人教版高中英語必修1短語句型語法總復(fù)習(xí)

1、Unit1 Friendship 重點詞組：be good to   對.友好  add up  合計get sth done  使被做 calm down  鎮(zhèn)定下來  have got to  不得不walk the dog  遛狗 make a list of   列出  hide away  躲藏；隱藏be concerned about  關(guān)心；掛念  share sth with sb  和某人分享某物g

2、o through  經(jīng)歷；仔細檢查  set down  放下；記下  a series of 一系列；一套be crazy about  對著迷  on purpose  故意 in order to/ so as to  為了 face to face 面對面地 get along with 與相處 pack up  收拾，打理行裝 according to  按照；根據(jù)所說 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見；做有困難commun

3、icate with sb 和交際 try out  試驗；試用  join in  參加（活動） fall in love  相愛 have the/a habit of doing sth  有做的習(xí)慣   句型歸納：1.I wonder if  我想知道是否. 2. Its because  這是因為.  3. It was the first time that 從句（從句用完成時）4.I would be grateful if  委婉

4、客氣提出請求5. Its a good habit for you to do sth 做某事是一個好習(xí)慣6. sb found it difficult to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難7. A friend in need is a friend indeed.:患難見真情 語法：直接引語和間接引語在形式上是不同的，他們之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的話，有哪些方面需要變換呢？總體如下： 各種句式變換 從句時態(tài)變化 人稱變化 指示代詞、地點副詞、少數(shù)動詞和時間狀語變化一、陳述句直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，原句變?yōu)橛眠B詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that在口語中常省略），從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代

5、詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應(yīng)變化。1. 人稱的變化(一隨主，二隨賓，三不更新)2. 時態(tài)的變化： 直接引語在改為間接引語時，時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。1) 一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時態(tài)； 2) 現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時；3) 現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時；4) 一般過去時過去完成時5)一般將來時過去將來時；6) 過去完成時不變。但要注意在以下幾種情況下，在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。1）直接引語是客觀真理、引用格言時。2）直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。3）直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。5）如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式（例如ought to, h

6、ad better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時（例如could, should, would, might），時態(tài)不再變。3. 指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化：時間狀語：now then; today that day;this evening/ tonight that evening/ that night; yesterday the day before;three days ago three days before; next week the next week; tomorrow the next day; the day after tomorrow

7、in two days time; the day before yesterday two days before/earlier地點狀語：here there指示代詞：this that; these those方向性動詞：come go；bring take二、疑問句： 直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要把疑問句的語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序（主語在謂語的前面），句末用句號，主語的人稱、時態(tài)和狀語也要作相應(yīng)的變化。 一般疑問句：直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，謂語動詞是say或said時，要改為ask或asked，原問句變成由連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。沒有間接賓語的可

8、以根據(jù)情況加上。特殊疑問句：直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。選擇疑問句選擇疑問句變間接引語時，把問句部分變?yōu)閣hetheror引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Unit2 重點詞組：inways 在方面    such as 例如believe it or not 信不信由你come up with 提出 come up to a place 參觀某地even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在末期 be based on 在.基礎(chǔ)上changeinto 把變成 takewith隨身攜帶 the same

9、as 與相同的be a native of 是人 have a command of掌握make a request 請求 request that (should)+v原形 be native to 是的土產(chǎn)動物/植物play a role/ part (in) 在中擔(dān)任角色；在中起作用;扮演一個角色；參與play an important role/ part 在中起重要作用   because of 因為；由于come up (vi) 走進；上來；發(fā)生；被討論make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用from one place to ano

10、ther 從一處到另一處 句型歸納：1. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. (in which= where, 其引導(dǎo)定語從句。 美國是一個大國，國內(nèi)說著許許多多的方言。)2. there is more than one kind of English in the world. (more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)) 3.句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 對于某人來說做某事是 擴充：It is + a

11、dj+ of /for sb to do sth 當(dāng)句式中形容詞修飾to do sth 時用for; 若形容詞修飾sb，則用of.語法：祈使句的間接引語1、直接引語為祈使句時，改為間接引語，用帶to的不定式表達，謂語動詞常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do (由肯定祈使句變成)；ask sb. not to do (由否定祈使句變成)，并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應(yīng)的變化。2、有些含有“建議”、“勸告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述，如： 3、當(dāng)直接引

12、語形式上是疑問句，有表示請求、建議意義時，可用ask sb to do sth. /suggest doing/ advise sb. to do sth. 等形式轉(zhuǎn)述。 4、直接引語是感嘆句時，變間接引語可用what或how引導(dǎo)，也可用that引導(dǎo)Unit3 Travel Journal 重點詞組：one-way fare 單程票 round-trip fare 往返票 graduate from 從畢業(yè)care about 憂慮，關(guān)心  care for喜歡，照顧  give in (to) 投降；屈服；讓步 give up 放棄 

13、;                       give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一樣        at midnight 午夜at an altitude of 在海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 對態(tài)度change ones mind 改變主意 m

14、ake up ones mind to do 決心干某事sth be familiar to sb某事為某人所熟悉  dream of/ about doing sth  夢想做某事  persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 說服某人不做某事determine to do sth ( 動作)  /  be determined to do sth （心

15、理） 決心干某事get sb interested in 使某人對.感興趣 insist on (ones) sth/ doing sth 一定要；堅持要sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事cant wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事for one thing for another （用來引出某事的理由）一則 二則句子歸納：1. 強調(diào)句基本句型：it is/ was. that.其中指人時可用who(主)，whom(賓)。2.  insist that.(should)+ v原形   堅持要；堅

16、持要求 insist that.陳述語氣         堅持說；堅持認為 語法：現(xiàn)在進行時表將來1. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來主要用于表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，常表示最近或較近的將來，有“意圖”、“安排”或“打算”，給人期待感，多是轉(zhuǎn)移動詞，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。2. 進行時表將來還可以用于一些非位移動詞，如do, buy, meeting, having, play, spend等，此時句中一般要有表示將來的時間狀語。不用進行時的動詞：1. 表示

17、事實狀態(tài)的動詞，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。2. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need,recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。3. 瞬間動詞，如 accept, receive, complete, finis

18、h, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。4. 系動詞，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。一般將來時的幾種表達方法：1. will/ shall do表示單純的將來，預(yù)見未來要發(fā)生的事情。will用于各種人稱，shall一般用于第一人稱。注意：will表示單純的將來通常不用于狀語從句中，而用一般現(xiàn)在時代替。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中用will表示主語的意愿。2. be going to指現(xiàn)在的打算、意圖，表示最近的計劃和安排。be going to可以表示眼前主觀

19、要做的事，也可表示與自己的意志無關(guān)，料及最近的將來要發(fā)生的事。3. be doing與表示將來的時間連用，表示不久的將來預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事或動作。4. be to do 表示按預(yù)定計劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情；be to do還可以表示“注定”(常用于過去時描述過去的事實)、“可能性”、“義務(wù)”等。5. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。分為兩種情況：1）按照規(guī)定（如工作計劃、各種時刻表）要發(fā)生的未來的動作，僅限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。 2) 用于狀語從句中6. be about to do 剛要，正要，表示非常近的將來。 be about to

20、不能和表示將來的時間副詞連用。be about to do. when . 正要的時候事情發(fā)生了。辨析：1. be going to 和will/shall都可表示意圖，有時可互換，但be going to著重強調(diào)事先考慮或決定的事；will 表示臨時的打算或決定。用于條件句時，be going to表將來, will表意愿。2. be going to和be to do都可以表示將來的計劃，但是be going to 還能表示不受主觀控制要發(fā)生的事，而be to do不行。be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。Unit4 

21、0;Earthquakes 重點詞組：have time to do 有時間做某事happen to do 碰巧做某事shake hands with sb 握手                in ruins 成為廢墟                  &#

22、160;         cut across 穿過、橫穿blow away 吹走、刮走                     fall down 倒塌         judging.from 根據(jù)來判斷tens o

23、f thousands of 成千上萬dig out 挖掘burst into tears/ laughter  /burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起來 think little of 對評價低   be proud of / take pride in 以而自豪invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事             invite sb for/ to sth   

24、                        think highly of 對評價高agree with sb                     &#

25、160;         give out 發(fā)出（氣味等）；分發(fā)；耗盡a great/ large number of =a great many/good  大量的be trapped in/ under 陷入/ 陷在下面come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事agree to sthgive away 贈送；泄露 agree on sth 達成一致意見 right away=

26、right now= at once= immediately 立刻        happen= take place= come about= break out 偶發(fā)   有計劃      偶發(fā)     戰(zhàn)爭等爆發(fā)句子歸納：1. It is always calm before a storm. 暴風(fēng)雨來臨前總是寧靜的2.句型：主語+ be + adj + to do   其中to

27、 do 用主動形式表示被動含義3. Its never too late to learn.   活到老，學(xué)到老。4.it is useless doing sth 干某事是無用的語法：定語從句（1）一、定語從句的定義 定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which, that是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞。這些連接詞代替先行詞在從句中擔(dān)任一個成分, 如主語、賓語或表語。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. who和whom代表人, 當(dāng)先行詞在從句中做主語時

28、用who，做賓語的時候用whom。 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時，根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語。3. which代表事物，先行詞在從句中做主語或賓語的時候，就用which。4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。that在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。whose是關(guān)系代詞，只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換。三、下面三種情況必須用that作為連接詞。1. 看

29、先行詞是什么東西。當(dāng)先行詞是all, anything, nothing, everything, none, much, little, few, the one等不定代詞時；當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。2. 看先行詞被什么修飾。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時；當(dāng)先行詞被all, any, every, no, only, very, last, next, one of等詞所修飾時。3. 以which開頭的疑問句中。四、以下情況不能用that作為先行詞。1. 在非限制性定語從句中。2. 從句中的介詞提到關(guān)系詞之前的時候。3. 當(dāng)先行詞本身就是that時。 五、關(guān)系詞能否省略1、當(dāng)先行詞在

30、從句中做賓語的時候，關(guān)系詞可以省略。2、在下面兩種情況下，當(dāng)先行詞在從句中做賓語的時候，關(guān)系詞也不能省略。1）. 非限制性定語從句中。2）. 從句的介詞提到關(guān)系詞前面的時候。 Unit5 Nelson Mandela 重點詞組：lose heart 喪失勇氣 worry about 擔(dān)心 lose ones heart to sb/sth  愛上，喜歡上be worried about 擔(dān)心（狀態(tài)）in trouble 處于不幸中be sentenced to 被判處be out of work = lose ones job 失業(yè)be equ

31、al to 相等的，平等的 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事實上  beg for 乞討 set about 著手做某事 (set about doing sth)set off 出發(fā)，動身 set up 設(shè)立，建立；設(shè)置，豎起be active in = take an active part in 積極參與，在活躍keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事        die for 為而死 die from 死于（外因） die

32、of 死于（內(nèi)因 如：饑餓，寒冷，疾病等）put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把投入監(jiān)獄advise sb to do sth advise doing sthadvise sb on sth advise that (should)+ v原建議某人做某事fight for 為爭取而斗爭 fight against 為反對而斗爭fight with 同并肩作戰(zhàn)/ 同斗爭 realize ones dream of 實現(xiàn) 的夢想answer violence with violence 以暴制暴come to pow

33、er 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺§科§網(wǎng)Z句子歸納：1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接狀語時（作狀語：副詞；介詞短語；狀語從句），要使用部分倒裝2.  the first time 用法相當(dāng)于連詞用法，用來引導(dǎo)從句鏈接：Its the first time that 現(xiàn)在完成時 It was the first time that 過去完成時3. should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做 neednt have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了 cant have

34、 done 過去不可能做過語法：定語從句()一、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中的成分是地點狀語的時候，連接詞就是where。而且先行詞通常是place, house, city, country等等。 先行詞為名詞，但是加上介詞后可以在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。二、When引導(dǎo)的定語從句 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中的成分是時間狀語的時候，連接詞就是when，而且先行詞通常是time, day, night, moment等等表示時間的名詞。三、Why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中的成分是原因狀語的時候,連接詞就是why，而且先行詞通常是reason。但要注意，連接詞的選擇不能只看先行詞

35、的內(nèi)容，最關(guān)鍵的就是看先行詞在從句中的成分。四、定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇1. 明確關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的不同作用：關(guān)系代詞which, that, who在定語從句中作主語或在及物動詞和介詞后作賓語。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why在定語從句中作狀語。2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，明確語法成分。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語還是作狀語，關(guān)鍵在于從句的謂語動詞是否及物動詞。如果是及物動詞，分析其后是否已經(jīng)有賓語；如缺賓語則選擇關(guān)系代詞；如不缺賓語或謂語動詞為不及物動詞，則選擇關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)于定語從句的注意點： 1. 有幾個詞雖然不指具體的地點，但它們作先行詞時常用where/介詞+whi

36、ch引導(dǎo)定語從句。常見的有：situation/ case/ point/ circumstances/ stage/ family等。2. 先行詞way引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)先行詞是way，意為“方法，方式”時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有in which, that和不用任何關(guān)系詞這三種形式。課堂練習(xí)：一、單選題1. I need to get a part-time job_some money for my school expenses. A. in order that earnB. in order to earn C. earning D. earn2. It wasnt until we

37、 had sat down to eat_ we got back to the subject of Tom Holliday.A. whenB. whatC. thatD. which3. Mr. Smith, who was eight-four years old,_ the Second World War and had a couple of adventures. A. went onB. went forC. wentagainst D. went through4. Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will_ more than

38、1,000.A. add; add upB. add up; add upC. add up; add up toD. add to; add up5. Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it_ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. came overB. came outC. came about D. came up6. The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reas

39、ons. A. were, was B. was, wereC. was, wasD. were, were7. Mr. Hall understands that _ maths has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students. A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when8. He _all his important thoughts in his diary. A. set downB. set offC. set upD. set on9. Its the third time he

40、 _with her in a week. A. had quarreledB. quarreledC. has quarreledD. quarreling 10. The film _ on the book by Jack London is well worth_. A. basing; seeingB. based; being seenC. to be based; to seeD. based; seeing11. They began to think about what use could be _ such materials. A. made upB. made fro

41、mC. made ofD. made out12. _ he is determined to do something, no one is able to persuade him to_. A. If; give awayB. Although; give inC. As long as; give outD. Once; give up13. We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the endB. at an endC. at one endD. at our

42、 end14. In that big fire all their houses were_, so they had to build new ones. A. hurtB. harmedC. injuredD. destroyed15. Ive read all the books _you gave me.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. that二、語法填空There are two basic stages to learn English. The first stage of learning this language would be very _1_ (in

43、terest). Once you have a good command of the alphabets(字母), _2_ (gradual) you can learn many words. It would always be better to follow the method of reading first, then writing. When you feel _3_ you have understood the words, you can make sentences. This is the most amusing stage to learn. You jus

44、t think of a sentence in your mother language, and try to set _4_ the same sentence in English. There could be some mistakes, _5_ you should not worry about it. Youd better write the same sentence by _6_ (make) use of many different words till you are satisfied _7_ your sentence. If you follow this

45、way, very soon you can create sentences of your own. _8_ second step is learning the grammar. Compared with _9_ languages, English is quite simple and very systematic(系統(tǒng)化的). There are certain rules and regulations for each and every topic in grammar of this language. As long as you follow the rules

46、and regulations, _10_ would be a difficult task to make mistakes.三. 完成以下句子 66. 好象他不敢把此事告訴他們。 It seems that he _ _ _ tell them about it. 67. He _ his success _（把.歸功于）good luck. 68. Would you like to _ us _ （加入到中來）playing football? 69. I rang you several times but couldnt _（接通電話） 70We tried to _ him _

47、 （讓他平靜下來）, but he kept shouting excitedly. 71. His pen is not very good; Id like _ one _ you are using now. 72A lot of new questions _ _（被提出來） at the meeting yesterday. 73. I hope you wont have _ _ _ （在中有困難）your work. 74. Bad weather _ _（增加）our difficulties.75. He is such an easy-going person that h

48、e _ _ well _（相處）his classmates.四、閱讀理解ANo one is glad to hear that his body has to be cut open by a surgeon（外科醫(yī)生）and part of it taken outToday，however，we needn't worry about feeling pain during the operationThe sick person falls into a kind of sleep， and when he awakes，the operation is finishedBu

49、t these happy conditions are fairly newIt is not many years since a man who had to have operation felt all its pain Long ago，operation had usually to be done while the sick man could feel everythingThe sick man had to be held down on a table by force while the doctors did their best for himHe could

50、feel all the pain if his leg or arm was being cut off，and his fearful cries filled the room and the hearts of those who watched Soon after 1770,Josept Priestley discovered a gas which is now called “l(fā)aughing gas”.Laughing gas became known in America.Young men and women went to parties to try it.Most

51、 of them spent their time laughing，but one man at a party，Horace Wells，noticed that people didn't seem to feel pain when they were using this gasHe decided to make an experiment on himselfHe asked a friend to help him Wells took some of the gas， and his friend pulled out one of Wells teeth Wells

52、 felt no pain at allAs he didn't know enough about laughing gas， he gave a man less gas than he should haveThe man cried out with pain when his tooth was being pulled out Wells tried again，but this time he gave too much of the gas，and the man diedWells never forgot this terrible event 1 It is si

53、nce a man being operated felt all the pain  A a few more years   B not long  C few years      D two thousand years2 Long ago， when the sick man was operated on，he A could feel nothing             

54、; B could not want anything C could feel all the pain         D could do anything3 Using the laughing gas,the people did not seem to A be afraid of anything             B feel pain C want to go to the parties &

55、#160;       D be ill4 If a man took less laughing gas than he should have when an operation went on，he A felt nothing                   B felt very comfortable（舒服的）  C still f

56、elt pain                  D would die5 One who took too much of the laughing gas A would laugh all the time                B would die  C wo

57、uld never feel pain                    D would be very calmBA Faithful Dog More than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert. One day the Prince wanted to go hunt-ing with his men. He told his dog to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle, which was like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunt-ing, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to pu