunications(因特網(wǎng)與電信）連線高考2010陜西，閱讀理解D2010安徽，閱讀理解A功能Talking about percentage and numbers(談?wù)摪俜謹(jǐn)?shù)及數(shù)量）語法1. Compound words(合成詞）2. Definite and zero articles(定冠詞與零冠詞）課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展1.average adj.平均的2.contain vt.包含，包括container n.

2、容器3.access n.接近，通路accessible adj.易接近的4.create vt.創(chuàng)造，發(fā)明creation n.創(chuàng)造力creative adj.有創(chuàng)造性的5.concentrate vi.集中（注意力、思想等）concentration n.注意力6.definite adj.明確的definition n.釋義define v.闡明，解釋7.frequently adv.時(shí)常；經(jīng)常frequent adj.經(jīng)常的，頻繁的frequency n.頻繁8.defence n.防護(hù)defend vt.防衛(wèi)9.percentage n.百分?jǐn)?shù)percent n.百分之10.desi

3、gn v.設(shè)計(jì)designer n.設(shè)計(jì)者11.invention n.發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造invent vt.發(fā)明12.independent adj.獨(dú)立的independence n.獨(dú)立13.disadvantage n.劣勢(shì)，缺點(diǎn)advantage (反義詞)優(yōu)勢(shì)，長處14.shorten vt.縮短short adj.短的，缺乏的課程解讀課程解讀重點(diǎn)短語1.consist of由組成2.go down 降低；下降e up with提出4.concentrate on聚精會(huì)神，集中思想5.as well也6.log on/off注冊(cè)/注銷7.hesitate to do sth.不愿做某事8.

4、a series of一系列，一套9.become known as作為而出名10.from that moment on 從那時(shí)起pared with/to 與相比較重點(diǎn)句型BernersLee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet,not just universities and the army.貝爾納斯李使每個(gè)人都能使用因特網(wǎng)變成可能，而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)使用。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)一 單詞1. contain vt. 包含，包括；含有；抑制，遏制（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）同類辨析contain與include(1)contain通

5、常用來指某種容器中盛有某物，裝有某物，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某種成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。指作為組成部分而被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。(2)include通常表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)。include也是及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)注意其非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的用法。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Orange juice contains things which help keep you healthy.橘子汁里含有益于健康的東西。Chinese scientists have called for strengthened measures to contain A/H1N1 virus especially in th

6、e countrys remote areas.中國科學(xué)家呼吁加強(qiáng)措施以控制甲型H1N1病毒，特別是在國家的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。More than one thousand students have been admitted to this school，including my brother/my brother included.一千多名學(xué)生被這所學(xué)校錄取，也包括我弟弟在內(nèi)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】I think that vegetables are good food because they _ lots of vitamins.A.are containedB.are co

7、ntaining【解析解析】句意為：我認(rèn)為蔬菜是很好的食品，因?yàn)樗鼈兒写罅康木S生素。contain指“含有某種成分或含有其他物質(zhì)”。contain不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故答案為D?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. access n. 接近；通路接近；通路v.到達(dá)；進(jìn)入；使用；存到達(dá)；進(jìn)入；使用；存/取數(shù)取數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)歸納拓展（1）access to.接近的機(jī)會(huì)；進(jìn)入的權(quán)利have/gain/get/obtain access to得以接近，得以會(huì)見，得以進(jìn)入，得以使用give access to接見，準(zhǔn)許出入注意：access其后面多與介詞to連用，其前面多與介詞of連用。（2）acc

8、essible adj.可進(jìn)入的；可接近的；可使用的be accessible to易接近的；能進(jìn)入的；易受影響的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到農(nóng)舍去只有穿過田地。You need a password to get access to the computer system.使用這個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)需要口令。These documents are not accessible to the public.公眾無法看到這些文件。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The people living

9、 in these apartments have free _ to that swimming pool.【解析解析】句意為：住在這些公寓的人們可以免費(fèi)使用那個(gè)游泳池。access“接近，進(jìn)入的（權(quán)利，道路）”。entrance“入口”；recreation意為“消遣，娛樂”；excess“泛濫，過量”，均不符合題意?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. design vt.&vi.設(shè)計(jì)，擬定，籌劃，意圖設(shè)計(jì)，擬定，籌劃，意圖n.圖樣，圖圖樣，圖案，設(shè)計(jì)（圖）案，設(shè)計(jì)（圖）歸納拓展（1）design sth. for為設(shè)計(jì)，指定某物作某種用途be designed for/to do

10、 sth.專為而做（設(shè)置）be designed as.作為而設(shè)計(jì)（2）by design 故意地the latest design 最新樣式知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The course is designed as an introduction to the subject.這門課程是作為該科目的入門課而開設(shè)的。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是試驗(yàn)新藥。The machine is of very poor design.這部機(jī)器設(shè)計(jì)得很差。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Whether this happene

11、d _ or not we shall never know.A.in designB.on designC.by designD.with design【解析解析】by design “故意地，有意地”，符合題意?！敬鸢复鸢浮緾知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4. concentrate v.集中（注意力）于集中（注意力）于；全神貫注；集；全神貫注；集中，濃縮中，濃縮n.經(jīng)濃縮而制成的物質(zhì)或溶液濃縮物；濃縮液經(jīng)濃縮而制成的物質(zhì)或溶液濃縮物；濃縮液歸納拓展concentrate sth.（on/upon sth.）集中于concentrate on/upon+n.專注于concentrate ones att

12、ention on 致力于；把注意力集中在例句：I decided to concentrate my efforts on finding a good job.我決定盡最大努力找一份好工作。This year the company has concentrated on improving its efficiency.這家公司今年已經(jīng)集中力量提高效率。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Hearing the boring news，I was too distracted to _ my attention on my homework【解析解析】句意為：聽到這個(gè)令人討厭的消息，我無

13、法集中精力做我的家庭作業(yè)。attract ones attention/ draw ones attention“吸引某人的注意力”；pay attention后應(yīng)加介詞to，意為“注意，關(guān)注”；concentrate ones attention on“集中注意力在上”。故正確答案為D?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5. average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的n.平均平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)v.平均為；計(jì)算出平均為；計(jì)算出的平均數(shù)的平均數(shù)歸納拓展（1）an average of 的平均數(shù)above/below (the)

14、average 高于/低于平均水平on average 平均地；通常；按平均值 with an average of 平均為（2）average out （at sth.） 平均數(shù)為；最終達(dá)到平衡average sth.out 算出的平均數(shù)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：The employees average income in this company is about $1,500 a month.這家公司的員工平均收入大約是每月1 500美元。Her school work is above (the) average.她的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)?cè)谄骄疁?zhǔn)以上。This car runs 15 kilome

15、ters per liter on average.這輛車平均每升油跑15公里。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Im only a(n) _ driver,so I cant do more than drive the bus back.【解析解析】句意為：我只是一名普通的司機(jī)，所以我能做的只不過是把車開回去。average可表示“普通的”。B項(xiàng)意為“常見的；共同的”；C項(xiàng)意為“大體的，總體的”；D項(xiàng)意為“通常的，平常的”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)As a result of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5 hours，so t

16、he _ speed was 56ph.【解析解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處average speed意為“平均速度”。basic“基本的”；whole“整個(gè)的”；total“總計(jì)的”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)二要點(diǎn)二 短語短語1. consist of由由組成組成歸納拓展（1）該短語通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，相當(dāng)于be made up of和be composed of。（2）consist with和一致；符合consist in sth.要點(diǎn)（特征）在于；以為主例句：This club consists of more than 200 members.這個(gè)俱樂部由200多名會(huì)

17、員組成。The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.這個(gè)計(jì)劃妙在簡(jiǎn)明扼要。Theory should consist with practice.理論應(yīng)與實(shí)踐相一致。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The colorful design _sixty candles and a flag will appear on the people square on October 1.A.consists ofB.consisting ofC.to consist ofD.consisted of【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語consist of的用法,意為

18、“組成”，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，排除C、D項(xiàng)；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知此處應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。故正確答案為B。句意為：這個(gè)包含有60支蠟燭和一面國旗的圖案將在10月1日出現(xiàn)在人民廣場(chǎng)上?！敬鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2. come up with趕上；拿出，提出（不能用于被動(dòng)語趕上；拿出，提出（不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)）態(tài)）歸納拓展come up 被提到，被考慮（問題、困難）突然出現(xiàn)；開始影響靠近，走近（植物從地里）長出；發(fā)芽（指太陽）升起come along到達(dá)，出現(xiàn)；跟隨，跟著來come across遇見；（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)come to被想出；合計(jì)，共計(jì)when it comes to.涉及；談到知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知

19、識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：Is that the best excuse you can come up with?那就是你能想出的最好借口嗎？I cant attend the party tonight. Something has come up.我不能參加今晚的聚會(huì)了，因?yàn)橛幸馔馇闆r發(fā)生。The bill came to $30.賬款共計(jì)30美元。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Facing the fast growth of the population,scientists will have to _ new methods of increasing the worlds food s

20、upply.A.come up toB.come toC.come uponD.come up with【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：面對(duì)快速增長的人口，科學(xué)家要想出增加世界糧食供應(yīng)的辦法。come up with“提出，想出”，符合題意?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)When it _ air pollution,Beijing faces the three “C”scars, coal and construction, which lead to Beijings thick air pollution.A.refers toB.comes toC.happens toD.sp

21、eaks to【解析解析】句意為：談到空氣污染，北京面臨著三個(gè)C即汽車煤和建筑。這些導(dǎo)致的北京的空氣的嚴(yán)重污染。When it comes to.意為“涉及，談到”，符合題意?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3. compared with和和相比；匹敵，可與相比；匹敵，可與相比相比歸納拓展（1）compare.with/to.把和比較compare.to.把比作compared to/with.與比較起來（作狀語）（2）beyond compare無與倫比，無可比擬（3）comparison n.比較；對(duì)照in comparison with和相比較知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)例句：I compared

22、the translation with/to the original.我把譯文拿來和原文對(duì)照一番。We often compare children to flowers of our country.我們常常把孩子比作祖國的花朵。Compared with the previous year,the urban air quality remains unchanged.與上一年相比，城市空氣質(zhì)量基本持平。Living in the country is cheap in comparison with the big cities.與大都市相比，在鄉(xiāng)下生活較便宜。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接

23、訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】 _ with the other students, the girl has better listening and speaking ability.C.To compare【解析解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞短語compared to/with“與相比”?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)三 句型Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army.貝爾納斯李使每個(gè)人都能使用因特網(wǎng)變成可能，而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)使用。make+sb./sth

24、.+adj.意為“使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)”。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)歸納拓展（1）make+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語，這是一個(gè)常用句式，其中作賓語補(bǔ)足語的可以是動(dòng)詞原形、形容詞、名詞或過去分詞。（2）如果make后的賓語是不定式或that從句，賓語補(bǔ)足語是形容詞或名詞，這時(shí)往往把形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上，把真正的賓語放在后面，find,feel,think等動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用，該句型為：make/find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+(for sb.) to do sth./that-clause知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（3）make+sb./sth.+省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，意為“使某人/某物做某

25、事”。當(dāng)把此類型的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，原句中省略的動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to必須要還原。例句：She made her child wash his hands before eating.她要孩子在吃東西前洗手。I had to speak loud to make myself heard.為了讓別人聽見我不得不大聲講話。I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day.我固定每天散步兩千米。We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.我們認(rèn)為把孩子單獨(dú)留在家里是不對(duì)

26、的。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】Music is a universal language, _ makes _ possible for Jay Chou to be popular in America.A.what;whatB.which;itC.what;itD.which;that【解析解析】空一考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的用法，代指前面整個(gè)主句；空二考查形式賓語it的用法，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier fo

27、r it _.D.to be reused【解析解析】考查“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：現(xiàn)如今，人們有時(shí)把垃圾分類使得再利用更容易些。句中第一個(gè)it是形式賓語，for it是真正的賓語。第二個(gè)it指waste,和reuse之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng)A和C；B項(xiàng)表示被動(dòng)或完成，也不符合語境，故選D?！敬鸢复鸢浮緿知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)四要點(diǎn)四 語法語法1.合成詞合成詞合成詞：把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成，這種詞叫合成詞（compound words）,也稱復(fù)合詞。（1）合成名詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞+名詞：arm chair扶手椅headache頭痛形容詞+名詞：hig

28、hway高速公路動(dòng)詞+名詞：playground操場(chǎng)副詞+名詞：outbreak爆發(fā)副詞+動(dòng)詞：income收入動(dòng)詞+副詞：drawback后退名詞+動(dòng)名詞：day-dreaming白日夢(mèng)其他：son-in-law女婿go-between中間人知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(2)合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化一般有三種情況：將最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。gentlemangentlemen紳士breakfastbreakfasts早餐good-for-nothinggood-for-nothings廢物將主要成分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式looker-onlookers-on旁觀者passer-bypassers-by過路人com

29、rade-in-armscomrades-in-arms戰(zhàn)友將兩個(gè)組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，這種合成名詞的第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman。man-doctormen-doctors男醫(yī)生woman-cookwomen-cooks女廚師man-writermen-writers男作家知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（3）合成動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞+動(dòng)詞：water-cool用水冷卻sleep-walk夢(mèng)游形容詞+動(dòng)詞：quick-charge快速充電whitewash粉刷blacklist列入黑名單副詞+動(dòng)詞：overthrow推翻undergo經(jīng)歷知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（4）合成形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方式：名詞+形容

30、詞：world-famous世界聞名的color-blind色盲的duty-free免稅的名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing：peace-loving愛好和平的epoch-making劃時(shí)代的名詞+過去分詞：heart-broken心碎的state-owned國有的heart-felt由衷的動(dòng)詞+副詞：takeaway外賣的，帶走的形容詞+名詞：long-distance遠(yuǎn)方的large-scale大規(guī)模的high-class高級(jí)的形容詞+形容詞:dark-lue深藍(lán)light-green淡綠知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)形容詞+過去分詞：new-born新生的noble-minded高尚的形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：good-lo

31、oking好看的easy-going好說話的副詞+動(dòng)詞-ing:hard-working勤奮的far-reaching深遠(yuǎn)的副詞+過去分詞：well-known著名的wide-spread廣泛蔓延的數(shù)詞+名詞：first-class一級(jí)棒的second-hand二手貨的數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞：ten-year-old十歲的three-metre-long三米長的數(shù)詞+名詞+-ed:three-cornered 三角的one-eyed獨(dú)眼的介詞+名詞：indoor室內(nèi)的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)【鏈接訓(xùn)練鏈接訓(xùn)練】The police talked to the _ about the accident.【解

32、析解析】考查合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化。stander-by變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，將主要成分stander變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式即可?！敬鸢复鸢浮緽知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)This kind of _ is popular _ small children.A.picture-books;withB.picture-book;withC.picture-ooks;toD.the picture-book;for【解析解析】book為此合成詞的主體部分，故復(fù)數(shù)用picture-books;be popular with“受歡迎，流行”，是固定短語?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)A new amusement park in our

33、city has opened with _ computer techniques.【解析解析】考查合成詞詞義辨析。句意為：一個(gè)擁有最新電腦技術(shù)的娛樂公園在我們城市開業(yè)了。up-to-date“現(xiàn)代的，最新的”；man-made“人造的”；near-sighted“近視的”；peace-loving“熱愛和平的”。只有A項(xiàng)符合句意?！敬鸢复鸢浮緼知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2.冠詞冠詞冠詞包括定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an。a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞，an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞（不是元音字母）；a/an和the本身不能獨(dú)立作句子成分，只能與名詞連用，主要用來說明限定的名詞處于泛指還是特指狀態(tài)。(1)不

34、定冠詞的用法泛指人或事物的類別，相當(dāng)于any。例句：A bike is very useful in the countryside.自行車在鄉(xiāng)間作用很大。泛指某人某物。例句：There is a book on the table.桌子上有一本書。表示one或every的意義。例句：I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.我有一張嘴、一個(gè)鼻子和兩只眼睛。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(2)定冠詞的用法表示特定或上文已經(jīng)提到過的人或物。例句：The woman you told me about yesterday seems to be here now.你昨天和我談起的那個(gè)

35、女人好像現(xiàn)在就在這里。表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西。例句：The earth is much smaller than the sun.地球比太陽小得多。用于最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或特指兩個(gè)中的一個(gè)的形容詞前。例句：The taller of the two girls is my daughter.兩個(gè)女孩中較高的那個(gè)是我的女兒。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)用于普通名詞前作專有名詞使用，或用在江、河、湖、海、山川等名詞前面。例如：The Peoples Republic of China中華人民共和國用于樂器前面。例句：Peter is playing the violin.彼得在拉小提琴。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前面表示一

36、家人。例句：The Browns are cleaning their new house.布朗一家在打掃他們的新房。用于形容詞前，表示一類人。例句：They buried the dead and took the wounded to the hospital at once.他們掩埋了死者的尸體，把受傷的人立刻送進(jìn)了醫(yī)院。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)用于一些固定詞組中，表示“方位、時(shí)間”等。例如：in the east/west/north/south of在東/西/北/南部on the left/right在左/右邊in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上

37、表示“某個(gè)年代”。例如：in the 1860s/in the 1860s在19世紀(jì)60年代表示一個(gè)國家或民族的全體人員。例如：the Chinese中國人民the Welsh威爾士人知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(3)不使用冠詞的情況人名、地名等專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞及抽象名詞前。例句：Egypt is a big country with a long history.埃及是一個(gè)有悠久歷史的大國。Well have fish and rice for lunch.中午我們吃米飯和魚。注意：表示“一種；一類；一個(gè)”或是被限定時(shí)，可以加冠詞。例句：A Mr Wang wants to see you.有一位王先

38、生想見您。表示“季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐”的名詞前（有修飾語除外）。例句：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。學(xué)科、球類名詞前。如play basketball打籃球。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)在與by連用的短語中，一般不使用冠詞，因?yàn)楸硎痉绞交蚍椒ǘ蔷唧w的工具。by car/bus/bike/plane/air/sea/land可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示泛指或類別時(shí)。例句：Horses are useful animals.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。動(dòng)作turn作系動(dòng)詞使用，表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。例句：Nothing could make me turn traitor to my country.什么也不能使我背叛我的祖國。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)（4）冠詞位置不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：a.位于下列形容詞之后：such,many,half。例句：I have never seen such an animal.我沒見過這種動(dòng)物。Many a man is fit for the job.很多人勝任這份工作。b.當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。例句：It is as pleasant a day as