年中考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)

1、1 / 9第8頁(yè)共9頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句請(qǐng)看下面的句子：I want to know the boy who is the tallest.二一 -一 1句子做定語(yǔ)修飾 boy（一）概念：定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。（二）定語(yǔ)從句的分類I、限定性定語(yǔ)從句：從句不可少，沒(méi)有它，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整。與先行詞之間不用逗號(hào)。e.g:This is the book that/which I want.從句n、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，沒(méi)有它不會(huì)影響先行詞或主句意思的完整性。般用逗號(hào)同主句分

2、開。e.g:Mr. Green, who is watching TV , is my uncle.（三）（限定性）定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)Mary is a girl who has 10ng hair.X *先行詞 關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Twhich, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when, why（四）定語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)：二句合一（合并條件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Mary is a girl.合并為一個(gè)句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行詞）-舍（舍去與先行詞互指的詞）-替（用關(guān)系詞代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who

3、/that has long hair.請(qǐng)把下列句子二句合一1 . I saw the man. He closed the door2 .The girl is happy. She won the race3 .The man called the police . His wallet was stolen（五）定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的確定a.先行詞的分類b.先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?先行詞做主語(yǔ)who/thatwhich/that2先行詞做賓語(yǔ)who/whom/that which/that3先行詞做定語(yǔ)一-一-一t人：whose物： whose/of which4 .先行詞做狀語(yǔ)：when,

4、 where, whywho, whom, whose, that 用法區(qū)另1J .who /that作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) .The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.做題思路：先分解一一分析一一再合并分解The man is a worker.<_The man is speaking at the meeting.作主語(yǔ)Whom /that作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)The woman ( whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解The woman is a teache

5、r.They wanted to visit the woman. r 作賓語(yǔ)注意：關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略.whose作定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ).I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.f The girl' s mother is a teacher.作定語(yǔ)小結(jié)：關(guān)系詞判斷步驟首先，要辨別出先行詞。如果先行詞是指人，關(guān)系詞可能就用 who, that whom, whose。如果先行詞指物關(guān)系詞可能用 which或that然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表先行詞主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)人who, thatwho(m

6、), thatwhose物which, thatwhich, thatwhose, of which鞏固練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)代關(guān)系詞填空1. I have a friend likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress I gave her.3. The man leg broke in a match used to be a football player.(六)只能用that,不能用which的情況：(1)先行詞為 all, everything, anything, nothing

7、, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one 等不定代詞時(shí);(2)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of等修飾時(shí)：(3)先行詞為數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞(含last修飾時(shí)。(4)先行詞是并列詞組既有人又有物時(shí)。(5)在以who, which開頭的句子中為了避免重復(fù)?？谠E：不定代詞這一伙，全用 that準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)先行詞前有修飾，千萬(wàn)不能用which.請(qǐng)?jiān)谝韵吕渲畜w會(huì)以上規(guī)則：1 . Here is something that I wil

8、l tell you.2 .We haven ' t got much that we can offer you.3 . Is it the one that you want ?4 .This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5 . I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6 .Which is the bike that you lost?7 .Who is the woman that was praised at the

9、meeting?(七)只能使用which的情況1 .關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)；2 .先行詞本身是that時(shí)；3 .非限定定語(yǔ)從句口訣:要有which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。e.g:1.Thisisthe classroom in which we studied for two year.2.She has two dolls, which arefrom her parents【定語(yǔ)從句命題趨勢(shì)與預(yù)測(cè)】根據(jù)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句部分全國(guó)各省市中考試題的分析可知，今后該部分仍將是重點(diǎn)考查點(diǎn)之一。其考查重點(diǎn)為:1 .定語(yǔ)從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)2 .關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用3 .各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法【考點(diǎn)詮釋

10、】一、考查以that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1 .通常只能用that的情況1) 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything 等時(shí)。2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)以及被a11, any, every, each, few , little , no, some,the only. the very. the last 等修飾時(shí)。3)如果先行詞既指人又指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that?！究祭?Without friendship, one can't be happy although

11、 he is rich enough. As for me, I will never forget the days_ I spent with my dearest friend. 哈爾濱市A. thatB. whenC. who答案A。解析在定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞who(指人)which(指物)that(指人或物)。由先行詞the days作spent的賓語(yǔ)可判定用that引導(dǎo)。2 .通常只用 which的情況(1)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，用關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。(2)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而且先行詞指物時(shí)只能用which ,不用that。(3)如果句中有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，如果

12、兩個(gè)從句都可以用that引導(dǎo)，那么其中一個(gè)應(yīng)改用which引導(dǎo)?！究祭?Many young people love the songs have great lyrics. 成都市A. whoB. thoseC. which答案C。解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有which , who, where, that,故排除B, who指人，又排除了 A,先行詞是物，故選 Co二、考查以 who , whom 與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)如果先行詞是指人的不定代詞anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody

13、,one, ones, those, all(指人)等作先行詞，作主語(yǔ)用who,作賓語(yǔ)用 whom。who而不用which。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，指人作主語(yǔ)用 who,作賓語(yǔ)用whom , who。在定語(yǔ)從句中，作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只能用whose,它相當(dāng)于the+名詞+of +which/whom ;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中還有“代詞/數(shù)詞+of +which/whom"結(jié)構(gòu)。【考例 The man gave us a talk on science yesterday is a famous scientist.廣東省A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom答案A。

14、解析本題考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。先行詞為 the man,指人，排除which;連接代詞在從句中 作主語(yǔ)，排除 whose和whom。故本題選 who。-Do you know the man _is running along the street?-Yes. He is our English teacher.長(zhǎng)沙市A. whoB. whichC. whom答案A。解析考查定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句，如果修飾人，一般用關(guān)系who,有時(shí)用that(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用who較多)。三、考查關(guān)系副詞 where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句它們相當(dāng)于 “介詞 +which", 其中 where

15、=in/at +which ; when=at/in/during +which ; why=for +which 。(1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。(2)關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。（3）關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞?！究祭浚?009 名帛陽(yáng)中考 ）Disney is an amusement park you can find all the normal attractions and Di

16、sneymovies and characters.A. which B. where C. that D . when答案：B點(diǎn)撥：此題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為an amusement park指地點(diǎn)，故關(guān)系詞用 where。五、對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物，用“介詞 +which”，指人則用“介詞+whom”,且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則：根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定；根據(jù)先行詞的特殊用法 而定?！究祭緿o you know the y

17、oung lady your mother is talking?（ 湖北黃石）A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which答案:C命題立意:本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。試題解析:先行詞為the young lady ,被關(guān)系代詞 whom代替在從句中作 talk with的賓語(yǔ)，介詞 with可 以放在關(guān)系代詞之前，故應(yīng)選 Co【語(yǔ)法回顧】在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞（ that, which, who, whom, whose ）或關(guān)系副詞（wh

18、en, where）,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系的作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞、副詞作用先行詞例句that, who,主語(yǔ)、賓人Do you know the girl who/that is standing under awhom（只做賓 語(yǔ)）語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)tree?你知道站在樹下白女孩是誰(shuí)嗎？that, which主語(yǔ)、賓物、時(shí)She got a computer which /that her parents bought for間、地her.語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)她有一臺(tái)她的父母買給她的電腦。點(diǎn)、原因whose定語(yǔ)人物The boy whose father is

19、a doctor studies very hard .他的 爸爸是醫(yī)生的男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?。The classroom whose window is open is mine . 窗戶開 著的那個(gè)教室是我的教室。when狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing .我 仍然記得你去北京的那一天。where狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)This is the school where my mother works . 這就是我媽媽工作的學(xué)校。why狀語(yǔ)原因Could you explain the reason why you were late

20、?你能 解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎？、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法（關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略）：1. that指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。This is the pen that you are looking for.這是你要找的那支鋼筆。（賓語(yǔ)）The girl that has long hair is my sister.留著長(zhǎng)發(fā)的那個(gè)女孩是我妹妹。（主語(yǔ)）2. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津產(chǎn)的自行車銷售很好。（主語(yǔ)）The fish which we bought were

21、 not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。（賓語(yǔ)）3. who, whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗戶的男孩叫 Tom.（主語(yǔ)）The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他談話的那個(gè)人是我父親。（賓語(yǔ)）4. whose指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新書包的那個(gè)女孩叫Ann。（指人）He lives in a house whose widows open to t

22、he south.他住在窗戶朝南的那所房子。（指物）三、只用 which不用that的情況：1 .在介詞后只用 which ,不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.這是那所發(fā)生搶劫案的銀行。2 .先行詞本身是 that時(shí)，只能用 which ,不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.鐘表是用來(lái)報(bào)時(shí)的。四、只用that不用which的情況：1 .先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I

23、have seen.這是我所見過(guò)的最美麗的山。2 .先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我讀的第一本英文小說(shuō)是39 級(jí)臺(tái)階。3 .先行詞前有 all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修飾詞時(shí)只能用that。Here are副the books that I have. 這就是我所有的書。This is the only book that I like.這是我唯一喜歡的一本書。4 .先行詞是 e

24、verything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代詞時(shí)， 只能用 that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的東西。5 .先行詞同時(shí)含有“人”和“物”的名詞時(shí)，只能用 that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能記得我在房間里看至U的人和些圖畫。6 .先行詞是the one時(shí)，只能用that。Thi

25、s is the one that you want.這就是你想要的。7 .在以who引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句后，為了避免重復(fù)，只能用 that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)？五、在介詞后只能用 whom ,不能用 who。The girl to whom I talked just now is from America.我剛剛與之談話的那個(gè)女孩是來(lái)自美國(guó)的。六、定語(yǔ)從句中主謂一致的問(wèn)題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致（我們要知道，關(guān)系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個(gè)等量關(guān)系）。

26、Tom is one of the boys who_are from the USA. Tom 是眾多來(lái)自美國(guó)的男孩中的一個(gè)。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom 是惟一從美國(guó)來(lái)的男孩。七、定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞與副詞的問(wèn)題：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要加介詞或副詞。（定語(yǔ)從句中的不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成固定的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后，不能把介詞或副詞提前到關(guān)系代詞前。）He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€(gè)老人。Th

27、at is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的書。八、關(guān)系副詞 when與where的使用：1. when指時(shí)間:I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)的那段時(shí)光。2. where 指地點(diǎn)（where=in 等介詞+ which）:This is the house where（=in which） he lived last year. 這是他去年住的房子。九、定語(yǔ)從句與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換：She ha

28、s much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有許多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the caNs Mr. Green. 在車上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在澆花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has come back to l

29、ife.= The boy who was saved in the river has come back to life. 從河 里救起的男孩蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)了?！径ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中考真題演練】1、There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.（河北省卷 ）A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose2、Jim dislikes people talk much but never do anything.（吉林省通化市）A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who3、一 I hear Sam has gone to

30、Qiandiao for his holiday.（江蘇省南京市）-Oh,how nice!Do you know when he?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left4、We are tryingto help those children lost their parentsin Yushu , Qinghai Province.（ 浙江省衢州市）A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose5、Do you know the girl is singing in the classroom?（湖南長(zhǎng)沙）A.whoB.whichC.wh

31、en6、 The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.（江蘇省揚(yáng)州市）-Yes.They are helping the people are suffering from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question I asked you this morning?（四川省成都市）A.whenB.whatC.that8、Friends are those make you smile, always open their hear

32、ts to you and encourage you to succeed.（河南?。〢 whichB whatC whomD who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year HongKong was returned to China.（湖北省十堰市）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when10、This is the school I studied three years ago.（山東省荷澤市）A. where B. when C. that D. which11、What do you usually do in your le

33、isure time?（黑龍江省哈爾濱市）I enjoy reading in the library I lose myself in a world of good books.A. whichB. thatC. where12、一 The village I visited last year has changed a lot.（福建省福州市）-Really?I hope to go there on day.A.thatB.whoC.when13、 This is my beautiful school is near the famous library.（廣西省桂林市）A. wh

34、ereB. whichC. whoD. when14、The old woman is wearing a pair of glasses Mrs. Black.（黑龍江省雞西市）A. which, areB. who, areC. who, is15、Do you like music makes you relaxed?（廣西省定西市）A. itB. whatC. whoD. that【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1. -Do you like the pop singer?-No, I prefer the singer can sing folk music.A. whichB. whoC. where

35、D. how2. The man is wearing a blue jacket is Jim's uncle.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /3. Do you know the young lady your mother is talking?A. whoB. whomC. with whomD. which4. -Does the teacher know everybody planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. who5. The letter I received from him yesterday is very important.A. whoB. whereC. whatD. that6. -Where is the scientist gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whomB. whoC. whoseD. which7. I hate people talk much but do little.A. whoseB. whomC. whichD. who8. I'm looking at the photograph you se