企業(yè)對庫存的認(rèn)識大致可分為兩類

1、Business School, SDJUChapter 6. Warehouse Management 姜 陣 劍Business School, SDJUlPurpose of WarehouselWarehouse ManagementlWarehouse CostslWarehouses and Stores ProcessesBusiness School, SDJUlWarehouses are viewed as a temporary place to store inventoryl At this channel of distribution the warehouse

2、became a support unit for numerous retail outlets . lProgressive warehousing and integrated retailers developed mechanical and computerised systems. lEfficient warehousing now offered a method of reducing storage and handling costs.Business School, SDJUl企業(yè)對“庫存”的認(rèn)識大致可分為兩類l從成本控制的角度看l從生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的角度看l“庫存”在英語里

3、也有兩種表達方式：1.Inventory指以支持生產(chǎn)、維護、操作和客戶服務(wù)為目的而存儲的各種物料，包括原材料、半成品和成品等；2.Stock即為存貨、積壓。Business School, SDJUl兩者都有庫存之意，但STOCK偏向于指采購進來的原材料庫存；而INVENTORY指生產(chǎn)出來的半成品或成品的積壓庫存！ linventory 會計專業(yè)用語中的“存貨”。Inventory和和Stock的分界點的分界點F保持適當(dāng)?shù)膸齑媪繉θ魏纹髽I(yè)都是必須的，也是區(qū)分Inventory和Stock的分水嶺。 Business School, SDJUlWarehouses and distributio

4、n centres have a primary aim, which is to facilitate the movement of goods from suppliers to customers, meeting demand in a timely manner. lIn order to achieve this efficiently they may have to hold stock, but this is not their main role. lIt may be that inventory is held for contingencies or to giv

5、e a rapid customer service or in preparation of a new product launch. Business School, SDJUlSome valid reasons for holding stock include the following: As a buffer To cover demand during suppliers lead time To enable savings to be made through bulk purchases or discounts; To cope with seasonal fluct

6、uations; To provide a variety of product.Business School, SDJUlLogistics managers should view a warehouse as a temporary place to tranship goods to customers. lIncreasing customer service levels, combined with pressures to reduce inventory and costs, and time compression.lThe warehouse is a vital li

7、nk in the supply chain.Business School, SDJUlCrucial issues in distribution may involve the following: Number, type and location of warehouses;Types of vehicles used for trucking and delivery; LICT systems, particularly for order capture, warehouse and stock management and transportation control. Bu

8、siness School, SDJUlOracle Order Capture 設(shè)計用于提供一個公共的模塊，用于創(chuàng)建并更新報價單與訂單。Order capture 設(shè)計用于輕松地同第三方和原有定購系統(tǒng)集成。它為企業(yè)提供了一個持續(xù)的、無縫的定購過程。能使客戶最終體驗到一種一致的超級體驗。它的其他功能涉及使用一個產(chǎn)品配制器，計算復(fù)雜的運貨與定價指令，保存報價和實時處理信息。 Business School, SDJUlEDI, JIT and LICT, management have the flexibility to react to market change, and these sy

9、stems will apply up to the minute information on stock availability, locations, lead time and dispatch. lIn this environment, management should consider carefully whether there is any need to hold stock or to maintain warehouses at all.Business School, SDJUlWarehouse running costs vary widely depend

10、ing on the nature of their operations. lThe Freight Transportation Association (FTA貨運聯(lián)合會/協(xié)會 ,UK) publishes guidelines in which it emphasises the variants of costs.Business School, SDJUlThe main costs are as follows: Staffing; Building services, maintenance and facilities management; Warehouse equipm

11、ent, including maintenance of materials handling equipment and of vehicles. Business School, SDJUlThe application of LICT to warehousing :Stock demand and forecasting; Stock pallet location, space utilization; Stock visibility; Vehicle utilization/asset tracking.Business School, SDJUlLICT may reduce

12、 staffing levels, and may enable the consolidation of warehouses with the resultant reduction of overheads. lMaterial handling equipment and order-picking systems, although initially costly, will have long-term cost benefits. Business School, SDJUlThe functions of a warehouse are as follows: Receipt

13、s StoragePackaging DispatchHousekeeping StocktakingBusiness School, SDJUlThe evolution of warehouse management systems (WMS) is very similar to that of many other software solutions. MRP MRPII ERPBusiness School, SDJUWMS，倉儲在企業(yè)的整個供應(yīng)鏈中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，如果不能保證正確的進貨和庫存控制及發(fā)貨，將會導(dǎo)致管理費用的增加，服務(wù)質(zhì)量難以得到保證，從而影響企業(yè)的競爭力。傳統(tǒng)簡

14、單、靜態(tài)的倉儲管理已無法保證企業(yè)各種資源的高效利用。Business School, SDJU用友ERP-U8l用友ERP-U8 是用友軟件2001 推出的成熟ERP 產(chǎn)品.Business School, SDJUOracleWarehouseManagementBusiness School, SDJU Purchases Customer Returns Transfers Outside Processing Customer Shipments Vendor Returns Transfers Outside Processing Pick Pack Inspection Count Assembly Storage Move ReplenishInbound / outbound managementBusiness School, SDJUGlobal PromisingIncreased VelocityJust-in-TimeDeliveryOrder FragmentationGlobal DemandVariableDemandInventory ReductionLabor Reductio