雅思作文寫作Task 1第二課時(shí)—柱狀圖和餅狀圖

1、 太傻面授教師教案 圖表作文講解2：柱狀圖和餅狀圖學(xué)生面授老師時(shí)間本次課時(shí)雅思寫作第二課時(shí)教學(xué)思路1.作文簡(jiǎn)介、寫作技巧2.實(shí)例講解3.分析總結(jié)4.課后作業(yè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)柱狀圖、餅狀圖知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解基本特征和寫作方法實(shí)例分析講解重點(diǎn)寫作技巧講解范文學(xué)習(xí)柱狀圖和餅狀圖寫作方法備考資料劍橋IELTS4-8教學(xué)詳細(xì)內(nèi)容：一、 寫作技巧詳解1. 柱狀圖特點(diǎn)Ø 柱狀圖是動(dòng)態(tài)圖表，切入點(diǎn)是描述趨勢(shì)。Ø 柱狀圖寫作注重“比較”(找出similarity)和“對(duì)比”(找出difference)，也就是說(shuō)需要橫向總結(jié)所有柱狀圖表的共性特征，也要分別描寫各個(gè)柱子的個(gè)性特征。Ø 兩種寫作方式：其

2、一是對(duì)不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較，適合于數(shù)據(jù)代表的物體較少且時(shí)間界限明確的情況。另外是對(duì)單獨(dú)數(shù)據(jù)的全程描述，適合于描述數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象很多且時(shí)間劃定不清晰的情況。2. 餅狀圖特點(diǎn)餅形圖與柱形圖或者線形圖所截然不同的是它沒有了橫軸與縱軸，而以餅形的分割來(lái)表示百分比，可以依照三步審題分析法來(lái)進(jìn)行觀察：Ø 觀察共有幾張餅狀圖，以及它們之間的關(guān)系是什么（一般說(shuō)來(lái)，雅思圖表題中極少見到單餅圖）；Ø 觀察每張餅狀圖中有哪幾個(gè)區(qū)域，以及各個(gè)區(qū)域分別代表什么；Ø 觀察單個(gè)餅狀圖中各區(qū)域間的百分比差異，以及相同區(qū)域在各個(gè)餅狀圖間的百分比的比較或發(fā)展。餅狀圖是所有圖表題中最好寫的一種，唯一值

3、得注意的地方在于如何豐富百分比的表達(dá) 和“占”的表達(dá)，要采取多樣性的表達(dá)，如25%=a quarter of, 50%=half of, >50%=a/the majority of.描寫餅狀圖中的比例構(gòu)成就是餅狀圖圖表作文的重點(diǎn)，但也應(yīng)注意，這種描述并不是對(duì)圖形的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，對(duì)各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)比例的描述應(yīng)建立在歸納整理的基礎(chǔ)上有條理地進(jìn)行。學(xué)生不僅要善于找數(shù)據(jù)，更重要的是要善于從數(shù)據(jù)或比例中升華出來(lái)，找到規(guī)律和本質(zhì)。常用詞匯、句型及模板1. 柱狀圖1）倍數(shù)的表達(dá) 今年的產(chǎn)量是去年產(chǎn)量的兩倍Ø The output this year is two times(twice) more t

4、han last years.Ø As much as 不可數(shù)名詞 as many as 可數(shù)The books of this semester are two times as many as that of last semester.Ø A is two times the amount of B不可數(shù)Ø A is two times the number of B可數(shù)2) 常用套句Ø There was in the number of A from to (over next years), which was followed by and

5、 then untilwhen there was for the next years.Ø Fromonwards, there was in the number of A which then increased / decreased at % in Ø In , the number reached (was) %, but (30) years later there was Ø The number of A increased rapidly from to during the (five-year) period.Ø In the (

6、three years) from through, the percentage of A was slightly larger / smaller than that of B.Ø The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of A.Ø Here is an upward trend in the number of A.Ø (year) witnessed / saw a sharp rise in A.2. 餅狀圖1) 常用詞：percentage, proportion, make up, c

7、onstitute, account for, take up, .is divided intoparts, consume the largest/smallest portion.2) 例句：Ø The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in.Ø The percentage of A in is more than twice than that of B.Ø The biggest loss was to A area.Ø There is not a great

8、deal of difference between A and B.Ø In general positions, females outnumber males.Ø A much greater percentage of men than women are found in managerial positions.Ø The profit of company A doubled from May to September.3） 模板：Ø The two pie charts describe Ø The first point to

9、 note is Ø Comparing the graphs, .Ø The graphs also suggest that Ø In conclusion, it can be seen from the data that .4） 餅狀圖作文模型The two pie charts illustrate the significant changes in peoples ways of communication from 1970 to 1995.The first graph shows that in 1975, the most popular

10、way to communicate was letter writing, with the percentage of 50%. Others _, the figures are 32% and 18% respectively.It can be seen from the second graph that ways of communication changed a lot in two decades. By 1995, _. By contrast, _.Comparing the two pie charts, we can see that the use of the

11、phones and computers during the same period had both risen considerably. However, letter writing became less popular among the people.In general, people inclined to use more modernized mediums to communicate with others, while the traditional way became less employed.The pie chart depicts the propor

12、tion of _. It consists of six segments, the largest one representing _, which account for 26% of the total. _ takes up 21%, becoming the second largest._. The rest proportions, 15% of all, constituting 5% and 10% respectively.From the chart it can be seen clearly that _.二、實(shí)例分析分析思路：1. 第一幅柱狀圖的描述單位是百萬(wàn)，

13、即人數(shù)；第二幅則是百分比。2. 第二幅柱狀圖僅顯示了1970年和2000年的信息，而第一幅柱狀圖顯示了1970、1980、1990、2000年的信息。3. 由第一幅柱狀圖可以看出，從1980年到2000年，結(jié)婚人數(shù)和離婚人數(shù)的變化趨勢(shì)相似。4. 從第二幅圖可以看出，在2000年，結(jié)婚和寡居的成年人的比例有所降低而從未結(jié)婚過和離婚的比例則有所上升。范文分析One chartshows the number of marriages and divorces in the USA in 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000.The othershows the marital sta

14、tus of adult Americans in 1970 and 2000.首段概述圖表信息，對(duì)題目進(jìn)行改寫，注意動(dòng)詞的用法和時(shí)態(tài)。Ø 描述類的常用詞有：show/describe/illustrate/demonstrate/indicate；Ø 首段概括圖表信息的時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；Ø 改寫題目的時(shí)候注意擴(kuò)充時(shí)間地點(diǎn)等細(xì)節(jié)。The first chartindicates that the number of marriages in America(2.5 million) was the same in 1970 and 1980. This summ

15、er thenfell to 2.3 million in 1990 andfell further to 2 million in 2000. The number of divorces was 1 million in 1970 androse to 1.4 million in 1980. Itdeclined to 1.1 million in 1990 andfell slightly to 1 million in 2000. Indicate的用法 保持不變的描述方式：was the same 上升與下降的表達(dá)方式：fall/decline(further/slightly)

16、to, rise to70% of adults were married in 1970, but this declined to 59% in 2000. Thepercentage of widowed peoplefell from 7 %( 1970) to 5 %( 2000). The percentage of single people was 15% in 1970 andincreased to 20% in 2000. The percentage of divorced people alsorose- from 2% (1970) to 8% (2000). 百分

17、比的表達(dá)方式：the percentage of 從多少降到多少：fall fromto 上升到：increase to 從多少增長(zhǎng)到多少：rise fromtoTo summarize, the number of marriages in Americadeclined between 1970 and 2000, whilst the number of divorces rose, then fell. Alower percentage of adult Americans were married or widowed in 2000 than in 1970, but the p

18、ercentages of single and divorced adults were higher. 從哪年到哪年下降：decline betweenand 更低的百分比：lower percentage分析思路1. 四個(gè)餅狀圖可以分為兩組，一組是澳大利亞，一組是法國(guó)；2. 餅狀圖由五部分組成:coal, oil, natural gas, hydro power, nuclear power;3. 圖中的時(shí)間是1980年和2000年4. 單位是units范文分析The chartscompare the sources of electricity in Australia and F

19、rance in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almostdoubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France. 對(duì)比：compare 翻番：double 從多少增長(zhǎng)到多少：rise fromtoIn 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and theremainder w

20、as produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydrocontinued to be another significant source supplyingapproximately 20%. 剩余的：remainder 繼續(xù)的趨勢(shì)：continue to 大約：approximately In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. Theremaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear