散文翻譯語文學(xué)

1、柳蘇先生在鄉(xiāng)愁的理念如是說： 下等譯匠是“人在屋檐下，不得不低頭”，給原文壓得扁扁的，只好忍氣吞聲；高等譯手是“月上柳梢頭，人約黃昏后”，跟原文平起平坐，談情說愛，毫無顧忌。譯匠中英文太過寒傖，一旦登入文字堂奧，手腳都不聽使喚，說話更結(jié)結(jié)巴巴；譯手中英文富可敵國，進(jìn)出衣香鬢影之間應(yīng)對得體，十足外交官風(fēng)度 這后一種境界，真令人悠然神往?，F(xiàn)已夏濟(jì)安先生的兩冊名家散文選讀(A Collection of American Essays)中英對照本。先看脫口成誦的華盛頓·歐文的西敏大寺開頭一段： On one of those sober and rather melancho1y days

2、，in the latter part of Autumn，When the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together，and throw a g1oom over the decline of the year，I passed several hours in rambling about West Minster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile；and，as I p

3、assed its thresho1d，seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity，and losing myself among the shades of former ages. 時方晚秋，氣象肅穆，略帶憂傷，早晨的陰影和黃昏的陰影，幾乎連接在一起，不可分別，歲將云暮，終日昏暗，我就在這么一天，到西敏大寺去散步了幾個鐘頭。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼氣，和陰沉沉的季候正好調(diào)和；我跨進(jìn)大門，覺得自己已經(jīng)置身遠(yuǎn)古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。 中英兩種文字，在這里的確是銖兩悉稱，賓主盡歡，而且，接下去的十五頁，難得譯者總是如此，如影隨

4、形而不離譜，如魚得水而不局促轅下。那典雅又地道的中文，可圈可點(diǎn)，且復(fù)可誦。 然而超出了一般的“意譯”的界限，譯者常據(jù)己意加以一番增益或減損，使中英文之間距離突然拉大，賓主若再度相會，恐怕要“問姓驚初見，稱名憶舊容”了。聊揭數(shù)端如下。 * The pond-lily grows abundantly a1ongthe margin-that delicious flower，which，as Thoreau te11s me，opens its virgin bosom to the firs sunlight and perfects its being through the magic o

5、f that genia1 kiss. He has beheld beds of them unfolding in due succession as the sunrise sto1e gradually from flower to flower 溪邊荷花盛開，據(jù)梭羅告訴我，荷花須經(jīng)清晨的陽光照射后方始開放，陽光輕輕的吻著它，嬌嫩的荷花也像少女似的成熟了。他曾經(jīng)看見這樣一個奇景：天色剛剛發(fā)亮，清晨的太陽漸漸的東升，陽光所及之處，荷花一朵一朵的依次開放，好幾處的荷花，無不皆然 這段文字要是亦步亦趨譯出來，不外乎這個樣子： 溪邊睡蓮花盛開這嬌嫩的花兒，梭羅曾對我說，把它處女的乳房敞向第一縷

6、陽光，且因受了那輕吻的魔法而完成了自己的存在。他曾看見，當(dāng)旭日初升，悄悄地，漸漸地，從一朵花移到另一朵花，它們便次第開放 * Throughout the summer there were cherries and currants；and then came autumn，with his immense burden of apples，dropping them continually fromhisover laden shoulders as he trudged along .In the stillest afternoon，if I listened，the thump of

7、 a great apple was audible，falling without a breath of wind，from the mere necessity of perfect ripeness. 夏天有吃不完的櫻桃和酸果，一到秋天，蘋果就熟，秋天一天一天的過去，蘋果就不斷的從秋天的背上掉下來。秋天的下午，即使一絲風(fēng)都不吹，只要我凝神諦聽，在四圍靜寂之中，總可聽得見一顆肥大的蘋果落地的聲音它長得太熟了，非自然落下不可。 * I have met with no other such pleasant trouble in the world as that of finding m

8、yself，with only the two or three mouths which it was my privilege to feed，the so1e inheritor of the old clergymans wealth of fruits. 老牧師遺留下來這么多果子樹，現(xiàn)在由我一人來承受，能夠同我來分而食之的，只有兩三個人，粥多僧少，雖然是件樂事，可也是一件煩惱，我生平還沒有過這一類的經(jīng)驗。Moreexamples:From the window of my room, I could see a tall cotton-rose hibiscus. In spring

9、, when green foliage was half hidden by mist, the tree looked very enchanting dotted with red blossom. This inspiring neighbor of mine often set my mind working. I gradually regarded it as my best friend.從我的房間的窗子向外望去,可以看到一株高大的芙蓉樹.秋日里,芙蓉樹在薄霧中若隱若現(xiàn),紅花點(diǎn)點(diǎn),樣子實在迷人.它總是賦予我靈感,讓我思如泉涌.時間久了,我竟把這菱蓉視為知已了.Neverthel

10、ess, when I opened the window one morning, to my amazement, the tree was almost bare beyond recognition as a result of the storm ravages the night before. Struck by the plight, I was seized with a sadness at the thought “all the blossom is doomed to fall”. I could not help sighing with emotion: the

11、course of life never runs smooth, for there are so many ups and downs, twists and turns. The vicissitudes Loving with an Open Hand（放愛一條生路）The other day as I talked with a friend I recalled a story that I heard this summer. "A compassionate person, seeing a butterfly struggling to free itself fr

12、om its cocoon, and wanting to help, very gently loosened the filaments to form an opening. 前幾天和一位朋友閑聊時，我想起今年夏天聽到的一個故事：“有個人很富有同情心，看到一只蝴蝶拼命掙扎想沖破繭的束縛，就幫了個忙，輕輕地解開繭絲使其露出一個缺口。The butterfly was freed, emerged from the cocoon, and fluttered about but could not fly. What the compassionate person did not know

13、 was that only through the birth struggle can the wings grow strong enough for flight. Its shortened life was spent on the ground; it never knew freedom, never really lived." 蝴蝶得到解放，從繭中出來振翅欲飛，然而卻飛不起來。這位富有同情心的人所不知道的是，只有經(jīng)過掙扎破繭而出，翅膀才能變得強(qiáng)壯，可以飛翔。這只蝴蝶短暫的生命只能在地上度過了，它從未嘗過自由的滋味，沒有真正享受過生活。”I call it

14、 learning to love with an open hand. It is a learning which has come slowly to me and has been wrought in the fires of pain and in the waters of patience. I am learning that I must free the one I love, for if I clutch or cling, try to control, I lose what I try to hold. 我把它叫做學(xué)會放愛一條生路。這個教訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷了痛苦的鍛造和耐心

15、的洗禮，我才逐漸認(rèn)識到。我學(xué)會了必須給所愛的人自由，如果我抓得太緊、緊握不放、設(shè)法控制，結(jié)果可能會失去他們。 If I try to change someone I love because I feel I know how that person should be, I rob him or her of a precious right, the right to take responsibility for one's own life and choices and way of being. Whenever I impose my wish or want or t

16、ry to exert power over another, I rob him or her of the full realization of growth and maturation. I limit and prevent by my act of possession, no matter how kind my intention.如果我試圖改變所愛的人，僅僅因為我覺得他/她應(yīng)該這樣，就等于是掠奪了他/她的一項珍貴的權(quán)利，即他/她對自己生命的責(zé)任權(quán)和生活方式的選擇權(quán)。無論何時我把自己的意志和權(quán)力強(qiáng)加給別人，都會導(dǎo)致他/她無法完全成長和成熟。無論我的意圖多么善良，我的控制行為還

17、是限制和阻礙了他們。I can limit and injure by the kindest acts of protection or concern. Over extended it can say to the other person more eloquently than words, "You are unable to care for yourself; I must take care of you because you are mine. I am responsible for you."即使保護(hù)或關(guān)心這種最善意的行為也會限制和傷害別人?！澳銦o

18、法照顧自己，我必須照顧你，因為你是我的，我要對你負(fù)責(zé)。”對別人說這么動人的語言遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了你的權(quán)力。 As I learn and practice more and more, I can say to the one I love: "I love you, I value you, I respect you and I trust that you have the strength to become all that it is possible for you to become if I don't get in your way. I love you so

19、much that I can set you free to walk beside me in joy and in sadness. 隨著我學(xué)習(xí)和鍛煉的增多，現(xiàn)在我會這樣告訴我愛的人：“我愛你、珍惜你、尊重你，我相信你有足夠的實力發(fā)展成為你想要成為的人如果我不阻礙你的話。我是那么愛你，所以我給你自由，和我共享歡樂與悲傷。I will share your tears but I will not ask you not to cry. I will respond to your needs. I will care and comfort you, but I will not hol

20、d you up when you can walk alone. I will stand ready to be with you in your grief and loneliness but I will not take it away from you. I will strive to listen to your meaning as well as your word, but I shall not always agree. 我會和你一起流淚，但我不會要求你停止哭泣。我會滿足你的需要，關(guān)心你、安慰你，但在你能夠獨(dú)立行走時我不會阻擋你。我會時刻準(zhǔn)備好，在你悲傷和孤獨(dú)時站到

21、你身邊，但我不會把你的悲傷和孤獨(dú)帶走。我會盡力理解你的話語及其中涵義，但不會總是贊同。Sometimes I will be angry and when I am, I will try to tell you openly so that I need not hate our differences or feel estranged. I can not always be with you or hear what you say for there are times when I must listen to myself and care for myself, and whe

22、n that happens I will be as honest with you as I can be."有時我會生氣，當(dāng)我生氣時，我會盡量坦率地告訴你，這樣我就不會對我們之間的分歧懷恨于心，產(chǎn)生疏遠(yuǎn)的感覺。我無法時刻與你在一起，或者聽你訴說，因為有時我需要傾聽自己，關(guān)心自己，當(dāng)這些發(fā)生時，我會盡量告訴你?！?I am learning to say this, whether it be in words or in my way of being with others and myself, to those I love and for whom I care. An

23、d this I call loving with an open hand. 對于那些我所愛和所關(guān)心的人，我正在學(xué)習(xí)這樣表達(dá)，無論是用語言，還是用我對待他人及自己的方式，我把這種方式叫做放愛一條生路。I cannot always keep my hands off the cocoon, but I am getting better at it!我不會總把雙手從繭的身旁移開，但我正在逐漸進(jìn)步Y(jié)OUTH-Samuel UllmanYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy ch

24、eeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exist

25、s in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm to wrinkle the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spring back to dust.Whether 60 or 16, there is in

26、 every human beings heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game of living.In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinit

27、e, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at 80.青春塞繆爾·厄爾曼青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹

28、唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。青春氣貫長虹，勇銳蓋過怯弱，進(jìn)取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。歲月悠悠，衰微只及肌膚；熱忱拋卻，頹廢必致靈魂。憂煩，惶恐，喪失自信，定使心靈扭曲，意氣如灰。無論年屆花甲，擬或二八芳齡，心中皆有生命之歡樂，奇跡之誘惑，孩童般天真久盛不衰。人人心中皆有一臺天線，只要你從天上人間接受美好、希望、歡樂、勇氣和力量的信號，你就青春永駐，風(fēng)華常存。一旦天線下降，銳氣便被冰雪覆蓋，玩世不恭、自暴自棄油然而生，即使年方二十，實已垂垂老矣；然則只要樹起天線，捕捉樂觀信號，你就

29、有望在八十高齡告別塵寰時仍覺年輕。 愛的頌歌-BellyIf I speak in the tongues of mortals and of angels, but do not have love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but do not have love, I am

30、 nothing. If I give away all my possessions, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; it does not rejoi

31、ce in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.Love never ends. But as for prophecies, they will come to an end; as for tongues, they will cease; as for knowledge, it will come to an end. For we know only in part, and we pr

32、ophesy only in part; but when the complete comes, the partial will come to an end. When I was a child, I thought like a child; when I became and adult, I put an end to childish ways. For now we see in mirror, dimly, but then we will see face to face. Now I know only in part; then I will know fully,

33、even as I have been fully known. And now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; and the greatest of these is love.就算我能說萬人的方言和天使的話語，但如果沒有愛，我不過就如鳴鑼一般；就算我有預(yù)知未來的能力，就算我精通各種知識和奧秘，就算我有堅定的信念，但如果沒有愛，我就什么都算不上；就算我拿所有的財物周濟(jì)窮人，就算我能做出舍己為人的壯舉，但如果沒有愛，我仍將一無所有。愛是一種忍耐，愛是一種友善；愛不是嫉妒，不是自大，不是魯莽，不是固執(zhí)己見，不是輕易發(fā)怒。愛意味著憎惡不義，贊賞

34、真理；愛意味著包容一切，相信一切，對生活充滿希望，并能忍受生活中的一切。愛是永無止境的，但又是有盡頭的；就像知識一樣，必將歸于烏有。我們現(xiàn)在搜掌握的知識很有限，當(dāng)我們掌握了完整的知識時，有限的知識必將歸于烏有。當(dāng)我還是一個孩子的時候，我像孩子一樣說話，像孩子一樣思考問題，像孩子一樣推理；但我一旦成年，就不再像孩子一樣了?，F(xiàn)階段，我們很多時候好像是從鏡子里觀看事物，對很多事物都看不清，但有朝一日我們會直面這些事物?，F(xiàn)階段，我知道的東西很有限，但有朝一日我會懂得一切。如今，常存在人們心中的東西有三樣：信念、希望和愛，而其中愛是最重要的！美麗人生BeautyThere were a sensitiv

35、ity and a beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart.It is said that the true nature of being is veiled. The labor of words, the expression of art, the seemingly ceaseless buzz that is human thought all have in common th

36、e need to get at what really is so. The hope to draw close to and possess the truth of being can be a feverish one. In some cases it can even be fatal, if pleasure is one's truth and its attainment more important than life itself. In other lives, though, the search for what is truthful gives lif

37、e.I used to find notes left in the collection basket, beautiful notes about my homilies and about the writer's thoughts on the daily scriptural readings. The person who penned the notes would add reflections to my thoughts and would always include some quotes from poets and mystics he or she had

38、 read and remembered and loved. The notes fascinated me. Here was someone immersed in a search for truth and beauty. Words had been treasured, words that were beautiful. And I felt as if the words somehow delighted in being discovered, for they were obviously very generous to the as yet anonymous wr

39、iter of the notes. And now this person was in turn learning the secret of sharing them. Beauty so shines when given away. The only truth that exists is, in that sense, free.It was a long time before I met the author of the notes.One Sunday morning, I was told that someone was waiting for me in the o

40、ffice. The young person who answered the rectory door said that it was "the woman who said she left all the notes." When I saw her I was shocked, since I immediately recognized her from church but had no idea that it was she who wrote the notes. She was sitting in a chair in the office wit

41、h her hands folded in her lap. Her head was bowed and when she raised it to look at me, she could barely smile without pain. Her face was disfigured, and the skin so tight from surgical procedures that smiling or laughing was very difficult for her. She had suffered terribly from treatment to remove

42、 the growths that had so marred her face.We chatted for a while that Sunday morning and agreed to meet for lunch later that week.As it turned out we went to lunch several times, and she always wore a hat during the meal. I think that treatments of some sort had caused a lot of her hair to fall out.

43、We shared things about our lives. I told her about my schooling and growing up. She told me that she had worked for years for an insurance company. She never mentioned family, and I did not ask.We spoke of authors we both had read, and it was easy to tell that books are a great love of hers.I have t

44、hought about her often over the years and how she struggled in a society that places an incredible premium on looks, class, wealth and all the other fineries of life. She suffered from a disfigurement that cannot be made to look attractive. I know that her condition hurt her deeply.Would her life ha

45、ve been different had she been pretty? Chances are it would have. And yet there were a sensitivity and a beauty to her that had nothing to do with looks. She was one to be listened to, whose words were so easy to take to heart. Her words came from a wounded but loving heart, very much like all heart

46、s, but she had more of a need to be aware of it, to live with it and learn from it. She possessed a fine-tuned sense of beauty. Her only fear in life was the loss of a friend.How long does it take most of us to reach that level of human growth, if we ever get there? We get so consumed and diminished

47、, worrying about all the things that need improving, we can easily forget to cherish those things that last. Friendship, so rare and so good, just needs our care-maybe even the simple gesture of writing a little note now and then, or the dropping of some beautiful words in a basket, in the hope that

48、 such beauty will be shared and taken to heart.The truth of her life was a desire to see beyond the surface for a glimpse of what it is that matters. She found beauty and grace and they befriended her, and showed her what is real. 美麗人生她有著一種與外表無關(guān)的靈氣和美麗。她的話語輕而易舉地征服了人心，她正是我們要聆聽的聲音。很多人都說人生的真諦是個未知的概念。言詞的

49、費(fèi)力詮釋、藝術(shù)的著力表現(xiàn)還有人類那似乎永無休止的紛繁思考，三者都苦苦追尋人生的真諦。希望走近以至完全把握存在的真意可以令人十分狂熱。有時候，有些人以自己篤信的真理為志趣，追尋真理甚于保全生命，于是就有舍生取義之舉。然而，也有另外的一種人生，他們在尋求真諦的過程中灌溉生命。過去，我常常在教堂的心意籃里面發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)美的小短文，有些是關(guān)于我的布道，有些是作者日常讀圣經(jīng)的感想。寫這些短文的人不僅對我的一些觀點(diǎn)加以反思，同時還會引用一些他/她曾經(jīng)讀過的，令他/她難忘又喜愛的詩人或者神秘主義者的話。我給這些短文迷住了。我看到了一個執(zhí)著于追尋真與美的人。其珍而重之的字句，優(yōu)美動人。我還感覺到好像那些字句也樂

50、于讓我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們是那么毫無保留地，慷慨地為這無名氏作者借用，而現(xiàn)在輪到這位無名氏來學(xué)習(xí)與人分享這些美文的奧秘。分享令美愈加閃耀生輝，在這個意義上說，其實世上唯一的真理是分毫不費(fèi)的。過了很久我才見到這些短文的作者。一個星期天早上，我被告知有人正在辦公室等我。幫我應(yīng)門的年輕人說“是個女人，說留言是她放的。”看見她的時候我大吃一驚，因為我馬上就認(rèn)出她是我的教區(qū)信徒，只是我一直不知道那些短文是她寫的。她坐在辦公室的一張椅子上，兩手相扣擱在大腿上，低垂著頭。在抬頭看我的時候，她微笑起來卻十分費(fèi)勁。那是一張破了相的臉，外科手術(shù)使她的臉皮繃得緊緊的，笑對她來說也是很困難的。為了去除臉上礙眼的肉瘤她接受了手

51、術(shù)治療，這令她吃盡苦頭。那個星期天早上我們聊了一會兒，并決定那個星期再找個時間一起吃頓午飯。后來我們不止吃了一頓午飯，而是好幾頓。每次一起吃飯的時候她都戴著帽子。我想可能是她接受的某種治療使她掉了不少頭發(fā)。我們分享了各自生活中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。我跟她講我讀書和成長的故事。她告訴我她在一家保險公司里已經(jīng)工作多年了。她從來沒有提過自己的家庭，我也沒有問。我們還談到大家都讀過的作家作品，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)她非常喜歡看書。這些年我經(jīng)常想起她，在這個以外表、地位和財富等虛名浮利掛帥的社會中她是怎樣一路挺過來的呢？毀掉的容顏使她怎么也無法變得耀眼迷人。我知道這深深地刺痛著她。如果她長得漂亮，她的生命軌跡會不會有所不同呢？

52、有可能。不過她有種獨(dú)特的靈氣和美，與外表完全無關(guān)。她的話輕而易舉地征服了人心，她正是我們要聆聽的聲音。她的雋語出于一顆受過傷卻充滿愛的心，就像所有人的心一樣，只不過她比別人更注重對自己心靈的關(guān)注、用心去體會生活并從中學(xué)習(xí)。她擁有一種細(xì)膩的美感。她生命里唯一的恐懼就是失去朋友。我們究竟要花多長時間才能達(dá)到如此高度的成熟？能否最終達(dá)到還是個未知數(shù)呢。我們老覺得身心疲憊，懷才不遇，只顧為眼前的不足憂心忡忡，卻忘了珍視一些歷久常新的東西。友誼珍貴而美好，只需我們用心呵護(hù)，有時候簡簡單單的表示就已經(jīng)足夠了，譬如偶爾寫幾句話給朋友，或者在籃子里投入一些優(yōu)美動人的字條，以期大家都能分享，記住美妙的時刻、美好

53、的感覺。她生命的真諦就是要透過事物的表面一睹其真正的本質(zhì)。她發(fā)現(xiàn)了美和上帝的慈愛，而美和慈愛也待她如友，把生命的真諦呈現(xiàn)給她。論愛情培根Of LoveThe stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it does much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury.

54、 You may observe, that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient or recent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weak passion. You must except, neverth

55、eless, Marcus Antonius, the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof the former was indeed a voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was an austere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can find entrance, not only int

56、o an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept. It is a poor saying of Epicurus, Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus; as if man, made for the contemplation of heaven, and all noble objects, should do nothing but kneel before a little idol, and make himself a su

57、bject, though not of the mouth (as beasts are), yet of the eye; which was given him for higher purposes. It is a strange thing, to note the excess of this passion, and how it braves the nature, and value of things, by this; that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole, is comely in nothing but in love

58、. Neither is it merely in the phrase; for whereas it hath been well said, that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty flatterers have intelligence, is a man's self; certainly the lover is more. For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself, as the lover doth of the perso

59、n loved; and therefore it was well said, That it is impossible to love, and to be wise. Neither doth this weakness appear to others only, and not to the party loved; but to the loved most of all, except the love be reciproque. For it is a true rule, that love is ever rewarded, either with the reciproque, or with an inward and secret contempt. By how much the more, men ought to beware of t