JonathanSwift學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會計學(xué)1JonathanSwift第一頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Life storyBorn in Dublin, Ireland, as a posthumous child (遺腹子) aid from relatives grudgingly (unwillingly)at war with Authorities;“special favor”Temples house as a private secretaryhelp the talented young man in obscurityAfflicted with a brain disease and unable to

2、 marry第1頁/共53頁第二頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Anglo-IrishFather: sought fortune in Ireland; Mother: EnglishFamily: strong literary connectionsEducation: Off and on by the Glorious Revolution in 1688Read profoundly; familiar with politicsStruggled between the Tories and the WhigsMade friends with PopeLoved with Es

3、ther Johnson - “Stella”Ambition unrealized A national hero in Ireland 第2頁/共53頁第三頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。The relationship between Swifts life experience, major works and satire第3頁/共53頁第四頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。SatirenDefinition The literary art of derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it at

4、titudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation. - A Glossary of Literary Terms 使某一主體顯得荒謬可笑，引起讀者對這一主體產(chǎn)生樂趣、鄙夷、蔑視或憤慨的態(tài)度，并以此來貶低這一主體。- 文學(xué)術(shù)語詞典第4頁/共53頁第五頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。SatirenIntention Satire uses laughter as a weapon, and against a butt that exists outside the work itself, including an individual,

5、 a type of person, a class, an institution, a nation or even the entire human race. - A Glossary of Literary Terms 諷刺將笑作為武器，抨擊存在于作品之外的某個對象，包括某個人，或某種人，某個階級，某個機構(gòu)，某個國家，甚至整個人類。- 文學(xué)術(shù)語詞典第5頁/共53頁第六頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。SatirenSatiric Ways formal satire: persona in the first person indirect satire: indirect form

6、to the readernSatiric Purposes To blend a critical attitude with humor and wit, in order that human institutions or humanity may be improved. To create a shock of recognition and to make vice repulsive to the person or society. 第6頁/共53頁第七頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。SatirenSatire criticize: a) What: human or ind

7、ividual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings. b) How: ridicule 嘲弄; caricature 諷刺; parody 戲仿; Irony 反諷 c) Why: to inspire social reform and improve human nature. 第7頁/共53頁第八頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Causes of Satire in Life Experience Poor GrowthFeeling of UnfairnessSense of Conceit 自負自負Love of Fair Liberty第

8、8頁/共53頁第九頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Representation of Satire in Works A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事The Battle of Books書籍之戰(zhàn)A Modest Proposal一個溫和的建議 Epitaph 墓志銘第9頁/共53頁第十頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。A Tale of a TubpA father (Christ) Coats (Christian doctrines) Peter: Roman Catholics Martin: Anglicans Jack: PuritansuA satire upon all

9、religious sects.第10頁/共53頁第十一頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。The Battle of the BooksuThe Bee & the SpideruTo collect honey & to spin web uThe ancient writers & the modern writersHomer, Aristotle, Plato; Milton, BaconuIt is a satire on pedantry in the literary world.第11頁/共53頁第十二頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。A Modest Pr

10、oposal (extracts) Full title: A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public第12頁/共53頁第十三頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。 I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a you

11、ng healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout. 我在倫敦認識一個見識很廣的美國人，他向我保證說：一個奶水充足的健康兒童養(yǎng)到一歲，其肉是最鮮美，最滋補、最健康的食品，燉、烤，焙、煮都好，無疑也可油煎作為肉丁或加蔬菜做湯。第

12、13頁/共53頁第十四頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children already computed, twenty thousand may be reserved for breed, whereof only one-fourth part to be males; which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle or swine; and m

13、y reason is, that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage, a circumstance not much regarded by our savages, therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females. That the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in the sale to the persons of quality and fortune throu

14、gh the kingdom; always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump and fat for a good table. A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends; and when the family dines alone, the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish, and sea

15、soned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.現(xiàn)謹建議如下，祈請公眾垂鑒。已統(tǒng)計的十二萬名兒童，兩萬可留下傳種，其中四分之一可為男性，此數(shù)已超過牛羊豬豕之類留種的比例，理由是這類兒童大多非正式婚姻所生，粗鄙之流亦不介意此點，因此一男可配四女。余下的十萬可在一歲時賣給國內(nèi)有地位有錢者，事前切囑母親們在最后一月喂足兒童的奶水，使其肥嫩，以備筵席之用。友朋小集，一兒可作兩萊；家庭自享，則一臂一腿可各作一道好菜，若能調(diào)以少量胡椒和鹽，則存放四天后煮吃

16、仍佳，冬季尤然。第14頁/共53頁第十五頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。I have reckoned upon a medium that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, increaseth to 28 pounds.我曾計算，初生兒每個平均重12磅，養(yǎng)育得當，一年后可重28磅。I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as th

17、ey have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children.誠然，此類食品不免價昂，但也因此更合地主們享用。他們既已吞食了兒童的父母，當然也最有資格飽餐這些兒童。第15頁/共53頁第十六頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。But as to my self, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length despairing of

18、 success, I fortunately fell upon this proposal, which as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expense and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, the flesh being o

19、f too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.至于我本人，在提了多年空洞、不切實際的意見，勞而無功之后，以為再無良策了，幸而想到這個建議，不但完全是新的，而且內(nèi)容切實，化錢不多，費事不大，靠我們自力就可實行，因而不會冒得罪英格蘭的風(fēng)險。這類商品不宜出口，因肉質(zhì)太嫩，不宜長期鹽腌不過我也可以說出一個國家的名字，它是可以

20、不加鹽就把我們整個民族吃掉的。第16頁/共53頁第十七頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。I profess, in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor,

21、 and giving some pleasure to the rich. I have no children by which I can propose to get a single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past child-bearing.我懇切聲明：本人提議此事，確因必要，絕無半點私圖，動機只是為了國家公益，為了增加貿(mào)易，安置兒童，救濟貧民，同時也給有錢人一點樂趣。本人并無子女能從中取得分文，蓋最幼之兒已經(jīng)九歲，老妻也早過生育之年了。第17頁/共53頁第十八頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Sw

22、ifts Satire in A Modest ProposalpThe purpose is to attack indifference to the plight of the desperately poor. pA satire to the inhuman cruelties of landlords and the government.p Masked by an outward gravity, and concealed under an apparent calmness第18頁/共53頁第十九頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。lSwift has sailed into

23、his rest.lSavage indignation there cannot lacerate his breast.lImitate him if you dare, world-besotted traveller.lHe served human liberty. Swifts own Epitaph 墓志銘墓志銘 -Translated by Yeats第19頁/共53頁第二十頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。lI lived a busy and tiring life, a life of anger and indignation;lI made enemies throug

24、h my satires, but I have no regrets, lBecause I satirized them all the spirit of freedom for human mankind.lThey could seek me out where in my resting place, and I defy them to do so. Paraphrase 第20頁/共53頁第二十一頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第21頁/共53頁第二十二頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第22頁/共53頁第二十三頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。London.第23頁/共53頁第二

25、十四頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。 Gulliver makes voyages, which are described in the four parts of the book. Lilliput小人國Laputa飛島Brobdingnag大人國Houyhnhnms 馬國第24頁/共53頁第二十五頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。 Of all the ships crew he alone survives. He swims to the shore of a strange land, inhabited by Lilliputians, the tallest of whom i

26、s six inches high.第25頁/共53頁第二十六頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第26頁/共53頁第二十七頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。The king of lilliput第27頁/共53頁第二十八頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。 Little by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighboring state of Blefuseu.第28頁/共53頁第二十九頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第29頁/共53頁第三十頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第30

27、頁/共53頁第三十一頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第31頁/共53頁第三十二頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。tower.第32頁/共53頁第三十三頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第33頁/共53頁第三十四頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。Gulliver第34頁/共53頁第三十五頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。 Compared with Lilliput, the Brobdingnagians have an enlightened monarch. She often interrogates Gulliver on European affairs.第35頁/共53頁第三十六頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第36頁/共53頁第三十七頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第37頁/共53頁第三十八頁，編輯于星期六：十七點 六分。第38頁/共53