高中英語必修五Unit2課文詳解

1、必修五 Un it 2 I . VocabularyPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之謎unite vi. &vt.聯(lián)合；團(tuán)結(jié) the United Kingdom 聯(lián)合王國英 consist vi.組成；一致consist of由組成 divide into 把 分成 puzzle n.難題；迷 vt.使迷惑 debate vi. & n.爭論；辯論 clarify vt.澄清；說明 break away from掙脫束縛；脫離 the Union Jack英國國旗 relation n.關(guān)系；聯(lián)系 educational adj.教育的 legal adj.法律的；合法的 co

2、nvenience n.便利；方便 roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地 Midlands 英格蘭中部地區(qū) Industrial adj.工業(yè)的；產(chǎn)業(yè)的historical adj.歷史上的；有關(guān)歷史的 attraction n.吸引；吸引力；吸引人的 事物collectionn.收藏品；珍藏；收集construct vt.建造； 構(gòu)造；創(chuàng)立 influence vt.影響；改變 n. Viking n.北歐海盜leave out省去；遺漏；不考慮 project n.科研學(xué)習(xí)工程；課題；方案; 工程take the place of 代替break down 機(jī)器損壞；破壞 arrange

3、 vt.籌備；安排；整理 wedding n.婚禮fold vt.折疊；對折 sightseeing n.觀光；游覽 available adj.可利用的；有用的delight n.快樂；快樂；喜悅 royal adj.王室的；皇家的 occasion n.場合； 時(shí)刻； 時(shí)機(jī) uniform n.制服 splendid adj.壯麗的；輝煌的；極好的 statue n.塑像；雕像 longitude n.經(jīng)線；經(jīng)度 navigation n.導(dǎo)航；航行 communism n.共產(chǎn)主義 originaladj.最初的；原始的；thrillvt.使沖動；使膽戰(zhàn)心驚unfair adj.不公平的

4、；違反規(guī)劃的 smart adj.漂亮的；時(shí)髦的；聰明的 tense n.時(shí)態(tài) consistent adj. 一致的 error n.錯誤；過失；謬誤 pot n.罐；壺II. Readi ngPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY地理之謎People may won der why differe nt words are used to describe these four coun tries: England, Wales, Scotia nd and Norther n Irela nd.人們也許會奇怪： 為 什么用不同的詞匯來描述這四個國家：英國、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭。【

5、注釋：wonder v.tr.及物動詞To feel curiosity or be in doubt about :感到好奇或疑心： eg. He wondered why people built ugly homes, when they could have beautiful ones. 他 很奇怪為什么人們本可以造出漂亮的房屋，而偏偏建造出丑陋的房子來。n. Itsa wonder難得；奇怪的是 eg. Its a wonder you recognized me.難得你還認(rèn)得我。 2lts no wonder 難怪；并不奇怪；當(dāng)然 eg. No wonder he is not

6、hungry; he hasbeen eating sweets all day難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。use sth. to do用 做;eg. You better use a stick to stir the paint.你最好用棒來攪漆?！?You can clarify this question if you study British history. 如果你研究英國歷史，就能說明這個問題。 【注釋：clarify :解釋；澄清；說明 eg. The government has time and again clarified its position on equal

7、pay for women?政府已經(jīng)反復(fù)說明政府對男女同工同酬的立場?！縁irst there was England.首先有英格蘭。Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. 13 世紀(jì)， 威爾士參加進(jìn)來?！咀⑨專簂ink vt., vi.常與 together, to, with 連用連接 eg. The two towns are linkedby a railway.這兩個城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起來。2挽著；與on, to, in to連用聯(lián)合】Now when peoplerefer to En gla nd, you find W

8、ales in eluded as well.現(xiàn)在, 當(dāng)人們談到英格蘭， 你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士也包括 進(jìn)來?！咀⑨專簉efer to談到；speak of, mention這三個詞均表示“談到；說起，其主語均為“sb.，而come to表示 “談到講時(shí)，僅用于句型“ when it comes to sb./ sth.當(dāng)一談到 試題：When itmusic, Kate is always excited. A.refers to B. speaks of C. mentions D. comes toas well也，倒不如,還是的好， 最好還是It will be as well to sto

9、p that young screamer.但是最好還是 讓那個大哭大叫的孩子住聲。 Next En gla nd and Wales were joined to Scotia nd in the seve ntee nthcentury and the name was changed to Great Britain. 接下來，在 17 世紀(jì)，英格蘭和威爾士參加至寸蘇 格蘭，名字改為大英帝國?！咀⑨專篵e joined : To put or bring into close association or relationship: 使結(jié)合，締交：使結(jié)合或聯(lián)合形成密切聯(lián)系或關(guān)系eg. t

10、hey were joined by marriage;.他們結(jié)成夫妻；Happilythis was accomplished without con flict whe n King James of Scotia nd became King of En gla ndand Wales as well.快樂的是，當(dāng)蘇格蘭國王詹姆斯成為英格蘭和威爾士國王時(shí)，也是在沒有發(fā)生沖突的情況下完成的?！咀⑨專篴ccomplish 完成 eg. You should accomplish the task within the allotted time. 你們 必須在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)?！縁in

11、 ally the En glish gover nment tried in the early twen tiethcentury to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way .最后，在20世紀(jì)初，英國政府想通過以和平方式將愛爾蘭參加進(jìn)來，形成聯(lián)合王國?！咀⑨專篻etting Irelandconnected 系為 get sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)，意為讓人 做某事】However, the southern part of Ireland wasunwilling and

12、 broke away to form its own government. 然而，愛爾蘭南部地區(qū)不愿意參加，脫離并成 立了自己的政府?！咀⑨專篵reak away (1)逃走； 逃脫 eg. 1) The robbery suspect broke away from thelockup.搶劫嫌疑犯從拘留所逃脫了。2) Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.喻現(xiàn)代音樂如爵士樂擺脫了舊的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)那么。2斷裂；開裂 eg. A large piece of ice broke away from

13、 themain block. 一大塊冰從整個大冰塊上 斷裂開來。試題：The young manthe two policemen who were holding him.D. caught up with】A. got away with B. broke away from C. come up withSo only Northern Irela nd ioi ned with England, Wales and Scotia nd to become the Un ited Kin gdom and this was show n to the world in a new fl

14、ag called the Un io n Jack .所以只有北愛爾蘭參加到英格蘭、威爾士和蘇格蘭行列，從而成為聯(lián)合王國，這在英國國旗上可以向世人表現(xiàn)出來。To their credit , the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.為了表示信任，這四個國家在一些領(lǐng)域 團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，如流通和國際關(guān)系，但他們依然有各自不 同的機(jī)構(gòu)。 For examp

15、le, Norther n Irela nd, En gla nd and Scotia nd have differe nt educati onal and legal systems as well as differe nt football teams for competiti ons like the World Cup! _例如，北愛爾 蘭，英格蘭和蘇格蘭，除了有不同的足球隊(duì)參加象世界杯之類的比賽之外，他們還有不同的教育體系和不同的法律體系?！咀⑨專篴s well as (1)adv.又，也。(2)conj.(連接詞) eg. And in addition :既又：eg. c

16、ourageous as well as strong既健康又勇敢(3)prep.(介詞)：In addition to:都，除之外(包含之后的內(nèi)容)：eg. The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime 編輯和校對者都在加班工作(4)和 一樣好eg. He speaks English as well as Tom.考題：1. (94 全-28) John plays football, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. as well D.

17、such well2. (93 全-20)She doesntspeakher friend, but her written work is excellent.A. as well asB. so ofte n as C. so much asD. as good asBA】England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.英格蘭是四個國家中最大的國家,為了方便，它大致被劃分為三個區(qū)域。【注釋：conveniencen.方便；便利

18、for the convenience of 為了方便;for (thSke of) convenience 為了方便起見；at sbsconvenience在方便的時(shí)候，在適宜的地點(diǎn)；be convenient for sb./ sth.對于 方便 eg. 1) The hotel has arestaurant for the guests convenience. 2) Please come when it is convenient for you. 3) Please come at your convenience. 4) It convenient for sb. (to do

19、 sth.)注意：con ve nient 作表語時(shí)，不可用人作主語。 辨析： divide, separate (1)divide強(qiáng)調(diào)把整體分成假設(shè)干局部，即化整為零，即破壞了賓語的完整性；而separate沒有破壞賓語的整體性，只是把混在一起的賓語分開。Eg. 1) They divided the house into three parts. 2)The Pyrenees separate France and Spain.比利牛斯將法國和西班牙分開。考題：1. (2021 魯)Would it befor you to pick me up at four o clock and t

20、ake me to the airport?A . free B . vacant C. handy D. Convenient2. If it is quiteto you , I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B. fairC. easy D. Comfortable3. Come and see me whenever.A . you are convenient B . you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D . it will be convenient to you

21、】The zone n earest France is called the South of En gla nd, the middle zone is called the Midla nds and the one n earest to Scotia nd is known as the North.最靠近法國的區(qū)域被稱為南英格蘭，中部區(qū)域叫英格蘭中部，最靠近蘇格蘭的地方叫北英格蘭。 You find most of the population settled in the south ,but most of the in dustrial cities in the Midla

22、 nds and the North of England.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人口居住在南部，但大多數(shù)工業(yè)城市卻在中部和英格蘭北部?！?注釋：settled in the south是過去分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ) 足語。】Although, n ati on wide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they haveworld-famous football teams and some of them even have two! 盡管，從全國范圍內(nèi)來說， 這些城市沒 有中國的城市大，但他們有世界著名的足球隊(duì)，有些城市甚至有兩支足球隊(duì)

23、。【注釋：not as large as沒有大】It is a pity tth adustriai cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.遺憾 的是：這些建在19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)城市不吸引游客?！咀⑨專篒t is a pity that遺憾的是 eg. Its a pity shecant attend the reception她不能參加招待會，真是遺憾. 另：have pity on或take pity on對表示同情.attract vt. attract ones attention 吸弓丨某人的注意；

24、 attract sb. to sp.把某人吸弓丨至U某處；have an/ no/ a little/much attraction for sb.對某人有/沒有/有一點(diǎn)/很有吸引力。考題：Life in London has so many nightclubs, good restaurants and so on.A . collectionsB. instructions C. attractionsD . expressionFor historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller tow nsbuilt by

25、the Roma ns .對于有歷史意義的建筑，你必須去那些更古老的但更小的建于羅馬時(shí)期的城鎮(zhèn)。There you will find out moreabout British history and culture.在那你可以搞清楚更多的有關(guān)英國的歷史和文化?！咀⑨專篺ind out1To ascertain something, as through examination or inquiry :查明： 如通過觀察或詢問查明某事：eg. 1 Ifound out the phone number by looking it up. 通過查找我查至U了 號碼2 If youre not

26、sure, find out.女口果你不肯定，查一查 2 To detect the true nature or character of; expose :發(fā)現(xiàn)：探明真相或性質(zhì)； 暴露： eg. Liars risk being found out.騙子被揭穿的危險(xiǎn)3 To detect and apprehend; catch :探明并逮捕；抓住：Mostembezzlers are found out in the end.大多數(shù)貪污犯最后都被查出并逮捕歸案】The greatest historicaltreasure of all is London with its museum

27、s, art collect ions, theatres, parks and buildi ngs. _最具有偉 大歷史意義的寶庫就是倫敦，它擁有博物館、藝術(shù)收藏館、劇院、公園和建筑。It is the centre of nationalgovernment and its administration. 它是國家政府和行政機(jī)構(gòu)的中心。 It has the oldest port built by the Roma ns in the first cen tury AD , the oldest buildi ng beau n by the An alo-Sax ons in the

28、 1060s and the oldest castle con structed by later Norma n rulers in 1066.它擁有修建于公元一世紀(jì)羅馬時(shí)期的最古老的港口，還擁有由央格魯撒克遜人于世紀(jì)六十年代修建的最古老的建筑，它還擁有由后來的諾曼統(tǒng)治者于 1066年建造的最古老的城堡?！?注釋：built byAD, begun by the1060s, constructed by1066均是過去分詞短語作定語，與所修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系為動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞短語作定語是一個常備考點(diǎn)?？碱}聚集：1. 09 全 I-35 Now that we e discussed ou

29、r problem, are people happy with the decisions?A. take B. taki ngC. take n D. to take2. 09 京-24 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruiton his own farm.A. grow nB. being grow nC. to be grow nD. to grow3. 09 申-33 With the government aid, thoseby the earthquake have moved to the newsettleme

30、 nts.A. affectB. affecti ngC. affectedD. were affected4. 08 湘-26 The treesin the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blow n dow nB. blow n dow nC. blow ing dow nD. to blow dow n5. 08 贛-28 We finished the run in less than half the time.A. allowi ng B. to allow C. allowedD. allows6. 08 浙-13 It

31、 is one of the funniest thingson the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being found C. to findD. found7. 08 閩-33Can thoseat the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat8. 07 湘-34 Thingsnever come again! couldn help talking to myself.A. lostB. los ingC. to loseD. have

32、 lost9. 06 京-28 There have been several new events to the program for the 2021 BeijingOlympic Games.A. addB. to addC. add ingD. added10. 06 魯-29 Five people won the China Green Figure award, a titleto ordinary peoplefor their contributions to environmental protection.A. being give nB. is give nC. gi

33、ve nD. was give n11. 05 京-32 The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expensesvacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paid D. being paidCACB CDCAD CB 】There has been four sets of invaders of England.英格蘭有四批入侵者。The first invaders, theRoma ns, left their tow ns and roads.第一批入侵者是羅馬人，留下了城鎮(zhèn)和道路

34、;The sec ond, theAnglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.第二批入侵者是央格魯撒克遜人，他們留下了語言和政體；The third, the Vikin gs, in flue need the vocabulary and place-n ames of the North ofEn gla nd,第三批入侵者是北歐海盜， 影響了英格蘭的詞匯及其北部的地名；and the fourth, the Norma ns,left castles and introduced in new words for foo

35、d.第四批入侵者是諾曼人，他們留下了城堡，并引入 了一些新的食品詞匯。If you look around the British coun tryside you will find evide nee of all these in vaders.如果你巡視一下英國鄉(xiāng)下， 你就會找到所有這些入侵者留下的證據(jù)。You must keep your eyes ope n if you aregoing to make your trip to the Un ited Kin gdom enjoyable and worthwhile.如果你想要你對聯(lián)合王國的旅行愉快而有價(jià)值， 你必須睜大你的雙

36、眼?！咀⑨專簃ake sth. worthwhile使值得 eg. We made our effort worthwhile.】重點(diǎn)句型：1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.【精提取】included是過去分詞，此處用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。include與賓語 Wales之間是被動關(guān)系，故需用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)?！厩蓱?yīng)用】他醒來后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被綁在了樹上。When he woke up， he. 答案：found himself tied to the tree2.It looked splendid wh

37、en first built ! 【精提取】 when first built 是 when it was first built 的省略形 式。【巧應(yīng)用】 這個展覽比料想的有意思。The exhibition is more interesting.答案：than expected3. Worried about the time available，Zhang Pin gyu had made a list of the sites she wan ted to see in Lon do n.【精提取】 worried about.為過去分詞短語作狀語，表原因。 available ad

38、j.可以利用的；有用的；有空的. 【巧應(yīng)用】 陷入沉思之中，他幾乎撞到前面的小汽車上。， he almost ran into the car in front of him.答案： Lost in thought 考題:2021 浙There are plenty of jobsin the western part of the country.A presentB availableC preciousD convenient4It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and

39、died in London. 【 精提取 】 it 作形式主語， that 從句是真正的主語。 who had developed communism 是定語從 句。 【巧應(yīng)用 】 目前你不可能治愈這種病。_ you can cure the disease at present. 答案： It seems impossible that5. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 這似乎是一件怪事，這位開展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，

40、并且在倫敦去世?！揪浞ǚ治觥?should 用在 that 從句中表達(dá)感情、意志，意為“竟然，居然 。另外， should have done還可以表示過去該做某事，意為本應(yīng)該；要是已經(jīng)就好了。 I m surprised that you should speak in that way.我很驚訝你居然用那種方式說話。 I should have been kinder to him.當(dāng)時(shí)我要是對他更好一點(diǎn)就好了。考題：1. Did you punish him for that? Yes， but I dont think I.Ashould have done so B need to have done so Cshould do that D ought have done that2. Since you have made such good preparations ， there _ be any problem about passing the coming exam.A mustn tBshan tCshouldn tDneedn t課文補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：1. I hear that you will be on travel again. Yea