高一英語必修一第一單元語法

1、人教課標人教課標高一高一 必修必修 1Unit 1 She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish. My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. My only true friend is Kittymy diary. She said that her only t

2、rue friend was Kittyher diary. After hiding here for a long time, Ive become crazy about nature. She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.Anne said: “My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.” (Direct speech)She said that she and her family were hiding

3、 in Amsterdam. (Indirect speech)引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式: 一是原封一是原封不動地引用原話不動地引用原話, 把它放在引號內(nèi)把它放在引號內(nèi), 這叫直接這叫直接引語引語(Direct speech); 一是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)一是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述述, 這叫間接引語這叫間接引語(Indirect speech).1. 直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 從句由從句由that引導引導, 可省略可省略; 主句動詞為一般將主句動詞為一般將來時或現(xiàn)在時來時或現(xiàn)在時, 從句動詞時態(tài)不變。從句動詞時態(tài)不變。1. She often

4、 says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”1. She often says (that) all men and women are equal under the law.2. “I like reading stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading stories.3. “I dont like cars,” Sarah said to him. Sarah told him that she didnt like cars.2. 直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱要直

5、接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱要進行相應變化；且主句動詞為一般過進行相應變化；且主句動詞為一般過去時時，去時時，從句動詞時態(tài)應為過去時的從句動詞時態(tài)應為過去時的相應時態(tài)。相應時態(tài)。 直接引語里的第一人稱和第二人稱，變間直接引語里的第一人稱和第二人稱，變間 接引語時，人稱要做相應調(diào)整。接引語時，人稱要做相應調(diào)整。1. She said: “I am hungry.” She said she was hungry.2. Mum said to me:“ You can do it yourself.” Mum told me that I could do it myself. 3. Mr. Sm

6、ith said, “He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker. 1.1.人稱的變化人稱的變化1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ looked worried that day. 2. We said to her, “Theyre cleaning the room.” We told her that _ were cleaning the room. 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walk

7、ed a long way.” Mr. Black said that _ had walked a long way. I theyhe2.2.時態(tài)變化時態(tài)變化 直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。要與主句的時態(tài)一致。 He says: “I treat you as my son.” He says that he treats me as his son.1. 主句為一般現(xiàn)在時主句為一般現(xiàn)在時, 現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將現(xiàn)在完成時或一般將來時的時候來時的時候, 間接引語時態(tài)不變。間接引語時態(tài)不變。直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間

8、接引語(變化后變化后)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時“I know it,” he said.一般過去時一般過去時He said he knew it. 2. 當主句為過去時當主句為過去時, 從句要跟著相應的變化。從句要跟著相應的變化。 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.過去進行時過去進行時She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時“I have seen her before,” said he. 過去完成時

9、過去完成時He said he had seen her before. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”過去完成進行時過去完成進行時He said he had been doing it for hours. 直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)一般過去時一般過去時“I saw her last Monday,” he said.過去完成時過去完成時He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 過去進行時過去進行時“I was waitin

10、g for Jim,” she said. 過去完成進行時過去完成進行時She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引語直接引語(變化前變化前)間接引語間接引語(變化后變化后)一般將來時一般將來時He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”過去將來時過去將來時He said they would start the next day.過去完成時過去完成時“Rick had been ill for many days till he died.” Jack said.過去完成時過去完成時Jack said Rick had been

11、 ill for many days till he died. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時一般一般過去過去時時過去過去完成時完成時過去過去進行時進行時過去過去將來時將來時過去過去完成時完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去進行時過去進行時不變不變1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it _ really cold.was2. “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.Tom said that he

12、 _ want to go there with Alice.didnt3. The boy said: “I will be a pilot.” The boy said that he _ a pilot.”would be4. Tom said, “We are listening to music.” Tom said that they _ music. were listening to5. Mike said, “I have finished my homework.” Mike said _ his homework.he had finished 直接引語直接引語 間接引語

13、間接引語時時 間間 狀狀 語語 now today this week yesterdaylast weekfour days agotomorrow next monththe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythen that day that weekthe day beforethe week beforefour days beforethe next daythe next monthin two days timetwo days before3.3.其他變化其他變化 直接引語直接引語 間接引語間接引語指示代詞指示代詞 地點狀語

14、地點狀語 方向性動詞方向性動詞 this that these those here there come go bring take They asked, “Is it easy to solve the problem?”They asked if / whether it is easy to solve the problem wasThey asked if it was easy to solve the problem.He asked,“ When do you harvest the wheat? ”He askedwhenyou harvest the wheat.we

15、harvestedThey asked when we harvested the wheat.疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 除了除了要把疑問語序改為要把疑問語序改為陳述語序陳述語序, 由由whether/if 或特殊疑問詞引或特殊疑問詞引導外導外, 人稱、時態(tài)和狀語人稱、時態(tài)和狀語等也等也要作相應地變化要作相應地變化。1. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. “Ive got tired

16、of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,” Anne said to her father. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said.4. “Why did you choose your

17、diary and old letters?” her father asked her. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. Her father asked her why had chosen her diary and old letters.5. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.6. Margot asked her what else she had

18、hidden under her overcoat. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.7. Anne asked her father when they would go back home.8. Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy. “When shall we go back

19、 home?” Anne asked her father. “Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne. 由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語，下列情由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語，下列情況時態(tài)不變況時態(tài)不變: The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. The teacher said: “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” 1. 不變的真理不變的真理2. 經(jīng)常的習慣：經(jīng)常

20、的習慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間直接引語為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用：狀語連用： The teacher said, “I was born in 1945.” The teacher said she was born in 1945.4. 部分情態(tài)動詞部分情態(tài)動詞, ,如如 must, ought to, used to, had better 等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.如果在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述如果在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述, here不必改為不必改為there, 動詞動詞 come