語法專題八主謂一致

1、學習必備歡迎下載專題八主謂一致和特殊句式 主謂一致的考查要點1 就近一致原則(1)由 or， not only.but also. ， neither.nor.， either.or.， whether.or.， not.but.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，通常根據就近一致原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there 引導一個句子而主語又不止一個時，通常根據就近原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。Here is

2、 a ruler ，a few pencils and two copybooks.2意義一致原則(1)謂語動詞必須用單數的情況表示學科的名詞以及works( 工廠 )，news(消息 )等作主語時，雖然本身為復數形式，但表示單數意義時，謂語動詞仍用單數。Politics is his favorite subject.表示某些組織機構的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時，雖然形式上是復數，但所表示的意義是單數，所以謂語動詞用單數。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)謂語動詞必須用復數的情況表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，

3、police ， public ， cattle 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。The police are searching for the murderer.(3)謂語動詞的形式依據主語表示的意義而定集體名詞，如family ， class， group， team，club ，company， government， population 等作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據其在語境中表示的意義而定。當其表示集體意義，強調整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數； 當其表示集體中各個組成部分，強調個體概念時， 謂語動詞用復數。As far as I know ， his family is not very

4、 large but the family are all music lovers.“ the形容詞 /分詞”表示“一類人”時，謂語動詞用復數。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.3語法一致原則(1)由 and 連接的兩個名詞作主語“ a/the名詞單數 and名詞單數”表示一個人(雙重身份 )，謂語動詞用單數。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.“ a/the 名詞單數and a/ the名詞單數”表示兩個人，謂語動詞用復數。題組訓練語法填空學習必備歡迎

5、下載The teacher and the poet have just arrived.“ every名詞單數and every名詞單數”表示每一個人，謂語動詞用單數。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. 通常由兩個部件組成的物品如： a knife and fork ( 一副刀叉 )等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。Bread and butter is not to his taste.(2)表示時間、數量、長度及價格的名詞，盡管有時是復數形式但常被看作是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數形

6、式。Is fifty pounds enough?(3)“分數 /百分數 of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據of 后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數名詞復數，謂語動詞用復數形式；如果名詞是單數可數名詞或不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。Two- thirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.11 The writer and translator is(be) delivering a speech in our school now.2 He or I am(be) to go.3

7、 Are(be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?4 Ten years is(be) a moment in history.5 A third of his compositions have(have) been corrected.6 The unknown is(be) always something to be feared. 倒裝句的考查要點1 全部倒裝(1)在 There be/seem/ appear/live/ stand/lie/ fly /exist

8、/ remain 等存在句中。Look ， there s that bookshop I was telling you about.(2)表示時間、地點和動作轉移的副詞如here， there， now， then，up， down ，in ， away，out等置于句首，主語是名詞而不是代詞時，用完全倒裝。此時，句子多用一般現在時或一般過去時。There goes the phone.I ll answer it.(3)such 作表語置于句首時。Such was Albert Einstein ， a simple man but the 20th century s greatest

9、 scientist.(4)直接引語的全部或部分位于句首時?！?If you die ， who will get your money ？” asked Holmes.(5)表示地點的介詞短語位于句首時。In the center of the square stands a monument.May you succeed!(9)“ may動詞原形”表示祝愿，通常把學習必備歡迎下載(6)為平衡句子結構，或使上下文銜接緊密，而將作表語的介詞短語、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，引起倒裝。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had t

10、o use foreign oil.2部分倒裝在下列幾種情況下，只把助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前，構成部分倒裝。(1)little ，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly ，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances， in no case 等表示否定意義的單詞或短語位于句首時。Little does he care about what others think.(2)在 not.until. ，no sooner.than.，scarcely/hardly.when. ，not only

11、.but also. ，neither.nor.等句式中。Neither does he drink nor smoke.(3)當 only 修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句位于句首時。Only then did I find I had made a mistake.(4)在 so/such.that. 從句中，當so形容詞 / 副詞或such名詞位于句首時。So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5)當表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時，常用“so/as be動詞 / 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語”，表示“也是”。Times h

12、ave changed and so have I.(6)當 neither， nor 位于句首，表示前面否定的內容也適用于另一個人或事物時，常用“ neither/nor be 動詞 / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞主語”，表示“也不”。They couldn t understand it at that time ， and nor could we.(7)省略 if 的虛擬條件句，把助動詞were， had， should 提到主語前面。Had it not been for your help ， we shouldn t have achieved so much.(8)as 和 thou

13、gh 引導的讓步狀語從句。Try as she might ， Sue couldn t get the door open.may 置于句首，構成倒裝語序。題組訓練21 Successful as he is (他雖然 (as)成功 )， he is not proud.2 Only when he reached the teahouse did he realize(他才意識到 ) it was the same place he d been in last year.3 It s nice.Never before have I had such a special drink( 我

14、以前從沒喝過這么特別的飲料)! I m glad you like it.4 Up jumped the cat( 貓?zhí)饋?) and caught the mouse.5 Not until he finished his work did he go home(他才回家 )學習必備歡迎下載 強調句的考查要點1 使用助動詞do， does 和 did 對謂語動詞進行強調。First impressions really do count.2運用強調句型來強調除謂語動詞以外的其他句子成分。強調句型的基本句型結構為：It is/was 被強調部分that/ who其他成分。 可用來強調句子的主

15、語、賓語、狀語、表語、同位語等成分。在復習強調句型時，要注意以下幾個方面：(1)強調句型中的主謂一致在強調句型中，當對陳述句中的主語進行強調時，無論被強調的主語是單數還是復數，主句中的謂語動詞都要用單數形式It is/was. ，同時， that 從句中的謂語動詞要與被強調的主語在人稱和數方面保持一致。It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(2)當對地點狀語、 時間狀語或其他狀語從句進行強調時， 只能用連接詞 that，而不能用 where，when， why 或 how 等。It was on August 8,

16、2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)強調句型的疑問句在強調句中，無論被強調部分是什么句子成分，變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，都須將主句改為疑問語序，即將“ It is/was 被強調部分that 其他成分 ”改為 “Is/Was it被強調部分that其他成分？”或“疑問詞is/was it that其他成分？”結構。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind?(4

17、)在對 not.until. 結構中的until 時間狀語或時間狀語從句進行強調時，要將句中的not移至until 之前，構成： It is/was not until.that. 。注意 that 從句中的謂語動詞要變成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒裝語序。I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.題組

18、訓練31Was it on a lonely island that( 是在一個荒涼的島上) he was saved one month after the boat wentdown?2 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that(不是我們做了多少，而是我們對所做的事情注入了多少愛) benefits our work most.3 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course ，I have.It was in our v

19、illage that it was made( 這部電影是在我們村里制作出來的 )4 If you have a job ， do devote yourself to it( 務必全身心地投入到工作中 ) and finally you ll succeed.5 It s not what we do once in a while that( 不是我們偶爾做的事情) shapes our lives， but what學習必備歡迎下載we do consistently. 省略句的考查要點1 狀語從句中的省略由 when，while ，if， as if， although/though

20、 ，as，until ，once，whether，unless， where 等引導的狀語從句中，如果其謂語動詞為be，而主語與主句的主語相同時，則從句的主語和be 可省略；或從句的主語為it，謂語動詞為be 時，也可省略從句中的it 和 be。When (I am) in trouble ， I always turn to my classmates for help.If (it is) possible ， this machine can be fixed at once.2不定式的省略單獨使用不定式符號to 代替不定式后被省略的動詞，常用在 be afraid ，expect，fo

21、rget ，hope，intend， like ， love，mean，prefer， refuse， try， want， wish 等詞后；或放在表情緒的詞后，代替被省略的動詞，常見詞有： glad，happy，pleased 等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，則要保留be， have， have been。 Will you please look after my house when I m away? I m glad to. Are you a sailor? No.But I used to be.Your work hasn t been hand

22、ed in， but it ought to have been.3?？嫉膸讉€省略形式if ever ， if any ， if not better /worse/ taller.than 等。4并列句中的省略并列句中的兩個對等句里的動詞相同時，后者的動詞可以省略。He is going to Hong Kong ，but his brother (is going) to America.My room is on the third floor and his， on the fifth.題組訓練41 Jane won t join us for dinner tonight and T

23、om won t either( 湯姆也不想加入)2 It sounds like something is wrong with the car s engine.If so( 如果這樣的話)， we d bettertake it to the garage immediately.3 What a strange plant (多么奇怪的植物啊)! I ve never seen it before.4 While walking along the street( 當沿著大街走的時候)， I heard my name called.5I asked him to see the fi

24、lmbut he didnt want to() 注意事項1如果由特殊疑問詞引導的強調結構在句中作賓語從句時，從句必須使用陳述語序，不可用疑問語序。學習必備歡迎下載He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.2強調句型結構中的反意疑問句式。在強調句型結構中，其反意疑問句的主語及助動詞必須與主句It is/was. 保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter ，isn t it?3強調句型結構與定語從句的混合使用。在高考試題中，為了增加試題的難度，

25、命題人常將強調句型與定語從句混合起來，使句子結構更加復雜。我們要注意從語法角度來分析句子，理清結構“強調句型與定語從句”。It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.4強調句型與時間狀語從句的辨析。當用強調句型強調時間狀語時，去掉“ it is /was”和連詞 “that，”原句仍然完整； 而在時間狀語從句中，若去掉“it is/was”和連詞“ when/before”，原句不完整。It was at 14： 28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.( 強調句型 )It wa

26、s 14 ： 28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.( 狀語從句 ) 語法與寫作根據提示翻譯下面的句子1只有這種方式他們才能長大獨立，變得真正成功。 (使用 only 放句首引起的倒裝句)(2013 福·建 ·書面表達 )Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.2只有到那時我才意識到話語有積極和消極的力量。(使用 not until 放句首引起的倒裝句 )(2013 ·湖北 ·短文寫作 )N

27、ot until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.3如果你需要更多的信息，務必也讓我知道。 (do 放在祈使句前表強調)(2013 新·課標全國 ·書面表達 )Also ， do let me know if you need further information.4它不僅讓我們接近自然，讓我們從繁重的學業(yè)中得到放松，同樣還促進了我們之間的友誼。(not only 放句首引起的倒裝句)(2013 江·西 ·書面表達 )Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy schoolwork ， it also promoted the friendship among us.5兒子，穿得很好，在中間自豪地揮舞著(使用省略句