仁愛(ài)八年上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法

1、UNIT 1 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講be going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形1. 表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象，判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。這類(lèi)句子的主語(yǔ)可以是人,也可是物。例如：There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow after noon.明天下午我們學(xué)校將有一場(chǎng)足球賽。（已有告示）I feel terriblethi nk I'm goi ng to die.我感到難受極了，我想我快不行了。Look at those black clouds ！ It's going to rain.看看那些烏云

2、！天快要下雨了。2. 表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的意圖或現(xiàn)已作出的決定，即打算在最近或?qū)?lái)進(jìn)行某事。這種意圖或決定往 往是事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的。例如：He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不準(zhǔn)備去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 瑪麗決定長(zhǎng)大了當(dāng)一名教師。3. 只是單純地預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的事，此時(shí)可與will互換。例如：I thi nk it is going to/will rain this evening.我認(rèn)為今晚要下雨。（1） be going to和will在含

3、義和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算； will多表示意愿、決心。兩者有時(shí)不能互換。例如：He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.他正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加考試。（不能用 will替換）Can somebody help me ？誰(shuí)能幫我一下嗎？I will.我來(lái)。（不能用be going to替換）（2） 在if之后，通常不用 will表示預(yù)言，但可以用be going to表示意圖。例如：If you are going to go to the cinema this evening ，you

4、'd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看 電影，最好帶著外套。be going to也?？梢杂糜谥骶渲小＠纾篒f you invite Jack， there's going to be trouble.如果你邀請(qǐng)杰克，那就要惹麻煩了。如果表示將來(lái)的意愿，will可用于條件從句。此時(shí)will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：If you will learn to play football ， I'll help you.如果你想學(xué)踢足球，我可以幫你。 課堂小測(cè)1. Be careful. The traind.A. will come

5、B. C. comes D. is coming2. Look at those clouds. Ita_ soon, I'm afraid.A. is going to rain B. is rai ning C. will rain D. won't rain3. The radio says itc_ the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows4. _bhesome shopp ing tomorrow after noon ?A. Will does B.

6、is goi ng to do C. isdoi ng D. Shall doUNIT 1 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講Would you mind.,?Would you mind. ?你介意* 喑 /諼你 o you min 爵 doing. ?用來(lái)客氣地 提出情求.耳否定形式為工Would/Do you mind not doing .?你不做行嗎？e.g Would/Do you mind givingme a glass ofwalef?請(qǐng)你給我一ff/K好朗Would/Do you mind not smoking 請(qǐng)你捌抽呱好嗎？回答帶有mint!的間句時(shí)要yes或帥都是針對(duì)minM

7、介意，在乎）選用的表示"介 氯在乎"時(shí)，用嚴(yán)鈴后而跟句子，意思是“不讓對(duì)方做某雷件蔻示“不介意,不 在乎"時(shí)選用tio,后逆跟句子，意思是“允懺對(duì)方做某事”.e.g Would/Do you mind hdpingmewith the heavy加刈你介意幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子嗎？Nor not at all./Certainly not/Of course not.不介意，當(dāng)然可以.Fm sorry, but對(duì)不起，但是動(dòng)名詞前還可以加一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)，一股用形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有鳳e.g Wfaiidyou mind my clo sing tliedoof?你介意

8、找關(guān)上門(mén)嗎？Would you mind tny using your cdtnputer?我可以用 _下你朗電卿嗎? Would/Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎? Yes, youbetter not.是的，你最好別抽. No, certainly not./F介意，當(dāng)然可以抽°Could you please.?Could you please .? = Would you please .一.?都表示客氣' 委婉地提出請(qǐng)求此處不表示過(guò)去時(shí)° e. g. Could you pleas e clean our cla

9、ssroom?請(qǐng)你打掃一下我ff的教室好嗎？wll用作表示意愿的情態(tài)動(dòng)伺wiilS示意!I時(shí)，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.，意術(shù)“愿,會(huì)，要呎e. g. Will you lend me yoi ruler?請(qǐng)你把尺子借給我好嗎？He won't hdp us any mor匕他不愿意再幫助我們了.呦血也可胡表示意懇，比will語(yǔ)氣更委熱UNIT 1 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成表示彳答某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)谿或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作r 常與表示 1斛 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.如 tomarrow, s o onrtiext time/week/tnonth/yeai-. rin

10、. mmute/hour/day/week/month一骰將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：wi!Vshdl+動(dòng)詞原形，血11（英國(guó)英語(yǔ)）用于富一人稱(chēng)（1, we） will（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)）可用于各種人稱(chēng)*將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定形式；I/W&Tou/H於he/It/They+will 或I/WedBll e g IwiH wait for you at the school.我會(huì)在學(xué)校等你We shall visit her tomgjit.ft們今晚去拜誼她 °He will be twenty next birthday."FrS生日他就二十歲了-They will go.他 1門(mén)要走了 B

11、2. 般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定形式r lAVYou/He/Sli&lt/They4-will+ nM,或 1/W亡 shadl not.will 的主語(yǔ)后?？s寫(xiě)為T(mén)，will not常?？s寫(xiě)為worft, shall nofS?？s寫(xiě)為shanle.g. I won't laid this book to you 我不會(huì)JffiS本書(shū)倩給你.We shall not go to school the day after tomorrow.后天我們不上學(xué).They won't get there at 8:00.們 8 點(diǎn)® 不了那里。乳一fl?將來(lái)時(shí)的疑間句形式：Shal

12、l 1/We,g（； Will you/he/she/it/they.4.在疑問(wèn)句中用來(lái)征詢(xún)聽(tīng)話人的j和愿望.e g. Will you please come in?請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái) 好嗎？Shall we help him clean the ro mnoWTW門(mén)現(xiàn)在要幫助他打掃房間嗎？氐在條件狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主旬中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從旬中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).e. g. I will phone you as soon as I get tiiere.我一到那兒就給你打電話-I won't go to the park if it rams.女口果下雨我就不去公園了-般將

13、來(lái)時(shí)育兩種形或be going to dxi和wil do/shall don be going to表示打算 去做或可能發(fā)主的事，will do/shall do多哲客觀上將要發(fā)主的動(dòng)作.e. g. Who is gping to speak fir或?誰(shuí)先發(fā)言？She will be thirteen nest week,下星期她就十三歲了 -隨堂測(cè)試1、 Therea meeti ng tomorrow after noon.A. will be going to B. will going to beC. is going to be D. will go to be( )2. Cha

14、rliehere n ext mon th.A. isn ' t working B. doesn ' t working C. isn ' t going to workingD. won ' t work()3. Hevery busy this week, hefree n ext week.A. will be; is B. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be( )4. Therea dolph in show in the zoo tomorrow eve ning.A. was B. is going to

15、 haveC. will have D. is going to be()5.-youfree tomorrow? - No. Ifree the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be()6. Motherme a n ice prese nt on my n ext birthday.A. will gives B. will giveC. givesD. giveUNIT 2 Topic

16、1 語(yǔ)法精講表示建議的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示建議的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, can, may等有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：常當(dāng)用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng) 作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度或情感.有實(shí)際詞義，但不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形連用，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng) 的變化.should具否定形式should not縮寫(xiě)為shouldn't.A可以表示勸告*崖議，一般譯作*應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)作eg. You should answer try question in English.你應(yīng)當(dāng)用英書(shū)回答我的問(wèn)題-You should help each other你們應(yīng)該互相幫助.You shouldn?t talk in classic不應(yīng)該在課堂上亂說(shuō)話

17、.B:表示預(yù)測(cè)，可能.千e g. He should be in the classroom.他應(yīng)該在教室里.C:表示說(shuō)話人的感情i如驚奇、憤怒、失望等.e g. Why should 1 go?我為什么應(yīng)該去？（表示不滿）may: If you don7t understand, you may go and ask Miss Wang.如果你不明白，你可以去間王 老師can:You can go to see a doctor.你能去看醫(yī)生.UNIT 2 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講must的用法（一）must否定式mustn't是的縮寫(xiě)形式其意恩是"禁止，不訊不準(zhǔn)， 定不要

18、，一定不許Se g. You mustnl drink the water 你不訐喝這水-You mustnt throw the paper on the floor 你不準(zhǔn)把紙扔到地上°注意：不用mustn?t來(lái)回答由must!必須、一定裏）開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句，而應(yīng)用nEEdrft(don?thave to)»e.g. Must he clean the room before class?他一定要在課前打掃教室翊 肯定回答：Yes, he must.是的，一定要.否定回答：Ngheneedift/doesnShayetm不,不必.UNIT 2 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講must

19、的用袪（二）1懵態(tài)動(dòng)詞mu或強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看袪，意思是“必須，應(yīng)該件含有要求、命令之意.e.g. You must finish your hamcwork血北你必須先完成家庭作業(yè)°I must work hard at my lessons,St必狽努力學(xué)習(xí)各0功陳2. mu吐否定式為mustnj意為"禁止，不得"e.g He mu£tn, t leave here before tai o'clock,十點(diǎn)之巴% 不得離開(kāi)這兒.3, nw砒表示必然結(jié)果，意為“一定，必定耳 込eg. If you don't wortc hard, you

20、must feil in血exam如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)的話.佛必定不會(huì)通 過(guò)著試.4 表示有把握的推測(cè)，意思是°肯定打否定推測(cè)用can not縮寫(xiě)為cante.g. There must be something wrong with the machine器肯定出了故陣.He can't be so血.他不可能那么老.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某 事的發(fā)生；2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have夕卜，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人 稱(chēng)，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加-s。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有

21、非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞，等形式。一、比較 can 和 be able to1）can could表示能力；可能 （過(guò)去時(shí)用could）,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式 （could）。 be able to可以 用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soo n. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用 be able toa.位于助動(dòng)詞后。b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。c.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用 was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe bef

22、ore the war broke out.He man aged to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)1 ）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could ）。Could I have the televisi on on?Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2）在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。He could n't be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。二、比較 may 禾口 might1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)；may放在句首，表示祝愿。May God ble

23、ss you!He might be at home.注意：might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。2）成語(yǔ)：may/might as well，后面接不帶to的不定式，意為”不妨”。If that is the case, we may as well try三、比較 have to 禾口 must1）兩詞都是必須的意思，have to表示客觀的需要，must表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the ni ght.我弟弟病得很厲害，

24、我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。（客觀上需要做這件事）He said that they must work hard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2）have to有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而 must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have tomust n't表示"禁止”，You don't have to tell him about it.You must n't tell him about

25、it.表示"不必"你不一定要把此事告訴他。 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。四、must表示推測(cè)1）must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為"一定”。2）must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞 be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷）He must be worki ng in his office.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must be stayi ng there.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。

26、He must stay there.他必須呆在那。3）must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must要接完成式。I did n't hear the pho ne. I must have bee n asleep.我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話，我想必是睡著了。4）must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。Why did n't you answer my phone call?Well, I must have bee n sleep ing, so I did n't hear it.5）否定推測(cè)用can't 。如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才If

27、Tom did n't leave here un til five o' clock, he can't be home yet.離開(kāi)這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。五、表示推測(cè)的用法can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下：1 ）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。1 don't know where she is, she may be in Wuha n.2 ）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。At this mome nt, our teacher m

28、ust be correct ing our exam papers. 這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3 ）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。We would have fini shed this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last ni ght.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。Your mother must have bee n look ing for you

29、.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5） 推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問(wèn)形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒(méi)有找回他的車(chē)，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财?chē)來(lái)上班的。 注意：could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測(cè)的程度不如can, may 。六、should 禾口 ought toshould和ought to 都為”應(yīng)該”的意思，可用于各種人稱(chēng)。Ought he to go?Yes. I think he ought to.表示要

30、求，命令時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣由 should（應(yīng)該）、had better 最好）、must （必須）漸強(qiáng)。七、had better 表示”最好”had better相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為”本來(lái)最好”。You had better have come

31、 earlier.八、would rather 表示”寧愿”would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 寧愿而不愿。還有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示”寧愿”、”寧可”的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not con ti nue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here tha n go home. = I would stay here rather tha n go home.九、

32、will 和 would1) would like ; Would like to do = want to想要，為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2) Will you？ Would you like?表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說(shuō)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句中一般用some,而 不是any。Would you like some cake?3) 否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用 will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語(yǔ)氣。Won't you sit down?十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式問(wèn)句肯定回答否定回答Need you ？ Yes, I must. No,I ne

33、ed n'tMust you ？ /don't have to.十、 帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶 to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上 have got to ,(=must),be able to ，為六個(gè)。它們的疑問(wèn)，否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the mon th?She did n't use to play tennis before she was fourtee n.You ought not to have t

34、old her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，變疑問(wèn)，否定時(shí)，須有do等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。典型例題Tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tellC.be telli ngD. havi ng told答案A。由于后句為過(guò)去時(shí)，告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但它在 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 后，所以用have 。十二、比較 need禾口 da

35、re這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問(wèn)句，否定 句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面的to時(shí)?？梢员皇÷浴?）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need（需要，要求）n eed + n. / to do sth2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為 need not。Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I need n't.3）need的被動(dòng)含義：need, want, require, worth （形容詞）后面接 doing也可以表示被動(dòng)： n eed doi

36、ng = n eed to be done隨堂測(cè)試1. Must I finish my homework today ？No， you.A. can 't B. needn ' t. C. mustn t. D. may not2. I speak to Mary ？Mary Speak ing.A. Must B. NeedC. MayD. Shall3. This math problem is too hard. Nobodydo it.A. may not B. mayC. can t D. can4. Can you speak Japa nese？No， I.A.

37、 can t B. mustn 't C. may not D. needn t5. Youstop whe n the lights are red.A. may B. canC. should D. must6. Youplay football in the street. It s dan gerous.A. can t B. shouldn 'tC. mustn t D. wouldnUNIT 3 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講Used toused to do sth,意為 叫以前常做過(guò)去常常做1 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、狀態(tài)，常用于過(guò)去形式，時(shí)態(tài)不變e g I used to

38、go fishing on Sund那.我QA前常在星期日去釣魚(yú).2, i般動(dòng)詞相同，否走句用didn*t use to?也可用used not/usednJt toT但大多數(shù) 人喜歡用cHdnJt use to.e g. He didn't use 憶 drink. =He used not to drink 他以前下經(jīng)常喝酒”'、乳疑問(wèn)句也跟一般動(dòng)詞相同，常用Did . use . ?也可用Used, to ,r ?e g. Xd you use to be a teacher?=Used you to bEateacher?你UA前是老師嗎？ 4有時(shí)替代前述的動(dòng)詞以曜免重

39、復(fù).e.g. I don't smoke these days, but I used to,我現(xiàn)在不抽煙，限我以前抽 be/geVbec ome used to (doing；) sth.表示"習(xí)慣干，注意它used to do sth.的區(qū)別"e g. You will soon get used to our way of living.你將很快習(xí)慣于我們的生活方武 He is us ed to getting up early.他習(xí)慣早起.UNIT 3 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講感嘆句(1) 用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情縉.感嘆句一般有以下結(jié)構(gòu)：1)

40、What+(afai)+解容詞V詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+耳他！2) How +形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他！e g What a good idea (it is)!真是個(gè)好主意！What an interesting story (it is)!這是個(gè)多有趣的故事?。ow hard he works!*他工作是多么努力??！'How cold (it is) today!今天多冷的天啊!注意：Wha闔導(dǎo)的感嘆句，如蠱詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),即用Whata/an+形容詞卜!如果名詞是復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前面不加也 即用WI直+形容詞+名詞十一!隨堂小測(cè)()1. What a frie ndly per

41、son! We all like talki ng with him.A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is()2.swimmi ng in this river!A. How great funB. What great funC. How a great funD. What a great fun()3.sad n ews it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble.A. What a B. WhatC. How a D. How()4. Whatfine weather we have

42、these days!A. a B. the C. / D. an()5.lovely day! Let ' s go for a walk.A. What B. What a C. How D. How a()6.dan gerous it is to ride on a busy road!A. What B. What a C. HowD. How aUNIT 3 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)主的動(dòng)作. 1，各種句式的構(gòu)成；肯定旬！主語(yǔ)4was/were+ doing,當(dāng)主高是第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) 時(shí)*助動(dòng)詞be用

43、was*當(dāng)主唐是其他人稱(chēng)都用were-e g. IZHe/She was reading newspaper at that time 男E時(shí)我 /他 /她正在看扌艮 紙-They were wat ching TV from 8:00 to Q nqrhp day before 乎西 ter day 一前天從宮點(diǎn), 到9點(diǎn)他們?cè)诳措娨?7否走句；在助動(dòng)詞wasAvere后面直接加noUe. g. He was ncit playing football when I saw him.當(dāng)我看到他的時(shí)候，他不是在踢足球.一般疑問(wèn)句及回答；把助動(dòng)詞was/werel到句首變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句，回 答肯走

44、形式是 Yes主高+ was/ were ； 否走形式是 No,主吾+ was/were+noUe. g Ws he singing? Yes, he was./Mo, he wasnL 他在口昌歌嗎？是的，他在 唱。/不*他沒(méi)有。2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去杲一時(shí)剽正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1 at that time, at that moment, this time yesterday, at nine yesterday momingW表示過(guò)去 的時(shí)瓦I狀語(yǔ)1GA 及由日筑when, whil亡引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用-e. g. I was teaching my litt

45、le brother at that time last night,昨天晚上那個(gè)時(shí)侯我在藪我的小弟弟.What were you doing when I caled you last night?昨天晚上我給你打電話時(shí)你在干件么7表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的功作，常與時(shí)間狀唐th北days, that week, last night 等連用-e g They were planting trees those days,男E些天他f門(mén)在植捌口He was visiting Beijing that week,男E周他在：!匕京拳觀X過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一殷過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去進(jìn)行映雖調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行

46、14和連續(xù)性、Y過(guò)去時(shí)雖調(diào)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng) 作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果，說(shuō)明肓過(guò)這件事口e g. I was doing my homework yesterday.昨天我在做作業(yè)“I did my homework yesterday 昨天我做了作業(yè).（2）當(dāng)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，尤其是過(guò)程中發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作時(shí)，都用一 般過(guò)去時(shí)。eg. I began to do some reading at seven Then I went to bed at ten.我*?點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始看書(shū).然后10點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué).隨堂小測(cè)1. My brotherwhile hehis bicycle and hurt h

47、imself.A. fell, was riding B. fell, were ridingC. had falle n, rode D. had falle n, was ridi ng2. Tominto the house whe n no one.A. slipped, was look ing B. had slipped, lookedC. slipped, had lookedD. was slipp in g, looked3. The last time I _ Jane shecotton in the fields.A. had see n, was pick ingB

48、. saw, pickedC. had see n, pickedD. saw, was pick ing4.1 don ' t thi nk Jim saw me; heinto space.A. just staredB. was just stari ngC. has just stared D. had just stared5.1 first met Lisa three years ago. Sheat a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was work ingUNIT 4 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講1 形容詞、副詞比校級(jí)的構(gòu)成

49、(1) 規(guī)則變化； 骰在詞尾加 er 或旳t e.g. fresh fresher freshest; long longer longest; fiew fewerfiewest 以字母亡結(jié)尾的形容詞，加 t或 st, e. g strange一 stranger一 strangest; late一later 一 latest 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)這一輔音宇母，再加武 或 Est. eg. hothatter "hottest, bigbigger一biggest, wet-wetter1wettest 以輔音字母結(jié)尾的収音節(jié)詞，先改y為w再加er或

50、wte.g. happyhappier happiest; healthy health er healthiest 制分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞前面加nor或must構(gòu)威比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)e g. beautitbl more beautiful most beautiful, dangerousmore danger口諺m口st dangeroiis; activemore activemost active(2) 不規(guī)則變化工 good/weU better best; Ettle/fewlessleast; many/'iruchmore 一 most; bad/ill wors e w

51、orst; far一 farther/further一 ferthes忖 furthest2.形容詞、副詞比校級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法(1)比較級(jí)A<B或占比經(jīng)常與than搭配，或給出比較的兩個(gè)內(nèi)容口可用much, a Ellie, many, even, a lot, 3等修飾來(lái)加強(qiáng)喬氣，表示“得多/ 點(diǎn)"：常用于“比較級(jí)吧han"結(jié)構(gòu).亠eg. Sheis mar eb eauhM than her friend她的朋友漂亮得多 <>Li La runs a ittle faster than Tom.李雷比湯姆跑得快一點(diǎn) 三S或三者以上比規(guī) 用最高級(jí)，

52、63;給出比瞬圍。其中副詞最高級(jí)前的誠(chéng) 可以省略 常用“叢高級(jí)+of(in)+范圍耳其中Df用于同類(lèi)之間的比規(guī)in用于異類(lèi)之間 的比較，是比較范圍。eg I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers 一我認(rèn)為玫瑰花是 所有花中最漂亮的° He is the youngest in the cla強(qiáng)他是班上年齡最小的學(xué)生 Wter is the most important thing to living things of all 對(duì)于所肓生物來(lái)說(shuō)，水是最重要的“ Which animal is the stronge

53、st, the tiger, the sheep or the bear"?老虎、綿豐、馬 咽腫動(dòng)物戢強(qiáng)壯？隨堂測(cè)試1. Which lesson is(difficult) in Book 2?2. Alice writes(carefully ) tha n I.3. This story is( in terest ing) tha n that one.4. That was one of( excit ing) mome nts in 2008.5. This kind of food must be( delicious )tha n that one.6. Beihai

54、 park is one of(beautiful ) parks in Beiji ng.7. Who s(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?8. That is(easy) of all.9. He is(clever )boy in the class.10. Joh n is( short) tha n Tom.UNIT 4 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話的此刻正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為2尿+現(xiàn)在分詞Xe.g.肯走句：The robots are making a car now S些機(jī)器人正在生產(chǎn)小汽車(chē)口否定句e

55、 We are not studying on the Internet.我們沒(méi)有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí).股疑間句 Is the teacher looking呷the word in the ±ctionary?這個(gè)老師正在詞典中查這 個(gè)詞翊持殊疑問(wèn)句；Who is he tallang怕?他在和誰(shuí)談話？過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情.基車(chē)結(jié) 構(gòu)為=was(were)+現(xiàn)在分詞亡電一肯定句i When he came in, I was writing a letter當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我在寫(xiě)一封信 否定句：They weren't watching T

56、V while she was reading 她看書(shū)時(shí) 他fl 沒(méi)在看電視 骰疑間句the UFO flying to us at 8:00 last night?昨晚8點(diǎn)不明飛行物正向我們飛來(lái) 嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句：What were you drinking while we were sleeping?攏們睡覺(jué)時(shí)*你們正在喝件 么？進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)往往用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，when, wh"等逹詞搭配.e g Jtimas iamingwhen we were leavin呂 schod. 我們離開(kāi)學(xué)校的時(shí)候天正下雨.The students were reading while the t

57、eacher was grading their homework 學(xué)生們?cè)诳磿?shū)，而老師正在批改他們的作業(yè).be su作結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定和不肯定be fure般用來(lái)表示肯定，be not sure (whether/if)示不確定口be sure后更可以跟不定式和賓吾從句.跟不定式一般譯步一定”，跟賓語(yǔ)從句. 譯為蟲(chóng)確信Se. g. We are sure to repair the TV well.我們定修好這臺(tái)電視機(jī).I"m sure you can complete your work.我確信你能完戚你的工作.Are you surewhether(if) he switched the computer 口口?(左他打開(kāi)還是沒(méi)和打開(kāi)電胭？ be sure of/about后接名詞,表示共確信，對(duì)*有把握e g He is sure o fhis success他確信能咸功.UNIT 4 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講反意疑問(wèn)句由陳述句（或祈使句、感嘆句）加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句構(gòu)矗的疑間句叫反意疑問(wèn) 句。實(shí)質(zhì)是前面除述句的反問(wèn)句