高中高考總復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)

1、高考總復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)真題再現(xiàn)：1. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres nothing left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D.

2、are being run out3. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid4. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt5. Ha

3、ve you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt6. The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.A. were putB. was putC. putD. has put7. After school we went to the reading-room to do some re

4、ading, only to be told that it .A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated 8. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted9. I didnt ask for

5、the name list. Why _ on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _ four days later.A. rescued B. was rescued C. has rescued D. had been rescued答案與解析1. A。從dont可知語

6、境為現(xiàn)在，排除B、D；而later in life可知為將來的動作，意為“被給予回報”，故選A。2. B。分析題干語境可知，食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動詞短語，不能使用被動形式，由此可排除C和D兩個選項。B選項為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，可以表示將來，符合題意。因此，正確答案為B選項。3. A。在時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，且I與pay之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以選A。4. A。句意為：他們現(xiàn)在暫時和父母一起居住，因為他們自己的房子正在重建。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，且house與動詞rebuilt之間為被動關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。5. B。根據(jù)語境，火災(zāi)發(fā)生在過去的時間，人有

7、可能“被火傷害”，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。6. A。句子的主語為the letters，不能選擇第三人稱單數(shù)形式，排除B, D項；而且信應(yīng)該是“被放在桌上”，選擇被動語態(tài)。7. D。It指代the reading-room，所以只能用被動，考慮到only to be told表示結(jié)果，所以選擇D。8. D。experiment和conduct之間為被動關(guān)系，故排除A項和C項。conduct這一動作發(fā)生在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之前，即“過去的過去”。9. B。根據(jù)句意可知現(xiàn)在在桌子上，故用現(xiàn)在時，排除C，D項；句中強(qiáng)調(diào)land這一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時。10. B。根據(jù)句意，membe

8、r和rescue之間為被動關(guān)系，排除A，C項；另外rescue并不是發(fā)生在get lost之前，只是陳述過去發(fā)生的動作，用一般過去時。知識講解：被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are +done (過去分詞) English is widely used in the world.現(xiàn)在完成時：has /have been done All those flowers have been watered.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is /are being done The blackboard is being painted now.

9、一般過去時：was/were done We were asked to help them.過去完成時：had been done The building had been completed before I arrived.過去進(jìn)行時：was/were being done The university was being built when I saw last time.一般將來時：shall/will be done A class meeting will be held next Monday.過去將來時：should/would be done She said the

10、book would be delivered soon. 將來完成時：shall/will have been done I will have finished my high school this time next year.被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1.含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。The books may be kept for two weeks.Whats done cannot be undone. 2. 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。Many boo

11、ks were given to the children at the school.Ann wasnt offered the job. 3. 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不變。He was seen sitting there without doing anything.4. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。The poor children were m

12、ade to work 12 hours a day.She is made to clean the floor.5. 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，切不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。Bad habits have been done away withThe plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible使用被動語態(tài)的場合1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語)。Printing was intro

13、duced to Europe from China.2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。Health is valued above everything.3. 為了更好地安排句子。We were shocked by the bad news.“It is said/thought/believed that.”及類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is said that 據(jù)

14、說It is reported that據(jù)報道It is believed that大家相信It is hoped that大家希望It is well known that眾所周知It is thought that大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that據(jù)建議Somebody/ something be supposed to do. 被期望；應(yīng)該It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.Im supposed to b

15、e meeting Tom at 8:15.謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.很多動詞如break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，主語通常是物。Glass breaks easily.The car rides smoothly.The dish tastes delicious. The theory proved right at last.The book is so interesting that it sells well.注意

16、：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock（指門本身有毛病）The door wont be locked（指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, boo

17、k, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。Your reason sounds reasonable.非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義1. 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）2. 動詞不定式的被動形式：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。作主語：It is an honor for me to be a

18、sked to speak here.作賓語：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.作定語：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?作狀語：She was t

19、oo young to be assigned such work.不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主語）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語)）He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語）The book is said to have been translated int

20、o many languages. （復(fù)合謂語）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語）3.不定式的主動形式表示被動在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中：There is a lot of homework to do (to be done).There is no time to lose (to be lost).在“npron + be + ad.j + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中作方式狀語。He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with在

21、“too.to do; enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.在“with+n.+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。I have a letter to type today. (I是to type的邏輯主語)Do you have a

22、nything to say? (you是to say的邏輯主語)當(dāng)不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時。This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read).The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house.5. rent,blame,let等用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。Who is to blame for starting the fire?“get+過去分詞”可以表示被動，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。She got married last wee

23、k.The patient got treated once a weekHe fell off the car and got killedThere was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.被動表示主動意義be seated, be located, be situated, be dressed等用被動形式表達(dá)主動意義。Please be seated.Our school is located at the foot of the mountain被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當(dāng)“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The glass is broken（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy（被動語態(tài)）2. 如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。The door is loc