譯林版9年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)教案課件-第6課-中考閱讀專題推理判斷題

1、中考閱讀專題：推理判斷題所謂推理判斷題 ,就是指那些針對(duì)文章所隱含的內(nèi)容、作者未言明的觀點(diǎn)或含蓄表達(dá)的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度所設(shè)置的問(wèn)題。這類題主要考查同學(xué)們概括、 歸納、比較、推理等綜合能力。要求同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫馊牡幕A(chǔ)上對(duì)文章中未做明確交待的細(xì)節(jié)、段落的主旨、 作者的態(tài)度等方面進(jìn)行高度概括或判斷。推理判斷題要求考生不僅能夠理解文章的字面內(nèi)容 ,而且能據(jù)此對(duì)文章的深層內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行解讀 ,屬于閱讀理解題中較難把握的題型。推論判斷題的題干表現(xiàn)形式推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。如 :The authorimplies (suggests) that _

2、.It can be inferred from the passagethat _.Thelast paragraph indicates that _.The passage suggests that _.It may beconcluded from the passagethat _.From the last paragraph we can infer that_.The author may agree with _.The author s attitude towards postmodernart can be described as _.In writing this

3、 passage, the author mainly intends to_.推理判斷題的解答解答推理判斷題的關(guān)鍵是把握文章內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系 ,做好深層理解。在實(shí)際閱讀中 ,有時(shí)作者并未把寫(xiě)作意圖明確表達(dá)出來(lái) ,同學(xué)們要根據(jù)字面意思 ,把握上下文邏輯關(guān)系 ,研究細(xì)節(jié)中隱含的暗示 ,推敲作者的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度 ,理解文章的內(nèi)涵意義。這就是通常所說(shuō)的深層理解。 深層理解是一種主動(dòng)的、 創(chuàng)造性的思維活動(dòng) , 它必須以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù) ,立足已知推斷未知 ,不能憑空想象 ,隨意揣測(cè)；它要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理 ,不能就事論事 , 以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思 ,推理才有

4、前提和基礎(chǔ)。下面我們以例題來(lái)分析推理判斷題的各類題型及解題思路。(1) 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題例 1:The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain(鏈條 ) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. Th

5、ere are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.There is one degree of separation when just one person separatessomeone from a person he or she does not know. Ben knows his mom, but he hasnmet

6、t her close friend Amy. Therefore, Ben is one degree away from Amy. As the chain continues, Amy s uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees, and his father is four degrees. Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben. ( 北京卷 C 篇)1. What is the small-world theory mainly about? A. How far Be

7、n is away from Dr. King.B. How many people one can get to know.C. How people are connected in the world.D. How the degrees of separation are set up.【分析】試題問(wèn) :小世界 理論指的是什么？根據(jù)首句 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain ( 鏈條 ) of people they know. 可推斷出 ,小世

8、界理論 主要是指世人是如何被聯(lián)系在一起的。故選 C。(2) 數(shù)字運(yùn)算推斷題例 2:WHERE TO STAY IN BOSWELL? TOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTELS FIRST HOTEL Address: 222Edward RoadTelephone: 414-6433The number of rooms: 120Single room: $25 Double room: $35Special attractions: Air-conditioned rooms. French restaurant. Swimming pool. Shops. Coffee

9、shop and bar. Telephone, radio and television in each room. Close to the city center.FAIRVIEW HOTEL Address: 129 North RoadTelephone: 591-5620The number of rooms: 50Single room: $12 Double: $18Special attractions: Close to the airport. Telephone in each room. Bar. Restaurant.Garage. Swimming pool.OR

10、CHARD HOTEL Address: 233 Edward RoadTelephone: 641-6446The number of rooms: 120Single room: $15 Double: $20Special attractions: Facing First Hotel. European restaurant. Coffee shop. Television.Nightclub.OSAKE HOTEL Address: 1264 Venning RoadTelephone: 643-8200The number of rooms: 180Single room: $30

11、 Double: $50Special attractions: Air-conditionedrooms. Japanese and Chinese restaurants.Swimming pool. Large garden. Shops.( 荊州卷 A 篇)2. The total number of the room in the best hotels in Boswell is_.A. 120 B. 170 C. 290 D. 470【分析】題目問(wèn) Boswell 最好的旅館房間的總數(shù)是多少。 從標(biāo)題可知文中四個(gè)旅館就是 Boswell 最好的旅館。將這四個(gè)旅館的房間總數(shù)相加就是

12、最好旅館房間的總數(shù)。故選 D。(3) 段落主旨推斷例 3:Scientists and others have written books about the meanings of dreams. The most famous of these scientists was Sigmund Freud who wrote over a hundred years ago. He suggested different meanings to certain kinds of dreams. It is possible, however, that every dream has a sp

13、ecial meaning only for the person who dreams it, and thatthis meaning is about something in that person天津卷 sClife篇.)(3. What is the main idea of Paragraph Four? A. Bad dreams.B. The meanings of dreams. C. People and their dreams.【分析】試題問(wèn)文章第四段主要講的是什么。通過(guò)本段的最后一句話It is possible, however, that every dream

14、 has a special meaning only for the personwho dreams it, and that this meaning is about something in that person推斷出全段的大意。故選B。即可s以life.(4) 作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷例 4:On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1,200 students i

15、n the school. Usually only 20 students break the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.At Morton High School, students favoriteclothing such as baggy(寬大的 ) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops(緊身短背心 ) are not allowed in c

16、lass-rooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear, but the headmaster doesnthink so. I d be supportive if half the school was sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education. Freedomdoes not mean free ofrestrictions(約束 ). That is to say there is

17、no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. (2008長(zhǎng)沙卷 A 篇)4. What s the writer s態(tài)attitude(度)tothe school dress rule?A. Agree. B. Disagree (不同意 ).C. Not sure.【分析】題目問(wèn)作者對(duì)于學(xué)校的著裝規(guī)定持怎樣的態(tài)度？從最后一句話That is tosay there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China. 可以推知作者

18、認(rèn)為沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的自由,他贊同學(xué)校對(duì)著裝的規(guī)定。故選A 。后記 :推理判斷類題一般無(wú)法從原文中找到答案的出處,但這類題目一般都與文章或某個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容相關(guān)。同學(xué)們?cè)诮獯疬@類題時(shí),讀懂文章是基礎(chǔ) ,結(jié)合題目對(duì)相關(guān)段落進(jìn)行深層理解是關(guān)鍵。需要特別指出的是,有時(shí)對(duì)文章的理解不能僅局限于個(gè)別相關(guān)段落 ,還需要結(jié)合全文的語(yǔ)篇背景才能做出正確的選擇。小試牛刀1Larry, as your director, I must say it beens very interesting working with you,Miss Valdez said. However, it seems that our comp

19、any needs and your performance are not very well matched. There-fore I am very sad to have to ask you to leave today.What does Miss Valdez mainly want to say to Larry?A. She enjoys working with him.B. He has to leave the company.C. She is happy for his good performance.D. She ll be sad if he leaves

20、the company.Note: match v.與 相配；相一致2Megan has to finish her homework before bedtime or her teacher will be angry.This is because she didn t hand in her homework last time. Now she still has to do her math homework and it will take at least an hour to complete. She sighs and says, I been working really hard since right after dinner!We know from the passagethat_.A. Megan has