科技英語復習資料

1、科技英語復習資料（來源：老師授課用PPT）一漢譯英1.本文介紹了熱能制冷技術和燃料電池的工作原理及其特點。針對燃料電池汽車余熱浪費大的特點，提出了利用其余熱制冷為燃料電池汽車空調提供冷源的方法，并對其可行性進行了研究。 This paper introduces the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel

2、 cell automobile is wasted, this paper proposes the program of providing the cold source for the automobile air-conditioner with the refrigeration driven by the wasted heat and studies the feasibility of it.2.只有通過對該系統(tǒng)性能的研究，我們才能了解它的優(yōu)點。Only through the study of the performance of the system, we can un

3、derstand its advantages.3.葉片裝在銑床上。Vanes stand on the milling machine.4.十五年前，電子戰(zhàn)在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭中偶有應用。Fifteen years ago, electronic warfare saw only sparse service in Korea.5.如果我們測得地震波的走時和振幅，我們就能夠確定地下的幾何形狀并估算與巖石速度和密度有關的聲阻抗。Seismic measurements of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give

4、 estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.6.我們在分析破損材料時，通常需要先做直觀判斷，再做實際試驗。Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-life testing.7.電子計算機之所以效率高，是由于其運算速度快，而且計算準確。The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great

5、 speed and accuracy in calculation.8.即使我們將普通食鹽溶于水，也不能改變其化學性質。 Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties. 9.活塞與汽缸的配合間隙，對于發(fā)動機的使用壽命影響很大，影響配合間隙的主要因素是活塞在工作狀態(tài)下的變形。真實反映活塞變形情況，國內已廣泛采用有限元法進行數(shù)值分析。Since the joint gap between a piston and a cylinder has great infl

6、uence on the service life of an engine, and the primary factor influencing the joint gap is the deformation of piston under working condition, it is important to show up the actual deformation of piston and for this purpose the finite element method has been widely applied to analyze it numerically

7、in China.10.本文將Q過程重新分類，得到每類Q過程存在、唯一性準則以及一般表達式，我們的結果在過程構造及定性理論，特別在含瞬時效的Q過程的構造及定性理論中有重要應用。 In this paper, Q-processes are classified in a new method and the existence and uniqueness as well as the forms of each class of Q-process are obtained. The result obtained has important application in the const

8、ruction and qualitative theory of Q-processes, especially, in that of instantaneous state Q-processes.11.本文對一個主跨400m的大型混凝土斜拉橋在汽車與人群載荷下的狀態(tài)進行了非線性分析，給出了全橋各控制截面力學量的非線性影響系數(shù)。分析表明這類橋的非線性影響系數(shù)可達15%左右。In this paper, a large concrete cable-stayed bridge with a 400-meter-long main span under the loads of vehicl

9、es and human groups is analyzed by nonlinear theory and the nonlinear influence factors of mechanical quantities at controlling sections of the bridge are evaluated. It shows that the nonlinear influence factors of this kind of bridge may reach about 15%.12.近40年來，在大量工程設計實踐中，我院積極采取新技術、新材料和新設備，榮獲部優(yōu)、省優(yōu)

10、設計獎25項。In recent 40 years, the designers of the institute have actively adopted new techniques, new building materials and new equipment in their design practice. As a result, the institute has won 25 prizes for excellent designs awarded by the Ministry and the Province. 13.本文介紹了CAPP系統(tǒng)中自動生成和輸出工序圖的基本

11、方法，并重點論述了比例設置、剖面線的繪制，尺寸、公差、粗糙度的標注等基本問題，其中剖面線的繪制方法是比較獨特、新穎和通用的方法。In this paper, a basic method of automatic creation and output operation figure in CAPP is introduced. The emphasis is laid on setting proportion, drawing section line, indication of size, tolerance and roughness and other basic problem

12、s, among which the method of drawing section line is not only distinctive and novel but also of universal use.14.誰也不清楚的問題當然需要詳細討論。This problem that nobody knows how to solve needs to discuss in detail.二、英譯漢1. Electricity can be measured in amount and quality. 電可以用數(shù)量和質量來度量。 2.Instrument transformers

13、are installed on the high-voltage equipment.互感器安裝在高壓設備上3.Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants. 電能是在發(fā)電站或發(fā)電廠產(chǎn)生的 4.Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrica

14、l energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in Farads.電能可以儲存在被一絕緣介質隔開的兩塊金屬板中，這樣的裝置被稱為電容器，它儲存電能的能力就被稱為電容。電容的測量單位是法拉。 5.The signal should be filtered before being amplified. 放大信號前，應先對其進行濾波6.Once being placed in the sun, an object becomes hot.物體放置在太陽下會變熱。7.Before designing a new electronic product w

15、e must do various experiments.在設計一個新的電子產(chǎn)品之前，我們必須做各種實驗 8.Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.改變電阻是控制電流的一種方法 9.Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.傳導電流意味著電子在物體內的流動 10.The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase

16、 switch-mode inverter.圖1中用框圖表示的電源是一個單相開關逆變器11.A three-phase circuit, as pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits. 正如上面所指出的那樣，三相電路只不過是三個單相電路的組合。12.The transistor working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier. 工作于正確電源極性下的晶體管，作用就像放大器。13The capacity of indiv

17、idual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.單臺發(fā)電機的容量越來越大，目的就是滿足不斷增長的用電需求。14.The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit. 保險的作用就是保護電路。15.If possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system. 可能的話，這個系統(tǒng)應該使用開環(huán)控制方法。 16.As in Fig.1, ther

18、e is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.就像圖1所示的那樣，這個閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)中有一個反饋元件。 17.The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.這個裝置包括一個互感器和一個有兩個電路的繼電器系統(tǒng)。18.It has been mentioned above that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal,

19、 that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.前面已經(jīng)提到：金屬中電子能自由地通過金屬，電子的移動在金屬中形成了電流，電子在熱傳導中起著重要的作用。19.The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles

20、for which the stator is wound.磁阻電動機以某一速率同步動轉，該速率是由電源頻率和定子繞制的級數(shù)決定的。20.The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the makers works.交磁發(fā)電機的試驗將在本節(jié)中敘述，它主要涉及每臺電機在離開制造廠前應進行的試驗。21.All rad

21、iant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water. 所有的輻射能都具有波的特性，與水中移動的波的特征相似。 22.The instruments present include some digital ones relative to DSPs 到場的儀器中還有一些與DSP有關的數(shù)字儀器 ，Digital Signal Processing 數(shù)字信號處理22.The lathe should be set on a firm base.車床應安裝在堅實的底座

22、上。 23.As we know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 眾所周知，堿與酸起反應生成鹽。 24.A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector.晶體管有三個極，即發(fā)射極、基極和集電極。25.We have now accumulated a considerable body of knowledge about mechatronics.目前，我們在機械電子學方面已經(jīng)積累了大量知識。（名詞）26.They are in desp

23、erate need of this kind of bodied oil.他們非常需要這種聚合油。（過去分詞）27.Imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown.想象力能使未知事物的形象呈現(xiàn)出來。（動詞）28.Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC.AB線是三角形ABC的底邊。 29.Mathematics is the base of all other sciences, and arithmetic, the science of numbers, is the base of math

24、ematics. 30.數(shù)學是所有其他科學的基礎，而算術，即數(shù)的科學，則是數(shù)學的基礎。31.It is impossible to predict in detail the shape and mechanism of the robot slave. It might carry its computer and response mechanism around with it and also its source of power.現(xiàn)在詳細地預言這種機器人的形狀和機理是不可能的。它可能自身帶有電子計算機和反應裝置及能源。32.The independent chuck has fou

25、r jaws, while the universal chuck has only three.分動卡盤有四個爪，而萬能卡盤只有三個。 33.Whichever way the two-way switchers are left, one of the wires is alive and the other is dead.無論這兩個雙路開關合在哪一邊，兩根導線中總有一根是帶電的，一根是不帶電的。34.Such a ring of conductors is called an electric circuit. 導體的這樣一個環(huán)路稱為電路。 35.The beauty of laser

26、s is that they can do machining without ever physically touching the material.激光的妙處就在于它能進行機械加工而不必實際接觸被加工的材料。 36.The difference between fusion and fission do not stop here. 聚變和裂變的差異不僅如此。 37.Optics technology is one of the most sensational development in recent years. 光學技術是近年來轟動一時的科學成就之一。 38.The elect

27、ric generator has been given a good checking.該發(fā)電機已經(jīng)過徹底檢查。 39.There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.我們要完全掌握集成電路技術，還必須經(jīng)過三個階段。 40.Various speeds may be obtained by the use of large and small pulleys.利用大小皮帶輪可以獲得不同的轉速41.The foundation of the m

28、achine should not be constructed at a place of conspicuous temperature change, due to direct sunshine, excessive heat or vibration, or at a place contaminated with soil or dust particles.機床的地基不應建立在由于陽光直曬而引起溫度明顯變化的地方、過熱或受振的地方，或受塵土污染的地方。42.Lakes and rivers that are heavily polluted with organic materi

29、al are liable to contain less dissolved oxygen than does nonpolluted water.受到有機物嚴重污染的湖泊和河流，比起未受污染的水來說，其中的溶解氧通常要少一些。43.The book has already been translated into many languages.該書已譯成好幾種語言。44.For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.長期以來，鋁被當作一種有

30、效地防止金屬腐蝕的材料。45.The work must be finished at once.該項工作必須馬上完成。46.Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.三臺機器能由一個操作者操縱。47.They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be built beside the classroom building.他們準備明年在這兒建一座圖書館，就建在教學樓旁邊。48.Every moment of every day, energy

31、 is being transformed from one form into another.每時每刻，能量都在由一種形式形式變?yōu)榱硪环N形式。49.Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication.潤滑能減少摩擦，延長機器壽命。50.The newly-found building material is widely used home and abroad.國內外廣泛采用這種新型建筑材料。51.Quality must be guaranteed first. 首先要保證質量。52.

32、Solar energy will be used on a large scale. 人們將大規(guī)模使用太陽能。53.This kind of steel is not corroded by air and water.這種鋼不會被空氣和水腐蝕。54.The plan was especially supported by those who wished to have more chance to speak English.這個計劃特別受到希望多有機會說英語的人的支持。55.With computer, the ideas of todays scientists can be stu

33、died, tested, distributed, and used more rapidly than ever before.有了計算機，科學家們的理論今天就可以比過去任何時候更快得到研究、檢驗、傳播及應用。56.The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.能量從一種形式變成另一種形式的過程稱為能量轉換。57.Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-

34、purity silicon.目前，絕大多數(shù)太陽能電池是用高純度的硅晶體制成的。58.Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to took aside a patients body.電子產(chǎn)生的是x射線，醫(yī)生可以用它透視病人的身體。59.If a 10-kilogram box is lifted one meter the work done is 10 kilogram-meter.如果把已知10千克的箱子升高1米，則所做的功為10克/千米。 60.Mechanical energy can be chan

35、ged into electric energy by a generator.發(fā)電機可以將機械能變?yōu)殡娔堋?1.In the watch making industry, the tradition of high precision engineering must be kept.在鐘表制造業(yè)，必須保持高精度工藝的傳統(tǒng)。 62.Steel is usually made where the iron ore is smelted, so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity, taking in raw materials a

36、nd producing all types of cast iron and steel, both for sending to other works for further and as finished products such as joists and other consumers.譯文：通常煉鐵的地方也煉鋼。因此，現(xiàn)代煉鐵廠是一個配套的整體，從運進原料到生產(chǎn)各種類型的鑄鐵與鋼材；有的送往其他工廠進一步加工處理，有的就制成成品，如工字鋼及其他一些成材。63.This classification includes all metal-cutting machinery, th

37、e action of which is a progressive cutting away of surplus stocka gradual reduction in size until the finished dimensions are reached but excludes sheet metal working machinery and metal-forming and forging machines.譯文：這類機器包括所有的金屬切削機床。其作用在于能連續(xù)切削多余的原料，即尺寸逐漸縮小，直到符合規(guī)定的大小為止。但這類機器不包括金屬板加工機、金屬成型機與鍛壓機。64.A

38、n “alloy” steel is one which, in addition to the contents of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, contains more than 1 percent of manganese, or more than 0.3 percent of silicon, or some other elements in amounts not encountered in carbon steels.譯文：如果一種鋼除含有碳、硫、磷以外，還含有1%多的錳或0.3%多的硅或者一些碳素鋼中不包含的其他元素，那么這種鋼就是“

39、合金鋼”。65.A diode placed in a circuit acts like a valve, allowing current to flow in only one direction.譯文：裝在線路中的二極管像一個只允許電流按一個方向流動的閥門。66.The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its realization being supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, whic

40、h have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed, but new technological processes as well.現(xiàn)代科學的一切成就不僅提供能夠承受高溫高壓的材料，而且也提供了新的工藝過程。依靠現(xiàn)代科學的這些成就，我們相信完全可以制造出這樣的人造衛(wèi)星。67.This year the estimated production of transistor is 400 milli

41、on, and we can safely assume that even this tremendous number is likely to increase.今年的晶體管產(chǎn)量估計是4億只。即使這個數(shù)字雖然已經(jīng)很大了，但我們這樣估計是有把握的。68.A few years later he was able to take out his first patents for high-frequency AC generators and transformers.數(shù)年后，他就獲得了高頻交流發(fā)電機和變壓器的發(fā)明專利，這是他所獲得的最初兩項專利。69.Watching on televi

42、sion, they vicariously jointed the undersea craft Alvin and Jason Jr. as they toured the wreckage of the luxury liner, wandering across the decks past corroded bollards, peering into the officers quarters and through rust-curtained portholes.電視觀眾們似乎身歷其境地跟著潛水船“阿爾文號”和機器人探測器“小賈森號”一起巡視這艘豪華巨輪的殘骸：一起漫步甲板，越

43、過已被銹蝕的系纜柱，凝視高級船員的住艙，透過掛滿鐵銹的舷窗往里看。70The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982.世界經(jīng)濟在20世紀60年代很繁榮，每年平均以5.5%的比率增長，到了70年代中期仍以平均每年4.5%的比率增長，但是在19811982年就完全停止增長了。71.

44、Third World countries export their mineral deposits and tropical agricultural products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界國家出口礦物和熱帶農(nóng)作物，以換取所需的外匯。72.Each cylinder therefore is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continuously, and cooled by

45、 means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans, worked off the main crankshaft, or, in the large diesel-electric locomotives, by auxiliary motors.譯文：因而每個汽缸都用一個水套圍著，水套形成循環(huán)回路的一部分，由水泵驅使水在回路中不停地流動，并用有外部鼓進的空氣來使水冷卻。鼓風用的大型旋轉風扇是由主曲軸帶動的，而在大型電傳動內燃機車上，則由輔助電機帶動。 研究生入學翻譯題 With its theme

46、that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing. Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefor

47、e control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action a

48、s the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ” Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not

49、 accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you dont “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter. Part of the fame of Allens book is its contention th

50、at “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle a

51、rgument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we h

52、ave been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. The sobering aspect of Allens book is that we have no one else to blame for o

53、ur present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible. 我們每個人都認為：自己不是機器人，因此能夠控制自己的思想；愛倫的貢獻在于他研究了這一假說，并揭示其錯誤的本質。我們或許只通過意識就能維持這

54、種控制的幻覺，但事實上，我們卻總是面臨一個問題：我們?yōu)槭裁床荒茏屪约喝プ鲞@件事情，實現(xiàn)那個目標呢？這種說法似乎為忽視需要幫助的人找到了借口，使剝削合理化，令上層人優(yōu)越，底層人卑微。環(huán)境似乎旨在激發(fā)我們的最大潛能，如果我們總感覺“上天不公”，那么不太可能會自覺地努力脫離現(xiàn)狀。積極的一面是，既然萬事都取決于我們，那么就有無限可能。以前，我們能夠熟練應對種種局限；現(xiàn)在，我們把握著未來的可能。其他翻譯常用例型As already discussed 前已討論As explained before 前已解釋As described above 如上所示If possible (necessary)如果可

55、能（必要）If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed (necessary, feasible)必要時Where feasible 在實際可行的場合Where possible 在可能的情況下It is found that據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is illustrated that據(jù)圖示（據(jù)說明）It must be admitted that必須承認It is must be pointed that必須指出It is will be seen from this

56、 that由此可見It was estimated that據(jù)估計 常用詞匯 current流通-電流 loop環(huán)-(電路)回路 flux 通量-磁通 piece 片-零部件 gain 盈利-增益 pig 豬-金屬錠塊 dog 狗-擋板，止動爪 cat貓-釣錨，履帶拖拉機 fish 魚-接合板，夾板 horse 馬-支架 monkey 猴子-活動扳手，起重機 fox 狐貍-繩索 bird 鳥-飛機，火箭 coat 外套-鍍層 cap 帽子-軸承蓋，罩殼 shoe 鞋-閘瓦，履帶片 brush 刷子-電刷 cup 杯子-皮碗 bed 床-底座，機座身 bench 長凳-拉床 house 房子-箱體，罩 disk 唱片-研磨盤 desk 書桌-控制屏 table 桌子-放料盤eye 眼-環(huán)孔 ear 耳-吊鉤 mouth 口-開度 nose 鼻-噴嘴 hand 手-手柄，指針增益 finger 手指-厚