高考英語閱讀題型及題技巧全方位解析

1、常見問題形式有：常見問題形式有：Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned exceptJack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and t

2、hat he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.根據(jù)解釋確定詞義根據(jù)解釋確定詞義技巧技巧 1技巧技巧 2技巧技巧 3不知疲倦的不知疲倦的技巧技巧 4技巧技巧 4技巧技巧常見問題形式常見問題形式:1. It can be inferred/conclud

3、ed from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _4. We can conclude that_.5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_.6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?辨認三種作者使用的表達情感、態(tài)度及觀點的詞辨認

4、三種作者使用的表達情感、態(tài)度及觀點的詞匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。匯，以及承接上下文的連接詞。貶義：貶義：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment褒義褒義: positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring中立中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested, Definition2. 議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)議論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

5、技巧技巧如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題 做此類題目時，首先要搞清的是問某一段做此類題目時，首先要搞清的是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，中心詞，即高頻詞，也

6、叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。一、題型特點一、題型特點 這類試題主要考查學生把握全文主題主題和理解中心思想中心思想的能力，也包括分析歸納文章的段段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征、環(huán)境特點的能力。這種試題要求考生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心句主題和中心句；要求能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，難度較大，屬于高層次題。1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smo

7、king can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant c

8、old or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be

9、trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearanceSome students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like

10、 a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go

11、to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and th

12、en they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale This sales method is called “bait and switch”.(detai

13、l)(detail)(detail)detaildetaildetailTypes Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso, therefore,特別注意：特別注意：文章中的文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等詞。它們通常是引出中心主等詞。它們通常是引出中心主旨的方向詞。而旨的方向詞。而for exam

14、ple, first, or to begin with等是引出細節(jié)的信息詞，等是引出細節(jié)的信息詞，在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。 Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental li

15、steners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ

16、). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children

17、s department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the

18、last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Example and success of the programHow to get the main idea of a passage? Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their

19、literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program

20、 in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of re

21、ading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Satur

22、day-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.Example and success of the p

23、rogram59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea小試身手：6 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took the

24、m more than two years to do so by ship. 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often th

25、ey could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued thei

26、r voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a hug

27、e ball. 1. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world . 2. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships

28、 and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even

29、 had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,

30、1521, seven out of every eight men had died.1. time2. ships and people3. route4. Sufferingsand difficultiesa. Lack of food and freshwaterb. Hunger and diseases c. DeathsThe process of Magellans long difficult voyage5. success 3. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that o

31、ur earth is but a huge ball. Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round. Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five

32、 ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. The

33、y even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on Decemb

34、er 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Para 1: Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .Para 2: The process of Magellans long difficult voyagePara 3: Magellans voyage proved th

35、e earth is round.Magellans voyage6 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the t

36、rip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally

37、 in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight m

38、en had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellans Voyage(too narrow)(too narrow)(too

39、broad)(proper)遵循遵循 四字原則四字原則:用精煉的語言概括出文章的中心思想用精煉的語言概括出文章的中心思想要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延要注意文章的內(nèi)涵和外延, 把作者的觀點準確地把作者的觀點準確地表達出來表達出來. 要排除掉那些片面的選項要排除掉那些片面的選項, 選取包含文章的主要選取包含文章的主要內(nèi)容及作者觀點的選項內(nèi)容及作者觀點的選項, 范圍不宜過大或過小范圍不宜過大或過小.所選擇的標題要新穎所選擇的標題要新穎,對讀者有吸引力對讀者有吸引力, 能激發(fā)讀能激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣者的閱讀興趣.應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)試技巧 1.主題句的特點主題句的特點 主題句所表達的意思具有概括性主題句所表達的意思具有

40、概括性句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單明了句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單明了, 作者一般不會作者一般不會采用長句或結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子作為文采用長句或結(jié)構(gòu)復雜的句子作為文章的主題句章的主題句 文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題文章或段落的其他句子都是對主題句的進一步解釋句的進一步解釋,說明說明,論證或擴展論證或擴展. 一一.文首找主題句文首找主題句,提煉文章標題提煉文章標題 新聞報道新聞報道, 說明文說明文,議論文議論文二二: 文尾找主題句文尾找主題句, 提煉標題或歸納大意提煉標題或歸納大意.議論文議論文 總總-分分-總總?cè)? 首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)展現(xiàn)主題句, 瞻前顧后歸納大意瞻前顧后歸納大意.四四: 整合每一段的主題句整合每一段的

41、主題句,歸納大意歸納大意五五: 從段落中從段落中歸納要點歸納要點抓大意抓大意. 有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句, 只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題題. 這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實事實或提供的或提供的線索線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意來概括總結(jié)主旨大意2. 主題句的位置主題句的位置 3. 選項分析選項分析正確選項的特點正確選項的特點 含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語含有抽象名詞和概括性詞語. 四個選項中四個選項中, 含有含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, b

42、oth, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等詞的選等詞的選項一般是正確選項項一般是正確選項. 四個選項中四個選項中, 內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個選項內(nèi)容相近或完全相反的兩個選項中往往有一個是正確選項中往往有一個是正確選項 那些概括全文那些概括全文, 內(nèi)容全面內(nèi)容全面, 含義深刻含義深刻, 說明道理說明道理的選項一般是答案項的選項一般是答案項, 而選項內(nèi)容片面而選項內(nèi)容片面, 單一的單一的內(nèi)容一般是錯誤選項內(nèi)容一般是錯誤選項. 錯誤選項的特點錯誤選項的特點 以偏概全以偏概全. 只是局部信息只是局部信息,

43、 或是一句沒或是一句沒有展開論述的話有展開論述的話. 過于籠統(tǒng)過于籠統(tǒng). 即歸納的主題太泛即歸納的主題太泛, 與細節(jié)與細節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對細節(jié)加以充分論述脫節(jié)或是沒有對細節(jié)加以充分論述. 把觀點強加與作者把觀點強加與作者. 讀者往往根據(jù)自己讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識對文章進行判斷而忽視了作者的常識對文章進行判斷而忽視了作者的見解的見解. 無關(guān)信息無關(guān)信息, 既在文章中沒有提到或找不既在文章中沒有提到或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息到語言依據(jù)的信息 從前面所述可知，查找主旨、標題時，我們要學習識從前面所述可知，查找主旨、標題時，我們要學習識別文章中最基本別文章中最基本, 最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概

44、最具有概括力的信息。這種信息應(yīng)能歸納和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。括文中其它信息所具有的共性。 例例1：Choose the most general word.A) chemist B) physicist C) scientist D) biologist 該問題要求找出最有概括力的詞。該問題要求找出最有概括力的詞。C scientist 符合題意符合題意, 因為它包因為它包括了括了 chemist, physicist和和biologist, 而而A, B和和D 都指某一具體學都指某一具體學科的科學家科的科學家, 不能概括其他詞。因此不能概括其他詞。因此, scientist 最具有概

45、括性最具有概括性。 例例2：Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of extra services at the Gloriet

46、ta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. A, C, D都是從不同的側(cè)面說明旅館的服務(wù)情況都是從不同的側(cè)面說明旅館的服務(wù)情況, 相互相互間并無聯(lián)系。而間并無聯(lián)系。而B卻概括了卻概括了A, C, D共性的東西共性的東西, 即：為什即：為什么旅客在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺。因此么旅客在這家旅館里有賓至如歸的感覺。因此, B符合題符合題意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上意。倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A, B, C, D 幾條信息幾條信息, 那么那么 B 就是本段的中心思想。同樣就是本段的中心思想。同樣, 如果在一段文章中如果在一段文章中, 作者分幾段來敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容作者分

47、幾段來敘述幾方面的內(nèi)容, 那這些段落所要說明的那這些段落所要說明的問題就是本文的中心思想。問題就是本文的中心思想。 例例3：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas of the passage. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, cert

48、ain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A) Economic Principles B) Law of Supply and Demand C) More Good