新概念英語第三冊筆記第54課上課教案

1、新概念英語第三冊筆記第54課上課教案Lesson54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能還是機(jī)智New words and expression 生詞和短語學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)僅知道漢語語義是不夠的，要把單詞放在語句中體會(huì)其應(yīng)用學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵句結(jié)構(gòu)是則要把它放在段落結(jié)構(gòu)或文章里Insect 昆蟲worm 側(cè)重指蚯蚓、蠶、毛蟲等小而無骨的蟲。還可以指人或動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的寄生蟲，以及昆蟲的幼蟲。pest 指有害的昆蟲或有害的小動(dòng)物。害蟲bug 指小昆蟲，尤指吸血的臭蟲，也可指細(xì)菌。insect 含義廣泛，多指螞蟻、黃蜂、蟬等等。六只腳，三部分parasite 寄生蟲wage v.進(jìn)行(斗爭)If a

2、 person, group, or country wages a campaign or a war, they start it and continue it over a period of time. 發(fā)動(dòng) (運(yùn)動(dòng)或戰(zhàn)爭)=begin and continue a struggle =carry on 表示開始進(jìn)行 =launch 發(fā)起（重大活動(dòng)、戰(zhàn)役）=undertake to do 著手 -He undertook to inform people concerned.wage a war against /on/ upon 就什么方面展開斗爭-Life means perpe

3、tual struggle against poverty.engage in不僅開展,而且全身心地投入be engaged in / be determined on sth / be dedicated to sth / be devoted to sth2、工資、報(bào)酬 daily wageearnings 多指通過勞動(dòng)或投資等手段所得到的收入。income 與earnings含義很相近，但前者強(qiáng)調(diào)總收入。wage 多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，指按小時(shí)、日或星期的報(bào)酬，通常指體力勞動(dòng)者的工資。pay 是個(gè)通用詞，可取代salary與wage.salary 指按年定下，按月或星期平均給予的報(bào)酬，指腦力勞動(dòng)

4、者的薪水。allowance 指收入中的補(bǔ)貼部分。津貼（eg:取暖費(fèi)、高溫補(bǔ)貼）Kickback 回扣 pension 養(yǎng)老金，退休金 bonus 獎(jiǎng)金，分紅（年終獎(jiǎng)，騰訊有部分是24-36個(gè)月）commission 傭金（提供服務(wù)，雇傭兵，殺手，能叫工資嗎？） 另：委托、委員會(huì)fund 基金（?？钯Y金） foundation 基金會(huì)（地基；房基；基礎(chǔ)）（組織，fund才是錢）contaminate kntmnet v.弄臟,玷污 書面一些，新聞報(bào)道: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matterIf

5、something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful. 污染contaminate 指有害或不良臟物傳布遍及原本純凈之物，常指一種緩慢的、間接傳播的、意想不到的，或?yàn)橐话闶侄嗡鶡o法察覺的變化，如病菌、放射性塵?；蚱渌泻瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)所造成的污染。如果用來形容環(huán)境污染，pollute 是最好的； contaminate 形容較小的污染，比如說要檢驗(yàn)的樣品里混進(jìn)了細(xì)菌就叫做 contaminated specimen-Dont eat the apple .It has bee

6、n contaminated by flies.-Dont read the hot story ( 黃色書刊 )just because it will contaminate (毒害)your mind.pollute v. 污染pollute 泛指使水面、空氣、大氣環(huán)境變臟，不適于在其中生活或使用，所涉及的不潔物常常是大宗的、廣泛的、直接可見的。-The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly.poison vt 污染(較口語化) -Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cit

7、vocation n. 惹怒，激怒provoke 、激怒；煽動(dòng) （對挑釁） 2、引起=make angry or bad-tempered / cause 挑釁，引起，激起-He was provoked beyond his endurance. -He was provoked and it was more than he could endure.他是怒不可遏。arouse v. 激起-The book arouses / provokes my interest.bring about / result in / lead to / give rise toprovoke

8、sbs interest in sth 激起某人興趣provoke sb to do / provoke sb into doing / cause sb to do sth 致使某人做某時(shí)-You provoked him to say so,why Spider 蜘蛛spider silk 蜘蛛絲 spider web n. 蜘蛛網(wǎng)Wasp 黃蜂（胡峰）Bumblebee bmblbi 大黃蜂 hornet hnt 大黃蜂BBB準(zhǔn)確的翻譯是“熊蜂”蜜蜂中一些虎背熊腰的種類的統(tǒng)稱。簡而言之呢，三點(diǎn)：細(xì)腰亞目類的昆蟲，大致可分為三類：螞蟻/Ant，蜜蜂/Bee，和黃蜂/Wasp（胡蜂、黃蜂，都

9、是一種東西。）BBB是屬于蜜蜂/Bee這一大類的，是熊蜂，個(gè)頭比較大，可以視為“虎背熊腰的蜜蜂”：一般蜜蜂體長約，而熊蜂體長在左右。Hornet是黃蜂/Wasp這一大類的，其中那些個(gè)頭比較大的Wasp被叫做Hornet：亞洲大黃蜂/Asian giant hornet的體長可以達(dá)到4cmBBB在這種大黃蜂面前就是一頓飯。從這一點(diǎn)來說，中文里將USS Wasp叫做“黃蜂號(hào)”，而稱F/A-18為“大黃蜂”，是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。Moth m 飛蛾Silkworm 蠶 pupa pjup 蛹 larva lv 幼蟲 adult 成蟲Ant 螞蟻revulsion rvln n.厭惡 （極端厭惡）八級(jí) 對象介

10、詞一般用at=disgust n. 厭惡，嫌惡vt. 使厭惡；使作嘔 = dislike Be filled with, feel 充滿，感到 cause 引起反感 express 表達(dá)反感 conceal 掩飾反感Horde hd 群 （一大群） 八級(jí) 2、（游牧）部落 tribe 部落uncanny nkni a.神秘的,不可思議的 （strange and difficult to explain 離奇的 程度高 八級(jí)）The hero, Danny, bears an uncanny resemblance to Kirk Douglas主人翁丹尼與柯克道格拉斯出奇地相像。myster

11、ious a. 神秘的-They are leading a mysterious life. -In spite of this ,he survived mysteriously.eerie a.怪誕的,奇異的-He looks eerie. -What he said is eerie to me.eerie r adj. 引起恐懼的，可怕的 (strange and frightening causing a feeling of mystery and fear)the eerie sound of an owl hoots in the forest at night 夜晚貓頭鷹在

12、森林里發(fā)出令人恐怖的叫聲。in the eerie silence 令人恐怖的寂靜之中eerily ADV 怪異地; 可怕地weird a.怪異的,怪誕的,奇異的-I cant get along well with him because he is a weird person.erase v.擦,抹去-Erase the idea from your mind! -He erases the name from the namelist.All men are created equal. No matter how hard you try you can never erase th

13、ose words. That is what America is.write off 把勾銷，注銷cross off 把劃去-The word is unnecessary here, so it crossed off.wipe out 完全擦掉-I want to write on the blackboard , so I have to wipe all the words here out.-I cant imaging why your are so hot ,please wipe out sweat on your face.Praying mantis 螳螂Mantis

14、mnts 螳螂Locust lkst 蝗蟲、螞蚱；洋槐 =grasshopper蝗蟲、螞蚱entranced a.出神的 entrance n/vt: carry away with joy and delight (for v.)ntr:ns; (for n.) entrns n. 入口；進(jìn)入vt. 使出神，使入迷entrance to the room / hall 介詞tobe entranced in thought想得入了迷/出了神 介詞in-I dont know what he has in his mind, anyway he is entranced in thought.

15、be entranced with fear 嚇得魂不附體 介詞with-At the story at night , I was entranced with fear.be pleased with / be satisfied with / be popular with / entranced with +Performance/film/book 表示入迷-He was entranced with film. -Are you entranced with the story?-He listened to the story entranced. -The writer wat

16、ched ants entranced. 形容詞做狀語Beetle 甲蟲 an insect with a hard covering to its bodydung beetle d n.（動(dòng)物的）糞，糞肥；骯臟的東西v.（動(dòng)物）排泄糞便；施糞肥于sheltered adj 傷不著的，無危險(xiǎn)的shelter 通常指尋找安全地方躲避風(fēng)雨或使人免遭危害。guard 普通用詞，指保持警惕以防可能的攻擊或傷害。harbour 貶義詞，指隱匿或非法保護(hù)、窩藏。safeguard 語氣強(qiáng)，指采取積極措施預(yù)防可能發(fā)生的一切攻擊或危險(xiǎn)。defend 普通用詞，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受損害，消除危險(xiǎn)。用

17、作比喻時(shí)，指堅(jiān)持某種行動(dòng)、決定或意見。shield 語氣比protect強(qiáng)，但側(cè)重防止迫在眉睫的攻擊或傷害。protect 普通用詞，指用某種手段作為防御工具以防危險(xiǎn)或傷害。Luscious ls 甘美的 （滿足感官的） 八級(jí) sweet and juicy1、Luscious food is juicy and very good to eat. 美味多汁的If you describe a woman or something about her as luscious, you mean that you find her or this thing sexually attractiv

18、e. 性感的Cluster klst(r) 一簇1、n （同類物叢生或聚集的）簇，團(tuán)，束，串2、n A cluster of people or things is a small group of them close together. (人或物的) 群，團(tuán)，組3、V-I If people cluster together, they gather together in a small group. (人) 結(jié)成群 Cluster (together) around 叢生，聚集在周圍 in a cluster 成群的Aphid efd 蚜蟲 常復(fù)數(shù)形式Underside ndsad n

19、 底面，下側(cè)Darkside 下面，底面；陰暗面Colony klni 一群 （生物學(xué)：群體，菌落） bacterial colony n. （細(xì)菌）菌落；細(xì)菌聚落社科類：殖民地 特化：(某一類人的) 聚居區(qū) semi-colony半殖民地 semi-colonial半殖民的Old china was a semifeudal and semicolonial country fjudl adj. 封建制度的；領(lǐng)地的；colonize 開拓殖民地；移居于殖民地colonial 殖民的colonization 殖民；殖民地化 colonialism 殖民主義；殖民政策 colonialist 殖

20、民主義者 colonizer 殖民者；殖民地開拓者 sticky 粘的stick vt. 刺，戳；粘貼vi. 堅(jiān)持；粘住n. 棍；手杖； sticker 貼畫stick v.粘住 （- stick the envelop）n.信封 stickto堅(jiān)持 （- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise）n.許諾 sticky adj.粘的 （- sticky fingers）sticky note 便利貼 sticky business苦差事Cling kl v.粘 （clung, clung, clinging） vi.堅(jiān)持，墨守；緊貼；附著- Shei

21、salwaysclingingtohermother. be always doing sth帶有感情。- Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed. 他懷有成功的希望Scurry skri v 小步跑 (尤指因受驚而) 急促跑 書面 八級(jí)Vi When people or small animals scurry somewhere, they move there quickly and hurriedly, especially because they are frightened.Swarm swm v 聚集1、n a of 大群 (蜜蜂等昆蟲flying

22、 together)；(快速移動(dòng)的) 一大群人2、vi (蜜蜂或其他昆蟲) 大群移動(dòng) 3、vi (人群) 涌往 somewhere4、V-I If a place is swarming with people, it is full of people moving about in a busy way. 擠滿 usu cont ingenuity ndnjuti n.機(jī)靈 （心靈手巧，善于創(chuàng)新; 足智多謀）Ingenuity is skill at working out how to achieve things or skill at inventing new things. 善于

23、創(chuàng)新; 足智多謀-The boy shows ingenuity in making toys. 某方面介詞用in 這男孩在制作玩具方面顯得機(jī)靈。ingenious ndinis 有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的；機(jī)靈的，精制的；心靈手巧的 六級(jí)Text 課文We have been brought up to fear insects. 我們自幼就在對昆蟲的懼怕中長大。 或者是“在什么中長大成人”不需要糾結(jié)：不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語，補(bǔ)充說明主語成長過程中的狀態(tài)，而非目的，been brought up 自幼sth/sb be said / reported / thought / believed / known /

24、 supposed + to do sth.We have been brought up to eat certain food.We have learnt to do 表示已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)了什么。-We have learnt to fear insects. -Girls have been brought up to fear mice.We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. 我們把昆蟲當(dāng)作害多益少的無用東西。Regard as視為，當(dāng)做 as短語做賓補(bǔ) refer to as稱為，當(dāng)做do

25、 morn harm than good -The exercise will do you good.-Smoking will do you harm.We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. 人類不斷同昆蟲斗爭，因?yàn)槔ハx弄臟我們的食物，傳播疾病，吞噬莊稼。Wage war against / wage war on themDisease，病毒傳播快，spread-spread-spread一般用主動(dòng)，一般而言是“傳播力”而非“人

26、為傳播”devour 吞噬 v. 狼吞虎咽地吃有三種意思：1. eat like an animal 狼吞虎咽 The dog devours the cake.2. destroy 吞滅，席卷 The flame devours the whole building. 火把整幢樓都吞沒了3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 貪婪地看、聽、讀（急切地讀，這個(gè)意思用的最多，如饑似渴）His eyes devoured the scene. 他兩眼貪婪的看著這美麗的風(fēng)景。Swallow vt.吞咽；忍受；吞沒 vi. 吞下；咽下n. 燕子；一次吞咽

27、的量They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows. 它們無緣無故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它們未經(jīng)邀請便飛到我們房間里，或者對著露出亮光的窗戶亂撲亂撞。fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited 形容詞做狀語，這里是比較典型的用法，雖狀語作用，但說的是they的狀態(tài)They are uninvited when they fly

28、into our rooms on summer nights做定語時(shí)，light只能用lighted形式We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.我們在日常生活中，不但憎惡如蜘蛛、黃蜂之類令人討厭的昆蟲，而且憎惡并無大害的飛蛾等。書面語中常常借助介詞短語，作用：客觀化準(zhǔn)確化，同之前的多用被動(dòng)化和名詞化一樣口語中I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well

29、.是因?yàn)槲蚁嘈拍隳馨堰@項(xiàng)工作做得很好。書面語中 I did so in the belief thatin the thought that / in the hope thatin / under 書面語中常使用-Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more beautiful.-We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful.in dread : in fearin dread of 害怕什么 the dread of對什么的恐懼dre

30、ad doing =dread to do Dread v.懼怕 （vt. 懼怕，畏懼，引申出擔(dān)心 n. 恐懼，可怕的人（或物）；（鳥群的）驚飛）Dread + 名詞, 動(dòng)名詞, 動(dòng)詞不定式- We were dreading his arrival. 我們正擔(dān)心他來呢！- He dreaded having to meet his parents.- I dread to think what will happen if he finds out.Dreadful adj.令人恐懼的, 令人不快的- a dreadful disaster 可怕的災(zāi)難dreaded adj.感到恐懼的ter

31、rify vt.使恐怖, 恐嚇 horrify v.使恐怖, 使極度厭惡, 驚駭 fear v.害怕, 畏懼, 為.擔(dān)心ones : insects在使用not only , but (also)(as well)句型時(shí)，要突出介詞短語或動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞，則此介詞要重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。-I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats.be afraid of -I am afraid not only of dogs , but of cats.bothand也一樣-We live in dread of both dogs and cats.-I am in

32、terested not only in English , but in French.Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. 閱讀有關(guān)昆蟲的書能增加我們對它們的了解，卻不能消除我們的恐懼的心理。Increase關(guān)于增加Raise ones vision 提高/開闊眼界 open ones mind 打開胸懷 expand ones life platform 擴(kuò)展平臺(tái)注意without含有的“轉(zhuǎn)折意”dispel : erase / get rid of / remove 消除

33、，去除 Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. 即使知道勤奮的螞蟻生活具有高度組織性的社會(huì)里，當(dāng)看到大群螞蟻在我們精心準(zhǔn)備的午間野餐上爬行時(shí)，我們也無法抑制對它們的反感。Industriousness n.勤奮arduous d

34、js a.艱苦的，艱難的（needing a lot of strength and effort）需要付出很多精力，體力-Studying English is a arduous job. Life is an ardous journey; so we should learn to cherish life.ous結(jié)尾的形容詞industrious ndstrs a勤奮的，勤勉的，勤勞的 hardworking 普通用詞laborious lbrs a 費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的，勞神的，strenuous strenjs a. 費(fèi)力的，艱苦的。須全力以付的，比arduous強(qiáng)烈的多，同時(shí)表示奮發(fā)的d

35、iligent adj. 勤奮，刻苦的，認(rèn)真的 名詞 diligence 勤奮 六級(jí)a diligent worker a diligent studentindustrious 指由習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成或天性形成的勤奮。 diligent 多指為一定的目的或追求而勤奮。hard-workingan assiduous collector of folk songs 一個(gè)有頑強(qiáng)毅力的民歌收集者workaholic n.工作狂in a highly organized society 具有高度組織性的社會(huì) highly disciplined high level of civilization high

36、degree of responsibility-We live in a highly organized society.does nothing to do 不會(huì)起作用-Doing so does nothing to prevent me from hating you.Prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事-Whatever you say does nothing to prevent me from attaining / accomplishing my goal.無論你說什么都不會(huì)Accomplish goal / attain goalAcc

37、omplish aim / attain aimHorde / colonyCrawl / creep / climb crawl 貼地的狀態(tài)creep v. 1) to move in a quiet, careful way 悄悄地去，悄悄地緩慢行進(jìn) creep into the room 2) creeps in or creeps back, without people realizing or without them wanting it. 悄悄出現(xiàn)/而生 實(shí)物比如蛇，抽象的比如臉紅blush，消極的可以是An increasing ratio of mistakes錯(cuò)誤率 3)

38、 sth creeps somewhere, it moves very slowly. 漸漸蔓延 4) a rate or number creeps up to a higher level, it gradually reaches that level. 攀升eg. A faint blush crept on to her face. Eg: The inflation rate has been creeping up to per cent.通脹率No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about th

39、e uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.不管我們多么愛吃蜂蜜，或讀過多少關(guān)于蜜蜂具有神秘的識(shí)別方向的靈感的書，我們?nèi)匀皇趾ε卤环潋?。No matter how : however much注意這一句的轉(zhuǎn)折隱藏在了句首。而轉(zhuǎn)折處在we have a horror of之前的學(xué)習(xí)中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一次。Dread / fear / horror / terror 語氣逐步加強(qiáng)-We become illogical when we have a horror of being st

40、ung.Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. 我們的恐懼大部分是沒有道理的，但去無法消除。It is impossible for us to do sth It is impossible for us to erase the fears.It is easy for everyone to read ./ it is easy to read.At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.同時(shí)，不知為什么昆蟲又是

41、迷人的。Be fascinated with 對著迷Strangely / uncanny 神秘的We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.Like引導(dǎo)的插入語 find后面的that不可省，但位置可以換到they的前面Lead a life過一種生活Perfectly=completelyWe enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about the

42、ir business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. 我們喜歡看有關(guān)昆蟲的書，尤其是當(dāng)我們了解螳螂等過著一種令人生畏的生活時(shí)，就更加愛讀有關(guān)昆蟲的書了。Entranced, unaware,兩個(gè)形容詞短語做伴隨狀語go about their business : as they do what they should do 干它們應(yīng)該干的事 as they get down to their business-let us get down to our business.讓我們言歸正傳。-You should go about your busin

43、ess.干你們應(yīng)該干的事情。注意該句的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?當(dāng)看到蜘蛛撲向一只蒼蠅時(shí)，一隊(duì)螞蟻抬著一只巨大的死甲蟲凱旋歸時(shí)，誰能不感到敬畏呢？首先who hasnt這種表達(dá)方法，修辭性疑問，期待得到回答或者無需回答，否定表示肯定Why didnt you tell me你早該告訴我 who doesnt know 地球人都知道Sta

44、nd in awe : fear but respect 敬畏 介詞短語做狀語 awe n. 敬畏，驚嘆；（古）使人敬畏的力量At the sight of : as soon as you see一看到 注意和on的區(qū)別同時(shí)，這里是介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)，出現(xiàn)了邏輯主語a spider，or后面是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語antsPounce on : jump at / charge at 向什么猛撲過去Pounce vi 1、(向某人) 猛撲 2、(動(dòng)物、鳥等) 猛撲 (以捕殺) n. 猛撲 介詞都是onStand in awe of 敬畏什么-Generally speaking , employees

45、 stand in awe of their employer.-In primary school , pupils stand in awe of their teacher.A colomn of ants 一群螞蟻Column 1、(詞典、報(bào)紙或圖表等版面上的) 豎欄 2、(報(bào)刊的) 專欄 3、柱狀物（引：紀(jì)念柱; 圓形支柱） 4、(人或動(dòng)物行進(jìn)的) 長隊(duì)Banner 橫幅Triumph tramf n. 勝利，凱旋；歡欣victory 普通用詞，主要指在戰(zhàn)爭、斗爭或競賽中獲得的勝利，側(cè)重艱辛與成功。triumph 著重勝利或成功的輝煌與徹底。 動(dòng)詞的正式用語相較win是prevail

46、 1、占上風(fēng) 2、獲勝形容詞 triumphant adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂歡的 tramfnttriumphantly tramfntli 成功的，洋洋得意的Bearing home結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語較長，頭重腳輕，把賓語后置 bear在這里作及物動(dòng)詞，是“攜帶”的意思，尤指在移動(dòng)中攜帶物體Bear幾個(gè)特殊的動(dòng)詞用法：1、運(yùn)送 文學(xué)性 2、攜帶 正式 3、承受; 支撐 4、帶有 (標(biāo)記或特征) 5、忍受，容忍 6、生 (孩子) 老式 7、承擔(dān)(費(fèi)用)、（責(zé)任） 8、產(chǎn)生 (利息) 商業(yè) 9、具有 (相似之處或關(guān)系) resemblance or relationship to 10、開 (花

47、); 結(jié) (果); 長 (枝葉)Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. 去年夏天，我花了好幾天時(shí)間站在花園里觀察成千只螞蟻爬上我那棵心愛的桃樹的樹干。Prize ： dear=valued=treasured 精神上的寶貴的，珍貴的 vt則是 珍視Trunk 1、樹干 2、人體的軀干（正式） 3、后備箱I didnt really need to ask. I could tell from the shape

48、of the leaves and the texture of the trunk. It was a sycamore tree. 紋理，手感，(尤指食品、土壤等的) 結(jié)構(gòu) skm(r) 無花果，美國的梧桐樹The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house.靠著房子有遮擋一面的暖墻生長的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果Against表示倚靠I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters

49、, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. 那棵樹是靠著房子有遮擋的一面暖墻生長的。我為這棵樹感到特別自豪，不僅因?yàn)樗冗^了幾個(gè)寒冬終于活了下來，而且還因?yàn)樗袝r(shí)結(jié)出些甘甜的桃子來。如果要突出原因，則要重復(fù) because.Survive vt 幸存于，比誰活的久 survive vi 扔存在Suffer 直接 suffer from 長期的，抽象的Severe 極其嚴(yán)重的，極其嚴(yán)厲的Produce 工廠生產(chǎn)，這里是樹結(jié)果 vt. 生產(chǎn)；引起；創(chuàng)作；生育，繁殖 我們之前學(xué)過特殊用法“出示”She produced all s

50、orts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harrys requirements.Produced v. take out; bring out 拿出，出示 =showedDuring the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. 到了夏天，我發(fā)現(xiàn)樹葉開始枯萎.注意這里的進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)合了during，在這個(gè)期間noticed一個(gè)一直發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是用了beginning，表示開始變得/怎樣Wither w(r) 枯萎 1、(

51、花朵或植物) 枯萎 2、變虛弱 常用wither away 類似fade awayHorde / colony / column / cluster 一般形容小的動(dòng)物。Clusters of tin insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.結(jié)果在樹葉背面找到成串的叫作蚜蟲小蟲子。Were to be found / were found were to在這里表示could/might，可能性這是散文作者利用語言的多變性賦予句子一點(diǎn)詩意.他想說的是could be found(可能有也可能沒有),

52、但是這樣說太枯燥,并且和前一句were beginning to wither沒有呼應(yīng).寫成were to be found,就和were beginning to wither并列起來,而且三個(gè)w (were,wither,were)給人一種韻感.一定不能寫成were found(被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,即一定有,每片葉子下都有),那樣恐怕不符合事實(shí),并且一點(diǎn)詩意也沒有了.另外：See / find / congratulate 常和be to 搭配，用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)The boy was found behind the door. 口語中The boy was to be found behind the

53、 door. 書面語中-He was congratulated by his friends. -He was to be congratulated by his friends.We cant find him anywhere. / we can find him nowhere. 到處也找不見他He is nowhere to be found / seen 比較正式的書面用語They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. 蚜蟲遭到一窩螞蟻的攻擊，螞蟻從它們身上

54、可以獲得一種蜜。Visit “拜訪”可以翻譯成很多意思，警察拜訪賊窩，“突擊”，疾病拜訪“侵襲”。但這里翻譯成“攻擊”不好，我們知道這是一種“共生關(guān)系”，螞蟻保護(hù)他們，甚至為他們提供食物，可以直接用“拜訪”Which obtained : to obtainI immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. 我當(dāng)即動(dòng)手作了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)，這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)盡管沒有使我擺脫這些螞蟻，卻使我著迷了2

55、4小時(shí)。embarked on : set out to do / set about doing 正式的開始著手做某事 embark登上陸地，入境 Disembark dsmb:k v.下船上岸（= debark）-I immediately set out to do an experiment.kept me fascinated ： kept me occupied同樣這里的讓步語意，字面位置在前，但意思在后面kept me.I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids. 我用一條膠帶把桃樹底部包上，不讓螞蟻接近蚜蟲。Bin