人教版高一英語必修一Unit4Earthquakes

1、Unit4 Earthquakes1、 重點單詞及詞性變化1. _ n.國家，民族；國民_ adj.國家的，民族的2. _ U污垢，泥土_ adj.臟的3. _ C苦難，痛苦_ vt & vi.遭受，忍受；vi.受苦；患病4. _adj.極度的，極端的_ adv.極度地，極端地5. _vt.損害，傷害，損傷_ adj.受傷的_ n. 傷害，損傷6. _ n.幸存者；生還者；殘存物_vi.存活，活著 vt.從中存活下來；7. _ adj.無用的；無效的 _adv. 無用地；無效地_n.無用反義詞：_adj. 有用的8. _vt & vi. （使）震驚；震動 n.休克，震動_adj

2、.（某人）感到震驚的_ adj.（某事）令人震驚的9. _ n.& vt. 救援，營救_n.救援者；營救者10. _ n.災難，災禍_ adj.災難性的；極糟的11. _vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬；使害怕_adj. (某人)感到害怕的，受驚的_adj. （某事）令人恐懼的12. _ n.祝賀，祝辭，賀詞_ vt.祝賀 13. _ n. 裁判員；法官 vt.判斷_ n.判斷；判決；意見；看法14. _ vt.表示，表達 n.快遞，快車_ n.表示，表達（法），表情_ adj.表情的，表現(xiàn)的15. _ n.騎自行車的人_ vi.騎自行車2 重點單詞的固定搭配1. burst vi. vt. (bu

3、rst-burst-burst) 使某物爆炸，脹破，爆破, 破裂burst in/into a door/ room /building 突然進入門/房間/大樓burst into sth. = burst out doing 突然起來He burst into the room without knocking at the door. 他沒有敲門就突然進入房間.The plane crashed and burst into flames. 飛機墜毀起火了.All of them burst out laughing/crying /singing. =All of them burst

4、into laughter/tears/songs他們?nèi)纪蝗恍ζ饋?哭起來/唱起來.單項填空Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting .A. when; out tears B. that; into cryingC. which; into tears D. /; out crying解析：選D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相當于連詞，引導狀語從句。故選D。鞏固練習聽到這個消息，他放聲大笑起來。On hearing the news, he _ _ _.她母親去世的消息使她大哭起

5、來。The news that her mother died made her _ _ crying.burst out laughing / burst into laughter ，burst out2. shock v. & n. 使震驚，使難以置信 1) be shocked at對感到震驚 We were shocked at the news. 我們都對這個消息感到震驚。 2) be shocked to do sth.懼怕做某事 She was shocked to the man by his actions.他的行為把她嚇得目瞪口呆。 3) It shocked s

6、b. to see/hear看到/聽到使某人震驚 It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children. 看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌Υ⒆?，我感到震驚。 4)be a shock to sb. 對某人來說是一個打擊 The news of his wife's death was a shock to him.他妻子去世的消息對他打擊太大了。3. rescue n.& vt. 援救，營救常用結(jié)構(gòu)：rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把從營救出來come to/ go to sbs rescue

7、= rescue sb. 援救某人 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. 警察來救他，把他從河里拉了出來。Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 邁克爾把溺水的男孩救了起來。用rescue的適當形式填空The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.The firemen five children from the burning house yesterda

8、y. We _ and pulled him out of the lake.has been rescued rescued came to his rescue4. judge n. 法官；鑒賞家；裁判 vt.判斷；估計His father used to be a judge. 他的父親過去是一名法官。Shes a good judge of wine. 她是鑒別酒的專家。The blind cant judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：judgment n.判斷，辨別力judge sb./

9、sth. by/from 通過判斷judging from.從來看， 根據(jù)判斷Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 從他所說的話來看，他是個誠實的人。 (1)單項填空 the hat he , the old man is a farmer.A. Judging from; is wearingB. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; puttingD. Judged by; is putting （2）用judge的適當形式填空 from his appearance, he m

10、ust be a rich man.In her , he must be from the south.(1)解析：選A。judging from為固定搭配，此處judging不與the old man形成邏輯主動或被動關系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿著”的狀態(tài)，然而have on沒有進行時態(tài)；dress可以作及物和不及物動詞，作不及物動詞時意為“穿衣”，作及物動詞時賓語是人。(2)Judging judgment5. ruin vt. 毀壞；毀滅。既可指實際的東西，也可指抽象的東西。 n.U毀壞；毀

11、滅 C（常用作復數(shù)）廢墟常用結(jié)構(gòu)：in ruins嚴重損壞；破敗不堪；落空bring sb to ruin使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡fall/go to ruin毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰; 破壞掉 ruin oneself毀掉自己Laziness will ruin ones prospects. 懶惰會使人自毀前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii. 我們想看一下龐貝城的廢墟。單項填空I was by that law case. A. ruined B. ruinedC. dama

12、ged D. destroyedMany old temples ruins are now being rebuilt. A. on B. by C. with D. in解析：選A。句意為：我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產(chǎn)。ruin常用于借喻中，指損壞到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全徹底地破壞，含有無法修復之意，也可用于借喻。解析：選D。in ruins為固定搭配，意為“處于頹廢狀態(tài)”。鞏固練習他因為自己的粗心而毀了自己的前程。He _ his prospects(前程) by carelessness.很多教學樓都坍塌了。Quite a few teach

13、ing buildings have fallen _ _.ruined，in ruins6. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be buried alive 被活埋bury (oneself) in 埋頭于；專心于；退居于(鄉(xiāng)間等)=be buried inbury ones head in the sand 自欺欺人，逃避現(xiàn)實If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up wit

14、h you, it wont be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒絕承認你的一些同班同學已經(jīng)趕上來了這一事實，那么不用多久，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己落后了。 選詞填空（burying/buried）I have a sigh, my head in my hands.buried 7. trap vt & n困??；使陷入危險常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be trapped in困在.中，陷在.中 trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害/誘騙某人做某事The guests were trapped in the fire.旅客被火給困住

15、了They trapped her into telling where the gift was hidden.他們誘騙她說出禮物藏的地點She set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她給他設下圈套，他就徑直鉆了進去。8. shelter n.避難所；庇護；庇護所 v.保護；隱匿；庇護常用結(jié)構(gòu)：shelter from躲避；避開shelter oneself 為自己辯解；給自己找借口take shelter 躲藏；避難Under (the) shelter of在的庇護(或保護)下The refugees' mai

16、n requirements are food and shelter.難民的主要必需品是食物和住所。These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.這種植物必須遮起來，免受陽光直射。We took shelter from the storm in a barn.我們在一個谷倉里躲避暴風雨。三、重點詞組及拓展1. right away 立刻，馬上Ill return the book to you right away. 我會馬上還書給你。If war breaks out, we sh

17、all be called up right away. 如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。拓展right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，馬上 2. think little of忽視/不重視，對.評價很低。類似此結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有：think well/highly/much/a lot /a great deal of重視，對評價很高think little/badly/ill/not much/poorly of忽視/不重視，對評價很低特別要注意此結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：His works are highly thought of by readers

18、.他的作品深受讀者的推崇。I dont think much of his new book.我認為他的新書不怎么樣。拓展What do you think of .?認為怎么樣？think about考慮；回想；想起think of考慮；記憶，記起think sth. over仔細想；謹慎思考；作進一步考慮The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 政府非常重視他的發(fā)明，因為它將有益于全國人民。The foolish boss thought little o

19、f my suggestions on that project.那個愚蠢的老板根本就不重視我對那項工程的建議。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays. 他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。I cant think of his name at the moment. 我一時想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said. 請仔細考慮我說的話。 鞏固練習其他學者對他的理論評價不高。The other scholars _ _ _ his theory. 他的電影深受年輕人的推崇。His films are _

20、 _ _ by the young.我認為他的新書不怎么樣。I _ _ _ his new book.thought little of ， highly thought of ，don't think much of3. at an end 結(jié)束，終結(jié)（= finish）拓展end n.& v. 結(jié)事，終結(jié)與end搭配的常用短語 at the end of在末尾by the end of到末為止(常用于過去完成時態(tài)）in the end最后，終于The war was finally at an end.戰(zhàn)爭終于結(jié)束了。By the end of last month ,I

21、had planted thousands of trees.到上個月末,我已經(jīng)種了數(shù)千棵樹了。用所給短語的適當形式填空at the end of, by the end of, in the end(1) How many English words had you learned_ last term?(2) He became an outstanding doctor _.(3) My uncle will fly to China_ this year.by the end of in the end at the end of4. the number of “的數(shù)量、數(shù)目”,作主

22、語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of意為“一些，很多”，相當于 many, 后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，當它作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。The number of competitors is limit. 參賽者的數(shù)量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen. 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一些問題。擴展：a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，意為“大量的”；a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a li

23、ttle+ 不可數(shù)名詞，意為“大量的”；a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞均可，意為“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ., large quantities of .作主語時謂語動詞與quantity形式一致。如：Large quantities of money have been sent there. A large quantity of books has been offered to us.單項填空Du

24、ring the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.A. have B. has C. was D. were 解析：選B。the number of+復數(shù)名詞，其主語是number，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，意為“的數(shù)量”。鞏固練習1. a (great) number of ; the number of _ students _(have) lost interest in learning because of too much homework. _ the studen

25、ts in our school _ (be) increasing year by year.A great number of ; have The number of ; is 四重要句型1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在農(nóng)場，雞甚至豬都太不安而無法吃東西。too+adj./adv.+to表示“太而不能”。如：Shes too young to go to school.她太小了，不能去上學。Its too early for us to go now.我們現(xiàn)在就去太早了

26、點。（太早了而不能去）注意：當“too”前有not，never，much，all，far，only等修飾時，此結(jié)構(gòu)“to do sth”部分就表達肯定意義。如：One is never too old to learn.活到老，學到老。Swimming is not too difficult to learn.游泳并不十分難學。We are only too pleased to go with her.我們非常樂意和她一起去。2.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠從田地里跑出來，尋找藏身的地方。looking

27、for places to hide是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，在此作伴隨狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，可以作時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語。如：The earthquake which caused the tsunami happened deep under the sea, killing more than 200,000people.引起海嘯的地震發(fā)生在深海，殺死了超過200，000人。（結(jié)果狀語）Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因為不知道如何解這道物理難題，

28、他求助于老師。（原因狀語）3.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是那天晚上這個城市（指唐山）里的一百萬人像往常一樣入睡，這些人輕視這些事（這里指地震發(fā)生前的那些具有征兆性的事）（1）who thought little of these events是非限制定語從句，先行詞是前面的the one million people,補充說明這一百萬人的情況。如：We won the game, which shocke

29、d everybody.我們贏得了比賽，這件事震驚了所有人。Beijing, where I have lived for five years, is my second home.北京是我的第二故鄉(xiāng)，我已經(jīng)在這生活了5年。 4.It seemed as if the world was at an end.仿佛世界終結(jié)了。（1）as if 仿佛，好像=as though，常與seem，look，appear等表象系動詞搭配使用（作為表語從句），也可以直接引導方式狀語從句。注意：當as if/though引導的從句表示的情況是事實或者具有很大可能性時，從句中的謂語動詞用陳述語氣，如：It l

30、ooks as if its going to rain. Its cloudy. 看起來好像要下雨了。天空烏云密布。若表示的不是事實，而是主觀想象或比喻時，或者從句表示的情況可能性很小，從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣表現(xiàn)形式如下：as if/though引導的從句的情況從句謂語動詞的形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實相反過去式（be動詞用were）She speaks English very well as though she were a foreigner.她英語說得非常好，好像她是一個外國人。與過去事實相反過去完成時They talked as if they had been friend

31、s for many years.他們交談得好像他們是多年的老朋友。與將來事實相反wouldcouldmight動詞原形He opened his mouth as if he would say something他張開嘴好像要說什么。 5Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上萬的家庭被殺死，許多孩子成為孤兒。were left without parents是leavewithout parents的被動態(tài)，這是leave +賓語+賓補的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示使處于某種狀態(tài)。

32、leave +賓語+賓補，賓補可以是： 形容詞：Youd better leave the windows open.你最好讓窗戶開著。 副詞：You must leave the radio on.你必須讓收音機開著。 現(xiàn)在分詞：They all walked out and left me sitting there all by myself.他們都走出去了，留我一個人坐在那里。（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，與賓語存在邏輯上的主動關系） 過去分詞：He left the work half finished.他工作完成一半。（過去分詞作賓補，與賓語存在邏輯上的被動關系） 介詞短語：Dont leav

33、e her in the rain.別把她留在雨中。6. All hope was not lost.并非所有的希望都破滅了（并非所有的希望都不見了）。句中All.not.（或者Not all.）是表示部分否定的句型。意為“并非所有都.”,否定詞not，never，hardly等無論位于all之前還是之后，都是表示部分否定“并非所有都.”。如：All that glitters is not gold.=Not all that glitters is gold并非所有閃光的都是金子。【拓展】部分否定和全部否定 部分否定就是使用否定詞not或never等來否定表示全部概念的詞（如：all，&#

34、160;both，every以及由every合成的不定代詞）。其意義均為“不都”，“并非所有都”。需要說明的是：not或never否定這些詞時，并非總是放在它們前面，否定詞也可置于這些詞之后。 全部否定是指句子使用了表示全部否定的詞，這些詞都表示絕對沒人（事，物等）?？梢员硎救糠穸ǖ脑~有neither、none、no one、nobody、nothing等 both用于否定句時，表示部分否定；表示完全否定時要用neither。如，Both of us are not teachers.我們兩不都是老師。（部分否定，表示一個是老師，一個不是）Neither of us is a teacher

35、. 我們兩個都不是老師（全部否定） all用于否定句也是表示部分否定，表示全部否定時用none，no one或者no+名詞。如：All the ants dont go out for food.=Not all the ants go out for food.不是所有的螞蟻都外出覓食。（部分否定）None of the ants goes out for food. 沒有螞蟻出去覓食。（全部否定）No ants go out for food.(全部否定）翻譯下列句。1. 并非所有的學生都喜歡上網(wǎng)。(not all ; be fond of )_ _ the students _ _ _

36、surfing the Internet._ the students _ _ _ _ surfing the Internet.7. Workers built shelters for survivors home had been destroyed.工人為房子已經(jīng)被毀的幸存者建造避身所。8. .of no use沒用的，無用的of+抽象名詞（value, use, help, importance, benefit, interest等）表示人或物的特征，等于其形容詞形式：valuable, useful, helpful ,important, beneficial, interes

37、ting，而且這些名詞前可用little, no, some, any, no, great, much等修飾（當用little和no修飾時表否定）。如：His words are of no use=His words are useless.他說的話沒用。I find it of benefit to help others solve problems.= I find it beneficial to help others solve problems我發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助別人解決問題是有好處的。9. As you know, this is the day the quake happened

38、 thirty years ago.正如你所知道的，這是30年前地震發(fā)生的日子。As you know是as引導的非限制定語從句。as可作關系代詞引導非限制定語從句，表示說話人的看法，依據(jù)，態(tài)度等，常翻譯為“正如那樣”。as引導的非限制定語從句可以放句首、句中和句末。 類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：as we (all) know=as is known to us/all正如大家都知道的那樣；as we expected=as is expected正如所期待的那樣；as is said before正如之前說的那樣；as is reported正如被報道的那樣；as you/we can see正如你/

39、你們/我們所看到的那樣等如：As is reported, Kaka is going to transfer to Orlando City.正如報道說的那樣，卡卡即將轉(zhuǎn)會到奧蘭多城俱樂部。課堂綜合練習1One minute she burst into _，and the next she burst out _.We just couldnt catch her mood at any moment.Acrying；laughter Btears；laughingCtears；laughter Dcrying；laughing2_ people who _ killed or injur

40、ed reached more than 400,000.AThe number of；wasBa number of；wasCThe number of；wereDA number of；were3Threefourths of the homework _ today.Ahas finished Bhas been finishedChave finished Dhave been finished4Thats the new machine_parts are too small to be seen.Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat5. He was so _ tho

41、ught that he didnt see the tree on the road and ran into it.Aburied in Bcareful with Cbusy with Dserious about6The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere7The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it

42、_yesterday.Awas happening BhappensChas happened Dhappened8My cousin came to see me from the country，_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.Abrought Bbringing Cto bring Dhad brought 9.When he learned that his brother had returned from abroad, he set off to his home _. Which of the following is not OK? A.

43、 immediately B. right away C. right then D. right now 10. We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now.A. at the end  B. at an end   C. at one end    D. at our end五語法定語從句（）：關系代詞引導的定語從句；介詞+whom/which引導的定語從句定語從句指在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。被定語從句修飾的代詞或名詞叫

44、做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫做關系詞。Merlin is a young man.（形容詞young作定語） Merlin has magic.定語從句Merlin is a young man who has magic.（who has magic句子做定語，修飾a young man） 關系代詞：who、whom、whose、that、which、as 先行詞 關系詞 （引導詞） 關系副詞：when、where、why關系代詞引導的定語從句：關系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用例句that人或物作主語、賓語（作賓語時可省略）The one that won the award is the to

45、p singer in China.贏得獎項的那個人是中國的頂尖歌手。（作主語）I like the pen (that) you gave me.我喜歡你給我的那支鋼筆（作賓語）which物作主語、賓語（作賓語時可省略）The story which moved them to tears is written by John.把他們感到哭的那個故事是約翰寫的。（作主語）The dress (which) you wear is nice.你穿的這件連衣裙和好看。（作賓語）who人作主語、賓語（作賓語時可省略）The teacher who is giving the speech come

46、s from Australia.正在作演講的那個老師來自澳大利亞。（作主語）Do you know the girl (who) he mentioned at the meeting yesterday.你認識他昨天在會議上提到的那個女孩嗎？（作賓語） whom人作賓語(可省略)Shes the girl (whom) my friend introduced to me.她就是我朋友向我介紹的那個女孩。whose（表示“某人的”或“某物的”）人或物作定語The girl whose mother is a singer has a sweet voice.媽媽是歌手的那個女孩擁有甜美的嗓

47、音。（修飾人，充當定語）We are using the book whose title is Top English.我們在使用這本書名是頂尖英語的書。（修飾物，充當定語）關系代詞as引導的定語從句：as在它引導的定語從句中可以充當主語、賓語，通常在suchas, soas, the sameas， asas結(jié)構(gòu)中。主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。如：I never heard such stories as he tells.我從未聽過他講的這類故事。(作賓語) He is not such a man as

48、 would leave his work half done.他不是這樣一個只把工作做到一半的人。（作主語） This is so warm a house as we want to live in .這是一棟如此暖和的、我們都想住在里面房子。（作賓語） I have bought the same watch as you have. 我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（作賓語）She will marry as healthy a man as she can find .她將嫁給她能找到有錢人。（作賓語）注意：1、先行詞中有the same修飾時，定語從句也可用that引導，但意思上有區(qū)別，

49、as表示與此同類；that表示就是那一個，同物。例如:I have bought the same watch as you have. 我買了一塊和你一樣的手表。（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一塊。） This is the same watch that I lost.這就是我丟的那塊手表。（這手表和我丟的手表是同一塊） 2.such/soas和such/sothat的區(qū)別：前者引導的是定語從句，as在從句中充當成分（主語，賓語）；后者是引導結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此以至于”，在此句型中，as是不充當成分的，因此在判斷時關鍵看從句中是否缺少成分（主語或賓語）。如：This is such

50、 an interesting book _ everybody wants to read. This is such an interesting book _ everybody wants to read it.分析這兩個句子不難看出，第一個句子是定語從句，因為從句中缺少賓語；第二個句子是狀語從句，因為從句中主謂賓齊全。所以第一個空填as，第二個空填that。3.在whose引導的定語從句中，當whose修飾物時，“whose+名詞”相當于“the+名詞+of which”或者“of which +the+名詞”的形式，如：The classroom whose door is bro

51、ken will soon be repaired.=The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?= Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?4. 用those作定語從句的先行詞，通常指人，當定語從句中缺少主語時，關系代詞用who,定語從句中謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Ill never respect those who dont respect others.我決不會尊重

52、那些不尊重別人的人。5. one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果one前面有the (only/last/first/right等) 等限定詞修飾時，則one是先行詞，定語從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)，否則先行詞是復數(shù)名詞，定語從句謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：.John is one of the students who have the keys.（先行詞是students）John is the only one of the students who has the keys.（先行詞是the only one）改錯練習：1. Those who wants

53、0;to go with me put up your hands. 2. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.3. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 4. That is the way which they work. 5. Those have questions can ask th