高考英語語法備考《分詞》ppt課件

1、分詞 分詞的分類： 分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞兩種。過去分詞就只有分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞兩種。過去分詞就只有一種形式一種形式done,done,現(xiàn)在分詞有四種形式：現(xiàn)在分詞有四種形式： doingdoing的基本含義是：表主動、正在進行的基本含義是：表主動、正在進行 donedone的基本含義是：的基本含義是： 表被動、已經(jīng)完成表被動、已經(jīng)完成 being done( being done(常作定語）：表一個被動的動作正在常作定語）：表一個被動的動作正在 進行進行 having having （been) done(been) done(作狀語，不能作定語）：作狀語，不能作定語）： 所表示的動

2、作在謂語動所表示的動作在謂語動 詞之前發(fā)生。詞之前發(fā)生。 主動式主動式 被動式被動式一般式一般式 doing being done完成式完成式 having donehaving been done 分詞的句法功能分詞的句法功能 一、作表語一、作表語1.1.一些動詞中文含義是一些動詞中文含義是“使使”，作表語時，如果是主，作表語時，如果是主語具有的特征（語具有的特征（ 令人令人 )就用就用doing,doing,如果是主語如果是主語因因引起的某種狀態(tài)（感到引起的某種狀態(tài)（感到）就要用）就要用done.done. move(move(使激動）使激動） tire( tire(使疲倦）使疲倦） su

3、rprise surprise（使奇怪）（使奇怪） astonish astonish（使驚奇）（使驚奇） amaze amaze（使驚愕）（使驚愕） interest( interest(使感興趣）使感興趣） excite excite（使興奮）（使興奮） frighten frighten（使害怕）（使害怕） worry worry（使擔(dān)憂）（使擔(dān)憂） please(please(使高興）使高興） dumbfound(dumbfound(使目瞪口呆）使目瞪口呆）puzzle(puzzle(使迷惑）使迷惑）satisfysatisfy（使?jié)M意）（使?jié)M意）inspireinspire（使鼓舞）

4、（使鼓舞） discouragediscourage（使灰心）（使灰心）exhaust( exhaust( 使衰竭、疲倦）使衰竭、疲倦）bore(bore(使煩）使煩）confuse( confuse( 使混淆）使混淆） 2.2.另一類動詞其含義仍然是另一類動詞其含義仍然是“使使”，但并，但并不表示主語的特征，只表示主語的狀態(tài)，均用不表示主語的特征，只表示主語的狀態(tài)，均用donedone作表語作表語 station (使駐扎使駐扎）/置置 于某處于某處 eg. Those soldiers are stationed beside the sea. seat (使就坐）使就坐） eg. I f

5、ound them seated in the back. locate/situate（使坐落）（使坐落） eg. Our school is located/situated by a river. wound/injure（使受傷）使受傷） eg. His brother was wounded in the First World War. They were injured in the car accident. expose( (使曝光、使露光）使曝光、使露光） eg.His skin is often exposed to the sun. occupy eg .We are

6、always occupied with English study. 還有一些固定的短語：還有一些固定的短語： be lost in, be prepared for be determined to do be devoted to sth/doing sth be faced with be hidden in be dressed（ 他們都有一個共同點：他們都有一個共同點：幾乎都可以換成幾乎都可以換成sb/oneself ) seat sb/oneself dress sb/oneself expose sb/ oneself prepare sb/oneself determine

7、sb/ oneself occupy sb/ oneself be covered with be caught in be stuck be contented withplant sb/oneselfdevote oneself tostation sb/oneself主主 要要 靠靠 平平 時時 積積 累累 補充：補充： 1.(1.(常用于被動語態(tài)）常用于被動語態(tài)）( (以某種方式以某種方式)“)“對對 作出反應(yīng)作出反應(yīng)”（with/as) 1) My ability is often greeted with suspicion. (我能力常受到人們的懷疑）我能力常受到人們的懷疑） 2

8、)My arrival was greeted as a favor to him. (我的到達被看做是給他的一種恩惠）我的到達被看做是給他的一種恩惠） 2. (2. (常用于被動語態(tài)常用于被動語態(tài))“)“映入映入眼簾眼簾” “傳入傳入. . 耳耳/ / 鼻中鼻中”1)As soon as we came in ,our eyes were greeted by the flowers/the flowers greeted our eyes2)As soon as we came in ,our ears were greeted by shouts of anger/shouts of a

9、nger greeted our ears3)As soon as we came in ,our noses were greeted by the smell/the smell greeted our noses. 3.3.和某人打招呼，歡迎，迎接和某人打招呼，歡迎，迎接 greet sb with a smile-be greeted with a smile. greet present (常用于被動語態(tài)）“使發(fā)生、使經(jīng)歷” present sb with sth eg. 1.On his retirement,he was presented with a set of golf

10、clubs.( (他退休之際別人送給他一副高爾夫球棒）他退休之際別人送給他一副高爾夫球棒） 2.We are presented with some inconvenience by your request.( (你的請求給我們帶來了些不便）你的請求給我們帶來了些不便） 3.Now,they are presented with a serious problem.( (現(xiàn)在他們遇到了嚴(yán)重的問題）現(xiàn)在他們遇到了嚴(yán)重的問題） strike1.(1.(常用于被動語態(tài)）啞、聾、瞎。頓時使出于某狀態(tài)常用于被動語態(tài)）啞、聾、瞎。頓時使出于某狀態(tài) be struck dumb/deaf/blind (

11、(一時什么也說不出一時什么也說不出/ /聽不見聽不見/ /看不見）看不見）2.strike sb (給某人影響、讓某人覺得） How does the idea strike you ?( (你覺得這個主意怎樣？）你覺得這個主意怎樣？）3.miss/lose（丟失）（丟失）lose 作表語要用作表語要用done (lost)miss作表語要用作表語要用doing (missing) eg. My pen is lost. My pen is missing. 二二 、作定語、作定語 1. 1. 單個的分詞作定語放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作單個的分詞作定語放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在被修

12、飾詞之后定語放在被修飾詞之后. .與被修飾的詞是邏輯上的主謂與被修飾的詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系用關(guān)系用doing,doing,是動賓關(guān)系用是動賓關(guān)系用done. done. 如：如： the reading girl the girl reading in the classroom the broken cup the cup broken this morning 2.missmissing loselost the missing boy the lost boy 3.3.使使 excited crowd exciting news frightening dog frightened do

13、g 4.4.有些不及物動詞有些不及物動詞doingdoing表動作正在進行，表動作正在進行，donedone表動作已經(jīng)完成。表動作已經(jīng)完成。 boiling water ( (正在開的水）正在開的水） boiled water ( (開過的水）開過的水） falling leaves ( (往下掉的葉）往下掉的葉） fallen leaves（落地的葉落地的葉） rising sun（初升的太陽）（初升的太陽） risen sun（升起的太陽升起的太陽） developing country（發(fā)展中國家）（發(fā)展中國家） developed country（發(fā)達國家）（發(fā)達國家） changin

14、g Enshi（變化中的恩施）（變化中的恩施） changed Enshi（變化了的恩施）（變化了的恩施） the burning sun（灼熱的太陽）（灼熱的太陽） burned toast（烤焦的面包片）（烤焦的面包片） drowning boy （溺水的男孩）（溺水的男孩） drowned rat（落湯雞）（落湯雞） returning professor(回途中的教授）回途中的教授） returned professor ( 回來了的教授）回來了的教授） 擴充：擴充：1.boil boiling point（沸點）（沸點） boiled sweet ( (硬糖）硬糖） 2. drown

15、drown ones fears/loneliness/sorrows ( (借酒壯膽借酒壯膽 / /解寂寞解寂寞/ /澆愁）澆愁） 3. burnburn your bridges/boats ( (破釜沉舟破釜沉舟/ /不留退路不留退路/ /背水一戰(zhàn)）背水一戰(zhàn)） burn a hole in your pocket ( (一有錢就想花一有錢就想花/ /花錢沒節(jié)制）花錢沒節(jié)制） a burning desire ( (迫切的愿望）迫切的愿望） have a burning ambition ( (雄心勃勃）雄心勃勃） a burning issue/question ( (當(dāng)務(wù)之急）當(dāng)務(wù)之急

16、） burning faces ( (熱辣辣的臉）熱辣辣的臉） burning eyes ( (熱切的目光熱切的目光/ /緊盯著看的眼睛）緊盯著看的眼睛）burning hot adv. adv.灼熱地灼熱地 burn n. minor/severe/third-grade burn ( (輕度輕度/ /重度重度/ /三度燒傷）三度燒傷）4. return return ticket ( (往返票）往返票） return match ( (第二回合比賽）第二回合比賽）5. 5. 含被動含義作定語的三種情況：含被動含義作定語的三種情況：1) The meeting held yesterday

17、is important。2)The meeting being held is of great importance.3)The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注注: :having done 不能作定語。不能作定語。6.6.與面部表情有關(guān)的名詞與面部表情有關(guān)的名詞通常只能用通常只能用donedone作定語作定語 1) satisfied smile2)worried expression 3)pleased look 4)puzzled expression 7.7.兩種形式過去分詞的不同用法：兩種形式過去分詞的不同用法： 1

18、）light(lighted-lighted/lit-lit) 作定語時只能用作定語時只能用lighted 2)rot(rotted-rotted/rotted-rotten) 作定語時只能用作定語時只能用rotten 3)drink(drank-drunk/drank-drunken) drunken只能作定語只能作定語 4)strike(struck-struck/struck-striken) 構(gòu)成合成詞只能用構(gòu)成合成詞只能用 stricken 5)learn(learned-learned/learnt-learnt) 6)hang(hanged-hanged/hung-hung) 7

19、)lie(lied-lied/lay-lain) 8.spell(spelled-spelled/spelt-spelt) a misspelt word 9.spoil(spoiled-spoiled/spoilt/spoilt)（嬌慣，寵壞）（嬌慣，寵壞） a spoilt child 10.burn(burned_burned/burnt_burnt) burnt( (燒壞的，燒傷的，燙傷的）燒壞的，燒傷的，燙傷的） 一般來說：用不規(guī)則那個作定語。一般來說：用不規(guī)則那個作定語。 特例特例：a learned man a lighted candle 三、作賓語補足語三、作賓語補足語 1.

20、1.賓語和賓語補足語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系用賓語和賓語補足語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系用doing, ,邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系用邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系用done. I found the teacher surrounded in the room. I found the teacher sitting in the room. 2.miss _ missing lose_ lost He found his book missing/lost. 3.sit/seat/seat oneself As soon as I came into the classroom, I found the village

21、rs sitting seated in the room. seating themselves 4. 4. 一些固定的句型一些固定的句型 1）see sb do 看見某人做某事（動作經(jīng)常性看見某人做某事（動作經(jīng)常性 或已經(jīng)完成）或已經(jīng)完成） see sb doing 看見某人在做某事（動作正看見某人在做某事（動作正 在進行）在進行） see sb done 看見某人被看見某人被（動作經(jīng)常性（動作經(jīng)常性 或已經(jīng)完成）或已經(jīng)完成） 2）hear sb do 聽見某人做某事（動作經(jīng)常性或已聽見某人做某事（動作經(jīng)常性或已 經(jīng)完成）經(jīng)完成） hear sb doing 聽見某人在做某事（動作正在聽見

22、某人在做某事（動作正在 進行）進行） hear sb done 聽見某人被聽見某人被(動作經(jīng)常性或動作經(jīng)常性或 已經(jīng)完成）已經(jīng)完成） 3) have sb do sth get sb to do sth ( (叫某人做某事）叫某人做某事）4）have sb do sth have sth done/get sth done ( (叫某人做某事）叫某人做某事）5） have sb do sth( (叫某人做某事）叫某人做某事） have sb doing （叫某人在做某事）（叫某人在做某事） (not)have sb doing （不容許某人做某事（不容許某人做某事) have sb done

23、I must have her sent to the hospital.6）have sth done /get sth done have sth doing eg. a. Dont have the lights burning all night long. b. He had the tractor working a long time.7) get sb to do sth get sb doing 8) get sth done ( (請某人做某事請某人做某事) ) get sth doing ( (設(shè)法讓某事設(shè)法讓某事) eg. Finally he got the car

24、starting. Finally he got the car started. 9)have sth done 10) leave sb to do sth ( (叫叫/ / 留下某人做某事）留下某人做某事） leave sb doing ( (讓某人處于做某事的狀態(tài)）讓某人處于做某事的狀態(tài)） leave sth to be done( (留下某事要做）（動詞留下某事要做）（動詞不定不定 式表將來的動作）式表將來的動作） leave sth undone (留下某事未做）留下某事未做） unfinished untouched unsettled 11)keep sb doing ( (讓

25、某人老是做某事）讓某人老是做某事） keep sb done （?？键c（常考點：keep sb informed of sth) 12) send sb to do sth 派（遣）某人去做某事派（遣）某人去做某事 send sb doing eg .A.The sound of the gun sent the birds flying in every direction. B. The big fire sent the people escaping from the building.四、作狀語分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語必須必須是句子的主語，與句子主語是邏是句子的主

26、語，與句子主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系用輯上的主謂關(guān)系用doing, ,是動賓關(guān)系用是動賓關(guān)系用done.doing 所表示的動作與句子謂語同時發(fā)生或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，所表示的動作與句子謂語同時發(fā)生或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，having done所表示的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。所表示的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。1.As soon as he finished his homework, he went to bed. Finishing his homework, he went to bed.2.After he finished his homework, he went to bed. Having fi

27、nished his homework, he went to bed.3.If I have enough money ,I will buy a car. Having enough money ,I will buy a car.4.They went out of the classroom and left the door open. They went out of the classroom ,leaving the door open.5. We came into the classroom and talked and laughed all the way. We ca

28、me into the classroom, talking and laughing.更多的例句：更多的例句：6.He came late again ,which made the teacher unhappy. He came late again, making the teacher unhappy.7. They sat there ,reading.8. Doing in a hurry, I made many mistakes.9.Done in a hurry, my exercise was full of mistakes.10. Coming into the cl

29、assroom ,I found the flower.11.Uninvited,they came, though.獨立主格獨立主格分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。如果不是分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。如果不是就要帶上分詞自己的邏輯主語，就構(gòu)成了獨立主格。就要帶上分詞自己的邏輯主語，就構(gòu)成了獨立主格。1).As soon as my homework was finished,I went to bed. My homework finished,I went to bed.2).After my homework was finished,I went to bed. M

30、y my homework having been finished,I went to bed.3)When the guest came in ,they were watching TV. The guest coming in, they were watching TV4)After the guestes took their seats ,the match began. The guestes having taken their seats ,the match began5)This is my first book and the second will be publi

31、shed next year. This is my first book,the second to be published next year6)If it is fine tomorrow,they will go. It being fine tomorrow,they will go. WithWith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)固定的用法：固定的用法： 1.assuming 2.suppose/supposing 3.provide/providing 4.considering( (鑒于，考慮到）鑒于，考慮到） pared to/with 6.judging from/by 7. ta

32、ken as a whole 8.generally speaking,. 9.take for granted 10.including/included 11.given that (如果有，假定有）如果有，假定有）12. granted/granting that（就算，假定）（就算，假定） “迷路迷路”的幾種表達法：的幾種表達法： 1. be lost 2.lose ones way 3.lose oneself 4.get lost 如果是在狀語的位置上分別表達為：如果是在狀語的位置上分別表達為： lost losing ones way losing oneself getting

33、 lost 通過大量的練習(xí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：只要是由通過大量的練習(xí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：只要是由be +donebe +done構(gòu)成的短語，在作句子狀語、定語、補足語的構(gòu)成的短語，在作句子狀語、定語、補足語的時候，均去掉時候，均去掉bebe eg. be caught in be devoted to be determined to do be loaded with be dressed be seated 1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_ . (NMET91 34) A.hear B. to hear C. hea

34、ring D. heard 2. On afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin. (NMET91 23) A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. writing 3. -I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? (NMET92 14) A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 4. _ a

35、reply, he decided to write again. (MET92 39) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received5. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24)

36、 A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know

37、 C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to

38、play 11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34)A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 12. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret_ _ that. (NMET95 26) A. to do b. to be d

39、oing C. to have done D. having done 13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. (NMET95 35) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of los

40、ing 15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 16. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海上海20) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 17. While shopping, people sometime cant

41、 help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 18. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 19. A computer does only wh

42、at thinking people _. (99上海19) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and

43、again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6. To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.s

44、ee D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)C

45、 CDABAD1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where t o bu i ld t he ne w pow e r station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he4.O

46、ur father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workingNon-infinitive 7.She reached the top of the hill