高級英語LessonBooKMarrakech課后練習級答案

1、EXERCISESI.Writeshortnoteson:MarrakechandMorocco.SuggestedReferenceBooksSRB1. anystandardgazetteer2. EncyclopaediaBritannican.Questionsoncontent:1. Insteadoftellingthereaderthatthenativesarepoor,Orwellshowspovertyinatleastfiveways.Identifythem.2. HowarepeopleburiedinMarrakech?3. Explainthesentence,&

2、quot;Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact."(para3)4. Whatdoyouthinkmedievalghettoeswerelike?5. Whydoesthewritersay,"AgoodjobHitlerwasn'there"?6. Whatkindofpeople,accordingtoOrwell,arepartlyinvisible?Whydoeshestressthispoint?7. HowwaslandcultivatedinMorocco?8. Whywasth

3、eoldwomansurprisedwhenthewritergaveherafive-soupiece?9. Whatdideverywhitemanthinkwhenhesawablackarmymarchingpast?m.Questionsonappreciation:1. Thethingsofvalue,Orwellsaysin"WhyIWrite,"arealwayspolitical.Isthisessaypolitical?Hasthewritersaidanythingofvalue?2. Orwelldescribeshumansufferingand

4、miseryratherobjectively.Howthencanyoutellthatheisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery?3. Whydoesthewriterrevealhisfeelingsaboutthedonkeysbutconcealhisfeelingsaboutthepeople?,Whateffectdoesthiscontrasthaveonthereader?4. Couldparas4-7justaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore?Couldothergroupsofparagraphsberearranged?W

5、hatdoesthisindicateabouttheorganization?Whatgivestheessaycoherence?5. Doesthisessaygivereadersanewinsightintoimperialism?Hasthewritersucceededinshowingthatimperialismisan"evilthing"?6. CommentonOrwell'slucidstyleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetails.IV.Paraphrase:1. Theburyin

6、g-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.(para2)2. Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.(para3)3. TheyriseoutOftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard(para3)4. Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe,

7、turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.(para9)5. Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews(para10)6. everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury(para10)7. Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.(para16)8. Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexcepttheh

8、umanbeings.(para16)9. NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.(para17)10. fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,backbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil(para17)11. Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.(para19)12. Peoplewithbrownski

9、nsarenextdoortoinvisible.(para21)13. Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms(para23)14. Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?(para25)15. Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.(para26)V.Translateparas20and21intoChinese.VI.Lookupthedictionaryand

10、explainthemeaningoftheitali-cizedwords:1. wailingashortchantoverandoveragain(para2)2. anArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearby(para6)3. hestoweditgratefully(para7)4. hisleftlegiswarpedoutofshape(para9)5. astheJewsliveinaself-containedcommunity(para11)6. theploughisawretchedwoodenthing(para18)7. allofthemar

11、emummifiedwithageandthesun(para19)8. theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms(para23)9. sohadtheofficersontheirsweatingchargers(para26)VU.Discriminatethefollowinggroupsofsynonyms:1. wail,cry,weep,sob,whimper,moan2. frenzy,mania,delirium,hysteria3. glisten,glitter,flash,shimmer,spark

12、leSuggestedReferenceBooksSRB1. Webster'sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage2. WebstersNewDictionaryofSynonyms3. Reader'sDigest,UsetheRightWordW.Studytheformationofthefollowingcompoundnounsandlist5-10examplesofeach:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSugge

13、stedReferenceBooksSRB1. anystandarddictionary2. anybookonlexicologyorwordbuildingIX.Inthisessay,thewritermakeseffectiveuseofspecificverbs.List10specificverbsyouconsiderusedmosteffectivelyandgiveyourreasons.X.Eachofthefollowingsentencesmaybemademorecompactbypropersubordination.Rewritethem,usingsubord

14、inateclauses,appositives,prepositionalorverbalphrases:1. TheBritisharmyhadlostallitsequipmentatDunkirk,andtherewasonlyasinglearmoreddivisionlefttoprotectthehomeisland.2. Thedryprairielandwilldriftawayinduststorms,butitisstillbeingplowedforprofitlesswheatfarming.3. Theeducationalprogrammaysucceed,but

15、ithastohavemorethanmerefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.4. Theyhavewastedtheirnaturalresources,buttheyshouldhaveprotectedandconservedthem.5. TheCaldwellfamilyopenedthefirstroughtrailandsoonothersettlerswerecoming.6. TheSmithsonianInstitutionisconstantlyworkingforabetterunderstandingofnatureforman&#

16、39;sbenefit,anditgetslittleornopublicity.7. QueenMarywaseasilyshakenbypassions.Theywerebothpassionsofloveandpassionofhatredandrevenge.8. Idreadedopeningthedoorofhisoffice,butitwasonlyforafewdays.9. ItwasearlymorningandtherewasafogandsoIcrawledoutandmademywaytothebeach.10. Ileftthedoorofthesafeunlock

17、edandtooktheleatherbagofcoinsandwalkeddownthestreettowardthebank.XI.Readthefollowingparagraphsandthenanswerthequestions:1)Whatisthetopicsentence?2)Hasthewritersucceededinachievingunity?Giveyourreasons.1. Lifeonthefarmisaneternalbattleagainstnature.Thereisalwaystherushtoharvestthecropsandtogetnextyea

18、r'sgrainplantedbeforethefallrainsstart.Togetthisaccomplishedthefarmermustbeoutatworkbydaybreak.Fruitsandvegetableshavetobegatheredbeforetheearlyfrost;henceeveryoneisbustlingaroundfrommorningtillnight.Fallisbeautifulwhentheleavesonthetreeschangecolorandthenfalloff.Wintersendsitswarmingcoveroverth

19、efrozeground.Thiscausestheanimalstohuntforsomethingtoeat.Thereisnothing,sothefarmerhastofeedthem.Afterhisday'sworkisdone,thefarmerputsonhisslippers,reclinesonthedavenportinfrontofthefireplace,andspendsapeacefuleveningreading.Withinafewmonthsspringbeginswithitsbeautifulflowersandgreengrass.Thecow

20、sgivemoremilksothefarmerhasmoreworktodo.Afterthefirstspringrain,thecornmustbecultivated.Assummerap-proachesthefarmerbeginstoworryforfearthatthesunwillcomeupandcookthegrainbeforeitisfullydeveloped,ormaybeathunderstormwillcomeupthuscausinghishaycroptorot.2. TherearethreereasonswhyIlikeJapanesefood.Whe

21、nIwasgrowingupIneverateJapanesefood,sincewelivedinapartofTexaswheretherewerenoOrentals,butnowIreallylikeit.OneofthebestthingsaboutJapanesefoodisthatitconsistsprimarilyofmeatandvegetables,sothatit'snotatallfattening.However,mostJapaneseloverice.OneofmyJapanesefriendshasatleasttwobowlsofriceatever

22、ymeal.AnotherreasonforlikingJapanesefoodisthatit'salwaysbeautifullyserved,evenatlower-pricedrestaurants.Everydishisaworkofart:thechickenyakitoriispresentedonagleamingplattercrisscrossedwithskewersofmeatandvegetables,andtheshrimptempuracomesonalovelylittlebambootray.FortheAmericanwhowantstoserveJ

23、apanesefoodlikethis,theseplattersandtraysmaybepurchasedatalocalimportstore.MyfinalreasonforlikingJapanesefoodisitsexoticflavor.ThereisnothinginAmericanorEuropeancuisinequiteliketheflavorofsashimi(rawfishdippedinsoysauceandhorseradish)orshabu-shabu,ameatandvegetabledishthatyoucookrightatyourowntableb

24、yswishingthebite-sizedpiecesinapanofseasonedboilingwater.Also,fromthemalepointofview,Japaneserestaurantsareattractiveforanotherreason-thebeautifullittledoll-likewaitresses,whobowandsmileshylyastheyserveyourfood.Withallthis,isthereanywonderJapanesefoodappealstome?Choosetherightwordfromthelistbelowfor

25、eachblankfellcomedidfiredpulledfeelsaggedcollapsegoesalteredslobberedclimbedwentparalysedsettleddroopingjoltseemedimaginedknockfallingtowerreachingtrumpetedshakecameWhenI_thetriggerIdidnothearthebangorthekick-oneneverdoeswhenashothome-butIheardthedevilishroarofgleethatupfromthecrowd.Inthatinstant,in

26、tooshortatime,onewouldhavethought,evenforthebullettogetthere,amysterious,terriblechangehadovertheelephant.Heneitherstirrednor,buteverylineofhisbodyhadHelookedsuddenlystricken,shrunken,immenselyold,asthoughthefrightfulimpactofthebullethadhimwithoutknockinghimdown.Atlast,afterwhatalongtime-itmighthave

27、beenfiveseconds,Idaresay-heflabbilytohisknees.HismouthAnenormoussenilityseemedtohaveuponhim.Onecouldhavehimthousandsofyearsold.Iagainintothesamespot.Atthesecondshothedidnotbutwithdesperateslownesstohisfeetandstoodweaklyupright,withlegssaggingandhead.Ifiredathirdtime.Thatwastheshotthatforhim.Youcould

28、seetheagonyofithiswholebodyandthelastremnantofstrengthfromhislegs.Butinheseemedforamomenttorise,forashishindlegscollapsedbeneathhimheseemedtoupwardlikeahugerocktoppling,histrunkskywardslikeatree.He,forthefirstandonlytime.Andthendownhe,hisbellytowardsme,withacrashthatseemedtothegroundevenwhereIlay.XI

29、II. Topicsfororalwork:1. Whatcanyouinferabouttheauthor'spoliticalattitudefromthisessay?2. DoyoulikeOrwell'sstyle?GiveexamplestosupportyourXIV. Writeashortcompositiondescribingobjectivelythesufferingandpovertyofpre-liberationChinaorofanycity.Trytomaintainanobjectivetone,butyourrealfeelingssho

30、uldbeev-identtothereader.習題全解I.Marrakech:inwestcentralMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas,130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.Thecityrenownedforleathergoods,isoneoftheprincipalcommercialcentersofMorocco.Itwasfoundedin1062andwasthecapitalofMoroccofromthenuntil1147andagainfrom1550to1660.Itwa

31、scapturedbytheFrenchin1912,whenitsmoderngrowthbegan.Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.Yearlyrainfallis9inchesandlimitedtowintermonths.ThecitywasformerlyalsocalledMorocco.Morocco:LocatedinNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOcean.MoroccoisthefarthestwestofalltheArabcountries.Rabatisth

32、ecapital.Theestimatedpopulationin1973was15,600,000.About2000B.C.itwassettledbyBerbertribes,whohaveformedthebasisofthepopulationeversince.TheArabsinvadedMoroccointhe7thcentury,bringingwiththemIslam.Fromtheendofthe17thcenturyuntiltheearly19thcenturyMoroccowasalmostentirelyfreefromforeigninfluence.Buti

33、n1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones.Itgainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchyin1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.Moroccansaremainlyfarmers(70%)whotrytogrowtheirownfood.Theyoftenusecamels,do

34、nkeysandmulestopulltheirplows.Inthesouthafewtribesmenstill,wanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.n.1.Herearefivethingshedescribestoshowpoverty-(a)theburialofthepoorinhabitants(b)anArabNavvy,anemployeeofthemunicipality,beggingforapieceofbread(c)themiserablelivesoftheJewsintheghettoes(d)cultivationofthepo

35、orsoil;(e)theoldwomencarryingfirewood.2. Seeparagraphs1and2.3. Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesasanimalsinsteadofashumanberags.4. MedievalghettoeswereprobablyliketheJewishquartersinMarrakech-overcrowded,thousandsofpeoplelivinginanarrowstreet,housescompletelywindo

36、wless,andthewholeareadirtyandunhygienic.5. IfHitlerwerehere,alltheJewswouldhavebeenmassacred.6. Thosewhoworkwiththeirhandsarepartlyinvisible.ItsonlybecauseofthisthatthestarvedcountriesofAsiaandAfricaareacceptedastouristresorts.Thepeoplearenottreatedashumanbeings,anditisonthisfactthatallcolonialempir

37、esareinrealityfounded.7. Seeparagraph18.8. Theoldwomanwassurprisedbecausesomeonewastakingnoticeofherandtreatingherasahumanbeing.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosay,asabeastofburden.9. Everywhitemanthought."Howmuchlongercanwegoonkiddingthesepeople?Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheothe

38、rdirection?"Theyknewtheycouldnotgoonfoolingtheseblackpeopleanylonger.Somedaytheywouldriseupinrevoltandfreethemselves.m.1.Yes,itis.InthisessayOrwelldenouncestheevilsofcolonialismorimperialismbymercilesslyexposingthepoverty,miseryanddegradationofthenativepeopleinthecolonies.10. Hemanagestoshowtha

39、theisoutragedatthespectacleofmisery,first,throughtheappropriateuseofwordssecond,throughthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes;third,throughthetoneinwhichhedescribesthesescenesandfinally,bycontrastingtheindignationatthecruelhandlingofthedonkeywiththeunconcerntowardsthefateofthehumanbeings.11. Becauset

40、hatshowsthecrueltreatmentthedonkeysreceiveevokesagreaterfeelingofsympathyinthebreastsofthewhitemastersthanthemiserablefateofthepeople.Thiscontrasthaveonthereaderaneffectthatthepeoplearenotconsiderednortreatedashumanbeings.12. Paragraphs4-7couldaswellcomeafter8-15asbefore.Othergroupsofparagraphscould

41、berearranged.Thisindicatesthatthewholepassageismadeupofvariousindependentexamplesorillustrationsofthepeople'spovertyandsuffering.Thecentraltheme-allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthisfact-givesunityandcohesiontothewholeessay.13. Thisessaygivesanewinsightintoimperialism.Yes,hehassucceededi

42、nshowingthatimperialismisan"evilthing".14. Orwellisgoodattheappropriateuseofsimplebutforcefulwordsandthecleverchoiceofthesceneshedescribes.Hislucidstyleandfineattentiontosignificantdescriptivedetailsefficientlyconveyedtothereadersthecentralidea"allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundedupo

43、nthisfact",thefactthatthepeoplearenotconsideredortreatedashumanbeings.IV.1.Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.2. Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecoloni

44、eslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings).3. Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.4. Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.5. Immediatelyfr

45、omtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.6. EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.7. However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.8. Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbut

46、thehumanbeings.9. Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas(forthesetrips42V.VI.VU.wouldnotbeinteresting)10. lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeopleWithhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil11. Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowesti

47、nthecommunity，that。shewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal12. Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible13. TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingreadymadekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwellbuiltbodies14. Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?。15. Everywhiteman，theonlookers，theofficerson

48、theirhorsesandthewhiteNCOsmarchingwiththeblacksoldiers，hadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismindV .SeethetranslationofthetextVI .1.chant:wordsrepeatedinamonotonoustoneofvoice2 navvy：abbreviationof“navigator”，aBritishwordmeaningan unskilled laborerasoncanals，roads，etc3 Stow：putorhideawayinasafepl

49、ace4 warp：bend，curve，ortwistoutofshape5 self-contained：selfsufficient；havingwithinoneselforitselfallthatisnecessary6 wretched：poorinquality，veryinferior7 mummified：thinandwithered，lookinglikeamummy8 reachmedown：(Britishcolloquialism)secondhandorreadymadeclothing9 charger：ahorseriddeninbattleoronpara

50、deVU.cry指因痛苦、憂傷或悲哀而發(fā)出悲切的聲音，并伴以流淚。weep更具體，強調流淚；sob指嗚嗚咽咽、一吸一頓地哭泣；wail指無法抑制悲哀而拖長聲調痛哭；whimper43指像受驚的小孩一樣聲音壓抑地、時斷時續(xù)地哭；moan則指因悲傷或痛苦而低聲地、拖長聲調地哀嘆。2 .mania本指狂郁精神病所表現出的癥狀，具體表現為喜怒無常，時哭時笑，行為不能自制；delirium指暫時性精神極端錯亂（如酒醉發(fā)燒時），具體表現為煩躁不安、語無倫次和產生幻覺；frenzy是非醫(yī)學用語，指狂暴不能自制。hysteria在精神病學上指心因性紊亂，表現為容易激動、焦躁不安、感官和運動功能紊亂以及不自覺地

51、模擬眼瞎、耳聾等。用于引申義時，mania指對于某事的愛好達到狂熱的程度，成為癖好，如amaniafordrinking（嗜酒）；delirium指極度興奮，如adeliriumofjoy（狂喜）；hysteria指強烈的、不可控制的感情爆發(fā)，如：Shelaughedandcriedinherhysteria（她又是笑又是哭，感情難以控制。）。3 .flash指突發(fā)的、短暫而耀眼的閃光；gleam指黑暗中閃現出的一束穩(wěn)定的光線；sparkle指星星點點的閃光；glitter指由物體反射出的星星點點的閃光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而顯出的光亮；shimmer指由微波蕩漾的水面反

52、照出的柔和的閃光。U.1.buryingground(verbalnounining+noun):drinkingcup,hidingplace，divingboard，waitingroom，freezingpoint，carvingknife，writingdesk，typingpaper，swimmingsuit4 gravestone(noun+noun)：oilwell，silkworm，shirtsleeves，girlfriend，gaslight，bloodstain，frogman，windowpaneblack market5 midair(adjective+noun)：

53、halfbrotherhalfpay。darkroom，madma，ndoubletalk，hothouse，handyman6 orercrowding(adverb+verbalnounining)：dry-cleaning，overeating，oversleeping，deepfreezing，underpricing，underrating，downgrading，updating7 ninetenths(adjfromacardinalnumber+noun，froman44ordinalnumber):one-fifth,two-sixths,three-eighths,one-

54、ninthIX.1."thread"asin"Thelittlecrowdofmourners.threadedtheirwayacrossthemarket"，indicatingthatthemarketwassocrowdedthatthecrowdcouldhardlypassthrough.2. "rise","sweat","starve",and"sink"asin"Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarvefor

55、afewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard"-",givingadeepimpressionofhowthesepeopleliveashortandmiserablelife.3. "sidle"asin"AnArabnavvyworkingonthepathnearbyloweredhisheavyhoeandsidledslowlytowardsus",showingclearlyhowashymanwalkedcarefully.4. &qu

56、ot;grope"asin"Evenablindman.'.heardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand",presentingaclearpictureofablindmandesiringtogetacigarette.5. "mummify"asin"Allofthemaremummifiedwithageandthesun"-",aforcefulwordindicatingwhatamiserablest

57、atethosewomenarein.6. "hobble"asin"'"thefileofoldwomenhadhobbledpastthehousewiththeirfirewood"'",indicatingthatthesewomencouldnotwalkproperlybecauseoftheheavyloadtheywerecarrying.7. "tip"asin"""itsmastertipsitintotheditch""&quo

58、t;,showinghowcasuallyamasterdealswithhisdeaddogwhichhasservedhimdevotedly.8. "stow"asin"Itoreoffapieceandhestoweditgratefullyinsomesecretplaceunderhisrags",designatinghowmuchthepoornavvytreasuredthatpieceofbread.X.I.AftertheBritisharmyhadlostallitsequipmentatDunkirk,therewasonlya

59、singlearmoreddivisonlefttoprotectthehomeisland.9. Althoughthedryprairielandwilldriftawayinduststorms,itisstillbeingplowedforprofitlesswheatfarming.10. Iftheeducationalprogramistosucceed,ithastohavemorethanmerefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.11. Theyhavewastedtheirnaturalresources,whichtheyshouldhaveprotectedandconserved.12. SoonothersettlerswerecominginoverthefirstroughtrailwhichtheCaldwellfamilyhadopened.13. TheSmithsonianInstituteisconstantlyworki