人教版高一英語必修一Unit1知識點詳解

1、人教版高一英語必修一Unit1知識點詳解高一英語必修1 Unit 1 Friendship Part 1. Warming up1. 介詞不同，含義有別：be good to sb./sth. 對 好 be good for sb./sth. 對 有好處be good at (doing) sth. 擅長，精通 be good with sb./sth. 善于應(yīng)付 的eg. She was very good to me when I was ill. Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at speaking Eng

2、lish. He is very good with children. 他對孩子很有一套。2. add up 合計，把加起來 add up to 合計達(dá)到add to 增加，增添 add A to B 把加進里面，把和相加eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water.Add three to four and you get seven. add vt. 補充說

3、 （后接that從句或者直接引語）eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And dont be late,”she added.3. point n.點，要點，觀點，意義，得分 v.指著be on the point of doing sth. when.=be about to do sht. when.正要做某事，這時.There is no point (in) doing sth. 沒有必要（意義）做某事4. until與not until until表示動作、狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，強調(diào)“一直到為止”，或強調(diào)某個動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到另一個

4、動作或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)之前。常與表示延續(xù)性動作的動詞連用。 not until表示“到為止；直到才”，常與表示瞬間性動作的動詞連用。 eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college. The noise of the street didnt stop until midnight. 5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞或短語還有：admit, appreciate, avoid，consider，delay, enjoy，escape, feel like, forgive, get d

5、own to, give up, imagine，mind, miss（錯過）, practice, suggest, risk，can't stand（不能忍受）, cant help (忍不?。?，give up, put off等。 help sb.(to) do sth.There is no way to escape doing the work. 沒有辦法逃脫做這項工作。We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的來信，我們將十分感激。 He put off paying the bills6. get sth. d

6、one 使某事被做 ( get做使役動詞，“使、叫、讓”后接復(fù)合賓語 ) eg. When are you going to get your hair cut? I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事 eg. I will get him to do the work. get sb./sth. doing使某人或者某物開始起來eg. Let me try now.

7、 I will get the car going. get + n. + adj. 使 成為某種狀態(tài) eg. Get everything ready. 聯(lián)想：have sth. done 使某事被做 have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing 使某人或者某物持續(xù)做某事“讓某人做某事”的表達(dá)方法 let /make/have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth.7. Your friend comes to school very upset.upset 此處為adj. 做主語補足語，用來補充說明主語的情況。Eg. He w

8、ent to bed cold and hungry. She got married young. upset的用法：(1). adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的，不適的（多做表語）搭配：be upset about sth. 為某事煩心 be upset that 心煩eg. She was really upset about losing the money. I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.(2). vt. 使不安，使心煩(upset, upset) upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱Eg. D

9、ont upset yourself about it. The bad news upset the boys mother.8. ignore vt. 不理睬，忽視 eg. He ignored my advice, so he failed in this exam. Alice saw Jack coming, but ignored him. ignorance n.無知 ignorant adj. 不知道的，無知的 be ignorance of/about sb./sth. 對某人/某物不知道 eg. I was ignorant(of the fact)that the bos

10、s should be so strict. 我不知道老板居然那樣嚴(yán)格。9. calm down vt./vi. （使）平靜下來，（使）鎮(zhèn)定下來eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down. He took a deep breath to calm himself down. calm adj. 平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的eg. Keep calm. After the storm, it became calm again. adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析：calm 平靜的，沉著的（指無風(fēng)浪或者人的心情不激動） quiet

11、 安靜的，寧靜的（指沒有聲音，不吵鬧或者心里沒有煩惱，憂慮） still 靜止的，不動的（指沒有運動或者動作的狀態(tài)） silent 沉默的，不出聲的（指沒有聲音或者不講話）【一言辨異】 When facing danger, you should keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet; in class, you shouldnt keep silent about the teachers questions.10.

12、have got to 不得不，必須 (否定：havent got to) = have to（否定：dont have to)eg. I have got to go to a meeting. Have you got to go now? He hasnt got to come tomorrow. 【說明】: have got to 很少用于過去時態(tài), have to 可用于各種時態(tài)；表示一次性動作時，兩者可互換，表示習(xí)慣性動作，尤其句中有always, often 等時，應(yīng)用have to.11. concern （1）vt. (使)擔(dān)憂，涉及，關(guān)系到eg. She concerns

13、 herself about her sons future. The news concerns your brother. concern 做動詞時，更多情況下用過去分詞做表語。搭配： be concerned about/for sth. 為 擔(dān)心，關(guān)心，關(guān)注，掛念 be concerned with sth. 與有關(guān)，涉及 as/so far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言Eg. The family are all concerned about her safety. He was concerned with the matter. As far as I a

14、m concerned, I dont agree with you.(2) n. u/c 擔(dān)心，掛念，關(guān)注，利害關(guān)系；關(guān)心的事Eg. show/express/feel/have concern about/for 關(guān)心 with concern 關(guān)心地 At that time, one of his concerns was to go to college.12. go on holiday 去度假take care of = look after = care forwalk the dog 遛狗13. While walking the dog, you were careless

15、 and it got loose(1). While walking the dog = While you were walking the dog是一個由while引導(dǎo)的省略的時間狀語從句。【點撥】 在when/while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句，if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，as/as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，though/although/even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，若主從句主語相同，且從句謂語動詞含有be動詞的某種形式，則從句的主語和be動詞可以省略；或者當(dāng)從句主語為it，且從句謂語動詞含有be動詞的某種形式，這時省略it和be動詞

16、。Eg. While reading a book, I heard a knock on the door. When taken into a warm house, a piece of ice becomes smaller and smaller until in the end it disappears completely. Fill the blanks with a proper word where necessary. Once seen, it will never be forgotten. The workers just carried out the orde

17、r as told. Even if invited, I wont go to the party. Mr Green, though old, did the job very well. We should speak English whenever possible.請試著把以上省略的狀語從句補充完整。(2). get loose 變松 (“get + adj.”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“變得”)Eg. It is getting darker and darker outside. “get + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)： 表示被動。Eg. get burnt被燙傷 get hurt受傷

18、get killed被殺 get caught被抓 表示自身發(fā)出的動作。Eg. get changed換衣服 get dressed穿衣服 get married結(jié)婚 get washed洗臉 “get + v-ing” 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)：（意為“某人/某物開始做”, 表示主動）Eg. get moving/working14. You are taking your end-of-term exam. 你就要參加期末考試了?，F(xiàn)在進行時有時也用來表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作,常有“意圖”“安排”或“打算”的含義。Eg. We are going to Mexico next Sunday. He

19、is leaving for Shanghai. 一般現(xiàn)在時也可用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作，但常指按時刻表要發(fā)生的事情。Eg. The train leaves London at six.15. cheat vi. 作弊，欺詐eg. cheat in/on an exam 考試作弊 cheat vt. 欺騙，騙取cheat sb.(out) of sth. 騙取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth. 騙某人做某事eg. They are cheating her out of money. He cheated her into buying the fake diamond

20、. 他騙她買了那顆假鉆石。16. should have done = ought to have done表示“過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒有做”，含有責(zé)備的意味。Eg. You should have come here five minutes ago. The plant is dead. I should have given it more water. shouldnt have done = oughtnt to have done表示“過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實際上做了”。Eg. They shouldnt have left without saying goodbye. Y

21、ou shouldnt have made such foolish mistakes.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. make a list of = list v. 列表，列單子eg. They made a list of candidates （候選人）after discussion. make用法： make+賓語+賓語補足語 （1）“make賓語n.” 意為“使、讓某人 / 某物(成為)”。如：    We made him our monitor. 我們選他當(dāng)班長。 &#

22、160;  （2）“make賓語adj.” 意為 “使某人 / 某事(變得)”。如：    The news that our team had won made us very happy.     當(dāng)賓語是不定式短語或從句時，多用it作形式賓語。如：    I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一個條件，人人都要準(zhǔn)時。    The heavy rain made it impossib

23、le for us to go out. 大雨使得我們無法出去。    （3）“make賓語do sth.（不帶to的不定式）”意為 “使某人做某事”。如:        Our teacher makes us feel more confident. 老師使得我們感到更自信了。   在被動語態(tài)中，此類結(jié)構(gòu)中省略的動詞不定式 to 要還原。如：    The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 這個

24、男孩被迫每天干十二個小時的活。       相關(guān)鏈接：have, make, let等使役動詞和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe 等感官動詞都可接不帶to的不定式作賓補。help后可帶to,也可不帶to。如：    Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就讓他干吧。    Did you see him go out 你看見他出去了嗎  

25、  I often help my mother (to) do some housework. 我經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做些家務(wù)。    （4）“make賓語-ed（過去分詞作賓補）”這個結(jié)構(gòu)指賓語接受后面的那個動作，表示被動的意思，意為 “使某人 / 某事被”。如：    The strange noise made us frightened. 奇怪的聲音使我們感到恐懼。    The good news made us excited. 這個好消息使我們興奮。   

26、友情提示：通常情況下，make后的賓語是反身代詞時，作賓補的動詞要用過去分詞，即：make oneselfV-ed （heard, known, understood）。如：    He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 在交通嘈雜聲中他無法使自己的聲音提高到讓別人聽到。    但有時，根據(jù)句子意思也可用其他形式。如：    The little child stood on the chair to make

27、himself look taller. 那個小孩兒站在椅子上，使他看上去更高些。     （5）“make+賓語+V-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞）”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思是“使某人 / 某事一直在”?，F(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：    He makes the boy standing all the time. 他讓那個男孩一直站著。  常接V-ing形式作賓語補足語的動詞有：see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find等感官動詞和look at, listen

28、 to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, make等使役動詞。    現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補和不帶 to 的不定式作賓補的區(qū)別是：現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示動作正在進行，而不帶 to 的不定式則一般表示動作已經(jīng)完成。如：    I saw him putting his hand into his pocket. (動作正在進行)    I saw him put his hand into his pocket. (動作已經(jīng)完成)2. go through 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受 All of them have gon

29、e through the war. 通過，穿過 This road goes through the forest. 仔細(xì)檢查，搜查 The police went through the building, hoping to catch the thief. 做完，完成 go through (with) sth. eg. go through (with) the work 用光，花掉 I have gone through all the envelopes (信封)I bought last week.3. hide away vi. 躲藏起來 eg. The thief hid

30、away in a friends house for several weeks after the robbery(搶劫). vt. 把 隱藏起來 eg. Why do you hide your thoughts away from me?4. 總結(jié)conj. before 的用法: 在之前 Youd better think it over before you make a decision. 之后才 We walked for nearly three hours before we arrived at the village. 這時，常用句型為：It will (not) be

31、 + 時間段 + before從句（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）It was (not) + 時間段 + before從句（從句用一般過去時態(tài)）肯定形式譯為“之后才”；否定形式譯為“沒過多長時間就”Eg. It will be ten years before we meet again. It wasnt long before he told me about it. 還未來得及就，不等就 He rushed out of the room before I could say a word. 趁著還沒有就 I must write it down before I forget it.5. se

32、t down vt. 記下，寫下，登記；放下；讓某人下車eg. You dont have to set down all that your teacher said. Please set yourself down. 請登記。 Set down the heavy bags and take a rest. Please set me down at the next corner.6. a series of (+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞) 一連串，一系列，一套 eg. a series of questions/books/pictures series n. 單復(fù)數(shù)相同，作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)

33、數(shù)取決于series的單復(fù)數(shù)。Eg. There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing. Three series of papers are handed out to the students. dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳（1）set down 1）寫下，記下。 You had better set down your idea before you forget it. 2）放下。He set

34、 down his load and had a break. 他放下?lián)有菹⒘艘粫骸?3）下車。 The bus set the children down just outside the school gate. set 相關(guān)短語set off 1）出發(fā)，動身（去某地）。Tom and his father set off for America yesterday, and arrived there this morning. 2）點燃, 爆炸 The child

35、ren are setting fireworks off in the garden.孩子們在花園里燃放煙火。set out 1）set out 出發(fā)，動身（去某地），相當(dāng)于set offThe Chinese Team held a meeting for a whole day before setting out for Barcelona for the Olympic Games. 中國隊在去巴塞羅那參加奧運會之前開了一整天的會。 2）set out（+ to do something）開始，著手（做某事）。例如： The moment I got home, I set out

36、to do my homework. set about doing sth 著手（做某事），其意義與set out to do sth 相同。That evening he set about writing a report on pollution. 那天晚上，他著手寫一篇關(guān)于污染的報告。 set up建立，創(chuàng)立。 In the southern states the slave owners wanted to set up a country of their own, where they could freely keep black people as slaves. 在南方各

37、州，奴隸主們企圖建立他們自己的國家，在那個國家里他們可以隨心所欲地把黑人當(dāng)作奴隸使用。 set aside1.）把放置一旁, 不理會 Setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor.他把椅子擱到一旁, 坐在地板上。 I warn them not to do it, but my objections were set aside. 我警告他們不要那樣做, 但他們沒有理會。 2）.取消, 駁回 The Appeal Court set aside the prisoner's sentence.上訴法院撤銷了對刑事被告的判決。 3）.留出 Th

38、e hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us. 旅店經(jīng)理給我們留出兩間舒適的房間 set back1）.向后移 Why don't you set your chair back a little to get a better view?你怎么不把椅子向后移一下好看得更清楚點兒?2）.推遲, 耽擱 The accident has set them back several weeks.那次事故已使他們耽擱了幾個星期。3）.撥慢 I'll set my watch back five minutes.我要把我的表撥慢五

39、分鐘。4）.花費 The dinner set me back 50 dollars.晚飯花了我50美元。(2). conj. as 此處引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“象一樣，按照”Eg. The workers just carried out the order as they were told.as 用作連詞，還可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句：1). 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，強調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語的同時性As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 隨著他年紀(jì)越來越大，他失去了對所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。2). 引導(dǎo)讓步

40、狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝）Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥只穿了一件襯衫。3). 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，“由于，因為”。As you were not there, I left a message. 因為當(dāng)時你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。4) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。練習(xí) 中譯英1. 隨著年齡的增長我越來越對科學(xué)感興趣。2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。3. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但考試還是沒及格。 答案： 1.

41、As l get older l get more interested in science 2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat 3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam(3). 此處do為代動詞，代替前面的set down a series of facts, 以免重復(fù)?！军c撥】：代動詞do/does/did用來代替前面所出現(xiàn)過的動詞或者動詞短語，以免重復(fù)。Eg. Please pronounce the word as I do. Tom can cook

42、 as well as Mary does. -Who broke the cup - I did.8. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 這是一個復(fù)雜的長難句。(1). 句型I wonder if/whether“我不知道是否”常用來委婉地提出請求或者陳述想法。Eg. I wonder if you can help me with my pronunciation.(

43、2). 強調(diào)句型：It is/was + 被強調(diào)部分（主語、賓語、狀語）+ that/who + 其他部分（強調(diào)人時可用that/who; 其他成分一律用that）Eg. My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 下面對上句中的主語，賓語，地點狀語，時間狀語分別進行強調(diào)： It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.（強調(diào)主語） It was the experiment that my father did in

44、the lab yesterday evening. （強調(diào)賓語） It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. （強調(diào)地點狀語） It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （強調(diào)時間狀語）又如：It is I that/who am wrong. 文中句子強調(diào)的是由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。強調(diào)原因狀語從句時，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不能用since/as.Eg. It was becau

45、se she was ill that she didnt come to work.強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句和特殊疑問句形式：一般疑問句的強調(diào)形式，只需將is/ was 提前，移至句首即可，即：Is/ Was it that 。特殊疑問句的強調(diào)形式，須將陳述句變成一般疑問句，再在句首加上疑問詞，即：疑問詞（被強調(diào)部分）is/was + it + that + 句子其余部分It was last year that the building was completed.改為一般疑問句 ： Was it last year that the building was completed?改為特殊疑問

46、句 When was it that the building was completed?(3) be able to 表示設(shè)法做成某事 can/could 僅表能力eg. Everyone is able to speak English very well after practicing. Man can make tools while animals cant.例題：The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone go out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able t

47、o答案：【D】(4). grow/be crazy about/on (doing) sth.對十分狂熱，對十分癡迷Eg. Young girls and boys are crazy about rock music. She is crazy about painting these days.(5). everything to do with nature（不定式作后置定語）= everything that is to do with nature be to do with 與有關(guān)eg. Her job is to do with computers. have sth. to d

48、o with 與有關(guān) have nothing to do withhave much/a lot to do with have little to do witheg. Does her job have anything to do with telephones?(6). nature n. 自然界，大自然（前面不加冠詞）Eg. Its important for us to keep the balance of nature.7. I can well remember that there was a time whencould never have kept me spell

49、bound.(1). well adv. = completely, thoroughly 完全地，充分地，徹底地Eg. I know him well. Shake the bottle well before you take the medicine.(2). there was a time when是一個定語從句。(3). cant/couldnt have done 過去不可能做過某事（表示對過去情況的否定推測）Eg. He couldnt have gone abroad. I saw him just now.(4). keep 使役動詞，“使保持某種狀態(tài)”，后接復(fù)合賓語，即：

50、 keep + 賓語 + 賓補( v-ing/過去分詞/adj./adv./介詞短語/n.)eg. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. Dont open the door. Keep it closed. Keep him out. His illness kept him in bed for a week. Please keep it a secret.10. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon

51、 by myself. (1) stay link-v. = keep/remain保持某種狀態(tài) （后接adj./n.做表語） Eg. Stores in this country stay open until 12 oclock at night. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge It will stay fresh for several days. They stay friends for years.(2). on purpose 故意地（反義詞組為by chance/by accident偶然地）Eg. Everybody can

52、see that she did it on purpose. on purpose to do sth. 為了 eg. He went to town on purpose to sell one of his paintings. with/for the purpose of 為了 的目的eg. He does it with the purpose of making money.(3). in order to do sth.（做目的狀語,可放在句首或者句中）= so as to do sth.（只能放在句中）Eg. He started early in order not to

53、be late. In order to get up early, he had to set his clock at six. in order to 用作目的狀語時，不定式的邏輯主語和句子的主語通常要一致。 In order to make our city green, . is necessary to have planted more trees B. many trees need to plantC. our city need more trees D. we must plant more trees(4). by oneself 獨自地11. But as the m

54、oon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.(1). far adv. 表示程度“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，大大地，得多”Eg. He is far too busy. ( far too 太) It was far more expensive than I expected. ( 修飾比較級 )(2). too much與 much too too much 太多（在句中可做主語、賓語、定語、表語、狀語） much too 實在太（做狀語，修飾adj./adv.）eg. Too much has been said. You have gi

55、ven me too much. He has wasted too much time. The trip is too much for the old man. ( be too much for sb. 太某人受不了) She talks too much. （ too much做狀語，只修飾動詞） I dont like winter because its much too cold. She speaks English much too fluently.(3). dare 既可做情態(tài)動詞又可做實義動詞，作情態(tài)動詞時，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時態(tài)變化；作行為動詞時，后接to do

56、, 否定句和疑問句中to可省略。Eg. I/She dare not climb the mountain. Dare you tell her the truth? He dares to do anything. The boy dared to climb the tall tree. I didnt dare (to) look at him.Do you dare (to) fight him 12. happen to do sth. 碰巧It (so) happens/happened that 碰巧Eg. She happened to meet him in the park that day. = It happened that she met him in the park that day. sth. happens to sb. 某人發(fā)生什么事情eg. An accident happened to that family.13. at dusk在黃昏時刻 at dawn在黎明 at night在夜里 at midnight在午夜 at noon在中午 14. in ones power 在某人控制下eg. His wife has him in her poewr. 她妻子控制著他。15. face