高中英語考點精析精練說明文(完形填空)

1、命題點5說明文 本類考題解答錦囊說明文往往圍繞一個問題從不同的側面來加以說明。說明文往往結構嚴謹，句子結構復雜，因此也是高 考完形填空中較難把握的一種文體。要做好高考完形填空中的說明文，最重要還是要抓住作者說明的中心是 什么，說明文話題呈現(xiàn)的方式比較單一，往往是開始就交代說明的對象，然后再從不同的角度加以說明另外 因為說明丈針對某一個對象從不同的側面和角度加以說明，每一段往往就是其中的一個角度或側面，因此大 家應注意概括每一段的中心大意。最后，還要注意文章結尾的段落，因為文章結尾的段落，往往對說明的問 題進行總的概括。I 高考最新熱門題1（典型例題Adults are often surpri

2、sed by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised in the meantime. A man who has not had an opportunity to go swimming for years can 1 swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after several decades and still 2 away.A mother

3、who has not 3 thewords for years can teach her daughterthe poemthat begins "Twinkle,twinkle, little star"or recite the story of Cinderella or SnowWhite.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: 4 we have learned somethmg, additlonal learning increases the

4、5 of time we will remember it.I childhood,we usually continue to practise such skills as swimming,bicycle riding long afterwe have learned them. We continue to listen to and 6 ourselves of poems such as "Twinkle,twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella or Snow White. We

5、 not only learn but 7 The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突擊學習）for an examination, 8 it mayresult in a passing grade,ii not a 9 way to learn a school course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination,but he is likely soon to forget almost everyth

6、ing he learned. A little overlearning, 10 is usually a good investment toward the future. 1. A. only B. hardly C. still D. even 2. A. move B. driveC. travel D. ride3. A. thought aboutB. cared forC. showed up D. brought up4. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless5. 3. accuracy B. unit C. limit D. lengt

7、h6. A. remind B. inform C. warn D. recall7. A. recite B. overlearn C. research D. improve8. A. though B. soC. if D. after9. A. convenientB. demandingC. satisfactoryD. swift10. A. a mostB. by the wayC. on the other hand D. in the end命題目的與解題技巧：本文是完形填空中的說明題材，考查學生的邏輯能力與對文章的整體把握，此類題材 往往是圍繞一個問題從不同的側面加以說明，

8、作者首選列舉人們在日常生活中的經(jīng)驗即學會了的東西一般不 會忘記，從而引出本文說明的主題“充分學習”，然后再通過日常生活中的現(xiàn)象加以說明，最后強調(diào)“充分學習”在人們學習中的作用，比突出學習要好，從而達到了作者說明的“充分學習"lovelearning 的作用，做好此類型題的關鍵是抓住作者要說明的對象，再運用一定的方法進行介紹和說明。1. C解析：根據(jù)第一句的意思，多年不游泳仍然游得很好，選 still .2. D 解析：根據(jù) bicycle 選 ride .3. A 解析：從來沒有想到過，其他選項都不能和words搭配。4. B解析：overlearn的含義就是一次學會后不斷加強記憶，

9、其他不符合題意。5. D解析：時間的長短用 thelength 。ftime .6. A 解析：remlndourselves "提醒自己"；infom 通知，warn警告，recall回憶，都不符合題意。8. A 解析：根據(jù)前后句的not可知雖然突出學習能通過7. B解析：根據(jù)第二段第一句的提示可知選overlearn考試但是不能學好，選 thougll9. C 解析：satisfactory令人滿意的；convenient方便的；demanding過分要求的；swift 迅速的。10. C 解析：前后是說事物兩個方面，選。 ntheotherhand .2.(典型例題T

10、he birthrate in Europe has been in a steady decrease since the 1960s. European countries, realizing crisis is at hand, are .providing great encouragement for parents to create more habies in the 21st century.Affairs Ministry concluded last year that,1 cash encouragement,some women just don't wan

11、t to be 2 holding the haby,"What we know is that it's good for trhe 3 if men and women share the burden of having children, ' says Soren Kindlund,family policy adviser at the Swedish ministry.4 Swedish parents can take their paid leave as they wish,men use a mere 12% of it;60% of father

12、s do not take even a(n) 5 day off work.Experts fear that the tendency for womento use most of the parental leave could makeemployers 6 to give young women the permanent jobs they need to qualify for paid maternity leave (產(chǎn)假).In January, Sweden decided to allow new fathers two months' paid leave,

13、with a warning:use it or 7_it.Kindlund admits that men are under 8 to stay at work, even though parental pay comes out of the public purse. "It's not popular among bosses and perhaps with other men in the workplace. "he says. "But it's good for the father and for the child if

14、they can9 a relationship."In Norway, a(n) 10 policy has worked wonders. 70% of dads in Norway now take parentalleave, and the birthrate of 1.85 children per woman is one of the highest in Europe.1. A. in spite of B. at the cost ofC. in addition to D. due to答案：A 指導：根據(jù)前后意思用inspite 。2. A. sent B.

15、left C. caught D. seen 答案：B 指導：婦女不愿懷孕離開工作。3. A. birthrate B. income C. health D. spirit 答案：A指導：根據(jù)第一段提示用 birthrate .4. A. Just asB. Only ifC. Even though D. Now that答案：C 指導：根據(jù)第一段提示用birthrate .5. A. one B. mere C. only D. single 答案：D指導：singleday強調(diào)連一天都。6. A. willing B. reluctant C. likely D. unable答案：B

16、 指導：雇主是不愿給用完所有帶薪產(chǎn)假的年輕婦女永久的職位，而不是不能或者愿意。7. A. reserve B. misuse C. ignore D. lose答案：D指導：根據(jù)use和or的轉折關系，選lose .8. A. discussion B. attackC. controlD. pressure答案：D 指導：男人是在壓力（pressure）下留下工作。9. A. make out B. add upC. build up D. set aside答案：C 指導：建立關系用 build Warelationship .10. A. impersonalB. similarC. s

17、evereD. global答案：B3.（典型例題The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 1 springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 2 areas like the desert. The control is possible even without possession of large areas of 3 land. In the early days of the American

18、West, sun fights were not 4 for the water resources （資源），and laws had to be 5 to protect the water rights of the 6 and the use of the water resources accordingly.7 is known to us all, there is not 8 water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes, Deciding on the 9 of water that will he

19、used in any particular period 10 careful planning, so that people can manage and use water more 11 . Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water 12 the water supply forecast（預寸艮）.The 13 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 14 than from the below. Interest is 15 in th

20、e ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods,and to getwater from the winter snow on mountain 16 . With special equipment,some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be 17 , and with the help of a repeater station,they send the 18 data（ 數(shù)據(jù)）to the base station. The operato

21、r at the base station can get the data at any time by19 a button. In the near future, the forecast and use of water 20 probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains, not ol water underground.1. A. Using B. Holding C. Owning D. Finding答案：C指導：own擁有。從下文可以看出，由于地球上的水源不充足，凡是有水的地方就意味著需要管理。2

22、. A. dry B. distant C. deserted D. wild答案：A 指導：根據(jù)下文中的thedesert可判斷出是干旱地區(qū)。3. A. fine B. beautiful C. rich D. farming答案：C 指導：richland 富饒的土地。即使沒有大片的富饒的土地也需要管理。4. A. unlawfulB. unacceptableC. unpopularD. uncommon答案：D 指導：uncommon罕有的。這是一個雙重否定句，表示在早期美國西部的人們經(jīng)常為了水源發(fā)生槍 戰(zhàn)。5. A. made B. designed C. read D. writt

23、en 答案：A指導：make laws制訂法律。6. A. winners B. settlers C. fighters D. supporters答案：B 指導：settler移民者。制訂法律保護移民者用水的權力和按照規(guī)定使用水源。7. A. That B. It C. What D. As答案：D 指導：as引導定語從句，意思是"正如8. A. plentiful B. enough C. any D. much答案：B 指導：根據(jù)常識可推斷出世界上沒有足夠的水供人們隨便使用。9. A. type B. quality amount D. level 答案：C 指導：the a

24、mount of water水的數(shù)量。10. A. requestsB. requiresC. meansD. suggests答案：B 指導：require需要。決定任何特殊時期使用的用水量需要仔細計劃。 11. A. effectively B. easilyD. conveniently D. actively 答案：A 指導：e "ectively 有效地。以便使人們更加有效地用水。 12. A. leading toB. due toE. owing toD. according to答案：D 指導：according to 根據(jù)。農(nóng)民必須根據(jù)供水預報改變他們的用水量。 1

25、3. A. correct B. further C. average D. early 答案：A 指導：thecorrectwatersupplyforecast正確的供水預報。14. A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above答案：D 指導： 根據(jù)下文中的dependon the advance knowledge of snow on mountains , not of waterunderground可確定應選 above作為正確答案。the above 指山上的積雪；the below 指地下水。15. A. raising B. rising C. buil

26、ding D. lasting答案：B 指導：rise是不及物動詞，人們對人工增雨的興趣不斷增加。raise是及物動詞，后面要接賓語。16. A. rocks B. tips C. tops D. trees答案：C 指導：on mountain tops 在山頂上。根據(jù)常識可知，在冬天，雪會堆積在山頂上。 17. A. taken care of B. made use ofC. piled upD. saved up答案：B 指導:makeuse of使用?？茖W家正在研究使用山上積雪的方法。 18. A. picked B. produced C. used D. gathered 答案：

27、D 指導：the gathered data積累的數(shù)據(jù)。人們?yōu)榱死蒙缴系姆e雪，需要不斷地收集有關數(shù)據(jù)。19. A. touching B. knocking C. pressing D. turning 答案：C 指導：press a button 按鍵。操作員通過按鍵的方法獲得數(shù)據(jù)。20. A. might B. can C. will D. should 答案：C 指導：根據(jù)時間狀語inthefuture可確定要用一般將來時?？陬}點經(jīng)典類型題1 .（典型例題檢測）When you are swimming , you may shiver as you come out of the w

28、ater. That is specially true if there is a light gentle 1 . You wrap up in a piece of cloth to keep 2 .But still you shiver,and your 3 knock together because of the cold. Water is changing into 4 from your body, and the 5 takes away heat.You shiver because the 6 of your body are trying to produce he

29、at to put back the heat you are 7 . Most body heat is made 8 the muscles. In the cells oxygen is combined with carbo-hydrates（ 碳水化合物）and fats, producing 9 Animal bodies inluding human's" 10 "food just as wood is burned in a fire, 11 the process is slower in the body the heat is set off

30、 gradually. 12 always produce Sometimes more,sometimes 13 When you exercise, 14 more active and so more heat. Whenyou are losing heat 15 , the best do is to 16 . If you don't,you will shiver. That is the other 17 the muscles produce heat. Another way of sayir the muscles move rapidly and continu

31、ously 18 wards. Next time you shiver, try 19 a bit. You'll after two or three 20_ the shivering will disappear can keep normal body temperature.1. A. sunlight B. wind C. water D. heal2. A. cold B. wet C. warm D. dry3. A. hands B. arms C. feet D. teet4. A. air B. steam C. wind D. ice5. A. shiveri

32、ngB. swimmingC. changingD. running6. A. skinsB. musclesC. bonesD. part7. A. gettingB. makingC. producingD. losi8. A. fromB. of C.inD. intc9. A. energyB. musclesC. bloodD. stea10. A. haveB. needC. live on D. bur11. A. exceptB. except thatC. except forD. besides12. A. FoodB. HeatC. FatD. Mu13. A. quic

33、kerB. slowerC. greaterD. less14. A. they'reB. you'reC. it's D. he's15. A. slowlyB. rapidlyC. completelyD. hur16. A. stand still B. sit straightC. run slowly D. lie down17. A. time B. way C. place D. rea18. A. backwardsB. forwardsC. upwardsD. downwards19. A, running B. jumping C. heat

34、ing D. wea20. A. seconds B. minutes C. quarters D. hou答案：1 B 解析：當你游泳后從水里出來時，你可能會發(fā)抖，如果有一點兒小風尤為如此。2 C 解析：裹上一塊布來保暖。3 D 解析： teeth knock together 是人們冷得發(fā)抖時的習慣動作。4 B 解析：根據(jù)邏輯推理可知。5 C 解析：水從你的身體里變成了水蒸氣，這種變化帶走了身體的熱量。6 B7 D 解析：你發(fā)抖是因為你身體的肌肉在試圖產(chǎn)生熱量來彌補你：正在失去的熱量。8 C 解析：這咀的這里的be madein不是表示產(chǎn)于何處，in表示"住里"，所以其

35、他選項不符合題意。9 A 解析：大部分的身體熱量是在肌肉中產(chǎn)生的，在細胞中，氧氣與碳水化合物和脂肪相結合，產(chǎn)生能量。10 D 解析：動物的身體，包括人的身體，就像木頭在火中燃燒一樣“燃燒”食物。11 B 解析： exceptthat 后面接從句。12 D 解析：文中已經(jīng)提過。13 D 解析：肌肉產(chǎn)生能量，有時多，有時少。14 A 解析： they 指 muscles 15 B 解析：運動時熱量消失速度非?？欤蔬xrapidly16 C 解析：當你快速失去熱量時，最好的辦法就是慢跑。17 B 解析：那是肌肉產(chǎn)生熱量的另一種辦法。18 A 解析： backwards 和 forwards 相對。1

36、9 A 解析：第三段第二句已有提示。20 B解析：兩三分鐘以后，身體就不會發(fā)抖了。W新高考命題探究Cloze 1Millions of people in Britain struggle out of bed each morning, fumble（舌L摸）into some clothes, and made their way to a cup of coffee and the morning newspaper. They need something 1 to nanind them that the rest of the day will be 2 different tha

37、n getting up. This need may be the 3 that many of them turn their 4 eyes to the cartoons section of the newspaper as they sip（呷）theirfirst cups of the day.Cartoons reflect （ 反映）the times and the troubles and worries of people. They give people an opportunity（ 機會）to5 themselves and at familiar situat

38、ions. In times of prosperity （繁榮）,for example, cartoons show people 6 the good economic（經(jīng)濟上的）situation. They also make funof the 7 that people make for themselves like making a problem out of which type of car to buy.In 8 times of economic troubles people want someone or something to 9 their trouble

39、son. Cartoons provide scapegoats （ 替身）.They also help people to see the 10 in a not-so-funny situation. 11 , a cartoon might say that the government of a country is responsible for the bad economy and 12 show the government leaders as a group of ridiculous（可笑的）people. Beingable to use the leaders as

40、 scapegoats and to laugh at the leaders somehowmake people feel 13 about their situation.Cartoons also make people laugh at their own personal 14 . Young people who are not always 15 of how to act can smile at their awkwardness（尷尬）.Cid people whose 16 children pay littleattention to them can chuckle

41、（ 暗笑）at their neglect （疏忽）and loneliness. Students who have studied too 17 before an examination can laugh at their worries. Anyone's problems are made bigger than life in the cartoons. Perhaps the problems 18 funny because there is humor in something that is real being made unreal.A cartoon com

42、bines（ 結合）art and humor. When it is skillfully 19 , a simple line drawing and a few words can make people laugh. Their trouble seem less 20 and they enjoy life more fully. 1. A. cheerful B. dull C. pretty D. different 答案：A 指導：英國人想在平淡的日子中找點樂趣，故用 cheerful。different 與后面重復；dull與題意 產(chǎn)生矛盾；pretty般修飾人。2 . A.

43、 most B. already C. nearly D. less答案：D 指導：lessdifferent用于說明英國人日子的平淡。由后面的than可排除其他選項。3 . A. way B. reason C. fun D. doubt 答案：B 指導：前面所提到的需求就是英國人如此偏愛卡通的“原因”。從因果關系人手可排除其他選項。4 . A. sharpC. half-openC. near-sighted D. bright答案：B 指導：前文提到英國人早晨剛剛起床就上看卡通。從“剛剛起床”這一語境可排除其他選項。5 . A. laugh atB. play ticks onC. en

44、courageD. worry答案：A 指導：此處表示英國人借卡通來“自嘲” 。playtrickson 意為“捉弄”，英國人不可能捉弄自己， 故不用B,其他不合題意。6 . A. praising B. enjoying C. making D. improving答案：B 指導：經(jīng)濟狀況好的時候，卡通也反映了英國人“享受”生活的情景。 O D兩項與前面“經(jīng)濟繁 榮”在語意上矛盾；“贊揚”太片面。7 . A. families B. names C. questions D. problems答案：D 指導：此處還是表示英國人喜歡“自嘲” ，嘲笑自己制造的問題。questions為“疑問”，

45、不是實際 要解決的問題；其他不合題意。8 . A. happy B. good C. hard D. modern答案：C 指導：后面有times of economic troubles 作為信息提示，因此用“艱難時期"。由信息提示可 排除其他選項。9 . A. blame B. share C. place D. burden答案：A指導：后面有英國人“找替罪羊”的信息提示，因此此處是找“責備、發(fā)泄”的對象。由信息提示 可排除其他選項。10 .A. pleasure B. humour C. hope D. chance答案：B指導：卡通的作用就是在枯燥的環(huán)境中為人們提供樂趣，令

46、人發(fā)笑。從后面的“不太滑稽”這一信 息提示，可捧除其他選項。11 .A. As a resultB. For exampleC. What's moreD. On the other hand答案：B 指導：下文是舉例說明英國人從卡通中“找樂”的情況。12 .A. too B. only C. also D. either答案：C 指導：and說明前后文是并列關系。either 一般用于否定句；too用在此處位置不對。13 .A. better B. worse C. dearer D. mom puzzled答案：A指導：英國人通過嘲笑政府官員在經(jīng)濟不景氣的環(huán)境中找點好心情。從前面“

47、嘲笑官員”可知，英 國人是為了發(fā)泄白己的不滿，使自己心情好一點。14 .A. successB. happinessC. failureD. worries答案：D 指導：后文所述皆是生活中的“煩惱”。15 .A. sureB. proudC. fondD. hopeful答案：A 指導：由后面“尷尬”可知，這些年輕人對自己缺乏自信。16 .A. cruelB. grownC. badD. useless答案：B 指導：由后面老年人孤獨、被忽略可知，孩子已長大成人。17 .A. much B. hard C. late D. little答案：D 指導：由后面“擔心”可知，這些學生考試之前沒有

48、下工夫。18 .A. seem B. appear C. feel D. look答案：A 指導：此處表示通過夸張使“問題”顯得好笑。seem和appear都表示“顯得"，但seem往往表示有根據(jù)的判斷，而 appear含有“表面上看是一回事，而實際并非如此”之意。 C 19.A. taken B. asked C. brought D. done答案：D 指導：done此處相當于drawn,表示卡通如果畫得好。20.A. necessaryB. importantC. comfortableD. expensive答案：B 指導：有了卡通帶來的幽默，人們可暫時忘掉生活中的煩惱、難題

49、。Cioze 2The benefits of puppy love "Have a talk with your dog and call me in the morning."That's 1 doctors might say after reading the studies that have been done about people andtheir 2 The studies are showing that pets are good for your health. It doesn't seemto 3 whether your pe

50、t is a dog or a lizard （ 蜥蜴）or a gold- fish. Pets may do 4 for you than you will ever do for them.擁抱)your dog.5 you have had a long and tiring day, and feel a little anxious. The best way to 6 may be to chat with your cat or hug (7 of people and pets was done at the University of Pennsylvania. This

51、8 was discovered: the blood pressures of some people who were studied stayed the same or 9 when they spoke to animals.10 blood pressure is important to good health. And, doctors say, blood pressure often goes up when people talk to 11 !Animals also seem to help people who are sick or lonely. People

52、in nursing homesshowed great 12 when pets were brought to them. They liked to 13 the animals and talk to them. And they liked to talk to one another about the animals.One manhad 14 a stroke （中風）and had not spoken for a long time. A puppy （小狗）was placed in his wheelchair. Suddenly the man was laughin

53、g softly. "Puppy,' he whispered.15 at a mental hospital were given small animals, such as white mice, birds. Caring for the pets gave these patients a reason to talk and work together. Many became 16 and more helpfulIn France, people found that pets helped children who 17 not talk to other

54、people. The children first touched and played with pets, then began speaking with adults （成年人）.Do animals have magic（有魔力的）18 to help people? Scientists think the magic is simplylove and trust. Pets are likely to 19 people and show them affection （感情）.They give peoplesomething to 20 about. They make

55、people feel wanted and needed.The studies seem to show that animals are "good medicine". Maybe the animals have known that all along.1. A. what B. when C. why D. how答案：A 指導：what引導表語從句，本身作賓語。其他選項也可以引導賓語從句，但不是作者要表達的問 題。2. A. dogs B. friends C. hobbies D. pets 答案：D 指導：從下文看，研究的是人跟寵物之間的關系。其他選項都

56、偏離了文章的中心。3. A. mind B. care C. matter D. show答案：C指導：此處表示養(yǎng)什么寵物沒有關系。mind"介意"，care “關心、在乎”都不合題意，而且作主語的都是人。4. A. less B. better C. more D. worse答案：C 指導：本文介紹的是養(yǎng)寵物的好處，因此選more。不能說寵物做的“更好”。其他不合題意。5. A. Imagine B. Suppose C. Remember D. Think答案：B 指導：此處是“假設”某種情況。“想像”、“思考”不合邏輯。6. A. calm down B. slow

57、 down C. relax D. ease答案：C指導：從前面人們勞累了一天以及后面“跟寵物聊天及擁抱寵物”判斷，這兒指人們“放松”的方 式。calmdown"鎮(zhèn)靜下來"；slowdown'"放慢速度"；ease"變得容易"都不合題意。7. A. Study B. Relation C. Friendship D. Search答案：A 指導：前面已經(jīng)有信息提示，因此此處還是指對人類跟寵物之間的關系的研究。8. A. news B. rule C. fact D. theory答案：C 指導：研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的只能是“事實”。“新

58、聞”、“規(guī)則”、“理論”都不合題意。9. A. went up B. went down C. changed D. reduced答案：B指導：人們跟寵物聊天，心情放松，血壓應是“下降” 。A項不合題意；C項“改變”沒有說明是好 的方面還是壞的方面；D"減少”不合邏輯。10. A. Average B. Natural C. Ordinary D. Normal 答案：D 指導："正?！毖獕簩θ说慕】涤泻锰帯verage , natural , ordianary 都不能用來修飾血壓。11. A. people B. children C. enemies D. leaders答案：A指導：從“血壓升高”這一信息可推斷出此處指人與“人”交談。12. A. surprise B. joy C. courage D. happiness 答案：B 指導：當寵物被帶到養(yǎng)老院時，人們的表現(xiàn)自然是“高興”?！靶腋！闭Z意太強，用在此處不合適。其他不合題意。13. A. touch B. feed C. raise D. love 答案：A 指導：此處表示人們喜歡“愛撫”寵物。 14. A. hit B. caught C. s