小學(xué)英語知識點

1、小學(xué)英語一、名詞：有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.1、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分,名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么：(1) 一般在名詞詞尾加“s如：teacherteachesegg-eggs(2)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞加es如class-classesbox-boxesbus-buseswatch-watches(3)以輔音字母+y的名詞變y為i再加es如：story-storieslibrary-libraries,dictionary-dictionarieshobby-hobbies(4)以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f,fe為v力口es如：life-livesleaf-leaveshalf-halv

2、esknife-kniveswolf-wolveswife-wives(5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞“英雄芒果土豆西紅柿加eshero-heroesmango-mangoespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes其余加s(目前所學(xué)的詞)zoo-zooskilo-kilosradioradiosphoto-photospiano-pianos(6)不規(guī)那么名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式如：childchildrenwoman-womenman-menfoot-feettooth-teeth有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,如JapaneseChinese,sheep,如：Ihaveonesheep.He

3、hastwosheep.2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞有：(1)milk,water,juice,tea,ice;(2) food,rice,meat,fish,chicken,bread,cheese(3) paper,newspaper,hair,time,money,homework,housework不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量常表示如下twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheeseabagofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater二人稱代詞人稱代詞包括主格和賓格.主格在句中作主語,賓格用于動詞或介詞后作賓語.主格Iweyouhe

4、sheitthey賓meusyouhimheritthem格我我你,他她它他們們你們Wearegoingtohaveapicnic.Letusgo.ImisseveryoneinChina.Whocanhelpme?Whatishedoing?Heistryingtogetonthebus.Lookathim.Shecan'thear.Thisdoghelpsher.TellmemoreabouttheGreatWall.三、物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞.形容詞性物主代詞后需跟名詞,名詞性物主代詞后不用跟.名詞性物主代詞含義=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞的含義形容詞性

5、物主代詞myouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞mineoursyourshishersitstheirsThisismybook.=Thisbookismine.Thisishisbag.=Thisbagishis.Yourwatchisold,buthersisnew.Thanksgivingismyfavouritefestival.WesayThankyou"forourfood,familyandfriends.四、疑問詞who誰what什么when什么時候whattime幾點where哪里why為什么how怎樣howmuch多少howmany多少how

6、old多大whose誰的whatcolour什么顏色howlong多長1 .對人物提問用whoWhogaveittoyou?Simon'sfamilygaveittome.Whocanhelpme?canhelpyou.2 .對事物或做某事提問用whatWhatdoyouwant?Iwantahotdog..7.Whatareyoudoing?WhatareyougoingtoEnglish.Whatareyougoingtoaroundthelake.What'sitabout?對時間提問用whenIamreadingabook.study?I'mgoi

7、ngtostudydo?We'regoingtowalkIt'saboutanimals.Whosecapisthis?It'sAmy'scap.Whosepenisthat?It'shjspen.12. 對顏色提問用whatcolourWhatcolourisit?It'sblack.13. 對星期提問用whatdayWhatdayisittoday?It'sMonday.14. Howlongisit?It'saboutsixthousandsevenhundredkilometers.Whenareyougoingtoeat

8、?We'regoingtoeatathalfpasttwelve.Whenwasheborn?Hewasbornin1809.對點鐘提問用whattimeWhattimeisit?It'stwelve.Whattimedoyougetup?對地點提問用whereWherewasheborn?Whereareyou?Where'syourmum?對原因提問用whyIgetupatsixo'clock.HewasborninFrance.Iamonthetrain.She'satthesupermarket.Whyareyouwearingaraincoat

9、?Becauseit'sgoingtorain.對身體狀況或方式提問用howHowareyou?I'mfine.Howareyougoingtogotoschool?I'mgoingtogotoschoolbybus.8.對價錢或不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmuchHowmuchisit?It'sthirteendollarsandtwenty-fivecents.Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?Iwanttwobottlesofmilk.9 .對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmanyHowmanybooksarethereonthedesk?Therea

10、rethreebooksonthedesk.10 .對年齡提問用howoldHowoldareyou?I'mtwelve.特殊疑問句語序：疑問詞+一般疑問句語序？例：Howdoyougotoschool?疑問詞做主語+謂語動詞+?例：Whogaveittoyou?五.時態(tài)1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).經(jīng)常與表示過去的時間連用.如yesterday昨天,lastweek上周,lastmonth上個月,lastyear去年,twomonthsago兩個月前等.構(gòu)成：1肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+Hemadeavideo.否認句：主語+didn't+動詞原形+H

11、edidn'tmakeavideo.一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+.?Didhemakeavideo?2be動詞用was,were.否認句在was,were后力口not.一般疑問句把was,were提前到句首.ShewasborninAmerica.ShewasnotborninAmerica.WassheborninAmerica?2.現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作構(gòu)成：主語+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞+Thebirdsaresinginginthetrees.否認句在am/is/are后力口not.11.對“某人的提問用whoseThebirdsarenotsinging

12、inthetrees.一般疑問句把am/is/are提前到句首.一般疑問句：Does+主語+動詞原形+Hedoesn'tlikenoodles.Arethebirdssinginginthetrees?3 .一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).經(jīng)常與表示將來的時間連用.如tomorrow明天,nextweek下周,nextyear明年等.構(gòu)成：1主語+will+動詞原形+Hewillpickuptheapples.否認句在will后加not.Hewillnotpickuptheapples.一般疑問句把will提前到句首.Willhepickuptheapples?2主

13、語+begoingto+動詞原形+WearegoingtostudyFrench.否認句在am/is/are后加not.WearenotgoingtostudyFrench.一般疑問句把am/is/are提前到句首.AreyougoingtostudyFrench?4 .一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).構(gòu)成：1主語+am/is/are+否認句在am/is/are后加not.一般疑問句把am/is/are提前到句首.HelenKellerisamodelforblindpeopleandforyouandme.2肯定句：主語+動詞原形+Theduckslikeit.否認句：主語+

14、don't+動詞原形+Theducksdon'tlikeit.一般疑問句：Do+主語+動詞原形+.?Dotheduckslikeit?3肯定句：主語三單+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式+Helikesnoodles.否認句：主語+doesn't+動詞原形+Doeshelikenoodles六.動詞過去式形式規(guī)那么動詞的過去式構(gòu)成1 .一般在動詞詞尾加ed如：work-workedplay-playedwatch-watched2 .以e結(jié)尾動詞在詞尾加d如：live-lived3 .以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕再加ed如：study-studiedcopy-copiedc

15、ry-criedcarry-carried4 .有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加ed,如：stop-stoppeddrop-dropped5、不規(guī)那么動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強,須多加記憶.動詞原形動詞過去式動詞原形動詞過去式gowentcomecamebecomebecamebringbroughtsaysaidputputteachtaughtcancouldreadreadgivegaveam/iswasareweredodidflyflewhavehadmakemaderunranseesawriderodewinwongetgottelltoldeatatesendsenttaketoo

16、kbuyboughtsitsatmeetmetwritewrotedrawdrewswimswamflyflewrinkdrankgivegaveringrangfallfell七.動詞ing形式也是現(xiàn)在分詞形式否認句在can,could后力口notcannot=can'tcouldnot=couldn't現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么1.一般在動詞詞尾直接加“ingsleep-sleepinglook-lookingwear-wearingsend-sendingeat-eatingsing-singinggo-goingjump-jumpingplay-playing2.以不發(fā)音的e

17、結(jié)尾的動詞要去掉e再加上“ingWecan'tgonow.Ican'twriteChinese.Ican'tcarryeverything.Hisfriendscan'thearhim.Shecouldn'tseeandshecouldrithear.一般疑問句把can,could提前到句首.Canyouswim?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.CanyouspeakEnglish?CanIwritetoyourfriends?write-writingcome-comingride-ridinghave-havingmake-makin

18、gshine-shiningtake-takingclose-closing3.有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母再加“ingget-gettingput-puttingsit-sittingrun-runningswim-swimmingskip-skippingshop-shopping八.動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么1 .大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“Sstopstopsmakemakesreadreadsplayplayssayseisayssez2 .以輔音字母加“拜尾的,要先將“諼為“i然后在加“esflyfliescarrycarriesstudystudiesworryworr

19、ies3 .以“s,x,shch,o結(jié)尾,在詞尾加"esCanyoubemyChinesepenfriend?Yes,ofcourse.十.反義詞big-smalllong-shortnew-oldtall-shortyoung-oldheavy-lighteasy-hard/difficultup-downearly-latefat-thinwhite-blackcry-laughdifferent-sameinside-outsidehot-coldhappy-sadgood-badclean-dirtybring-takethis-thatthese-thosealways-n

20、everwoman-manH一、同音詞for-fourson-sunhour-ourtoo-tworight-writeeye-Iaren't-auntsent-centwhere-weartheir-thereby-buysee-seateachteacheswatchwatchesgogoesdo-does九、情態(tài)動詞can過去式could后加動詞原形十二.、近義詞good-wellstudy-learn十三、縮寫形式與完全形式IcanwriteEnglish.Icancarrythisbag.Icanhelpyou.Wecanalwaysbefriends.Latershecou

21、ldreadandwrite.thatis=that'swhatis=whatsletus=letsweare=weretheyare=theyreyouare=yourecannot=cantcouldnot=couldn'tshouldnot=Iam=I'mheis=he'ssheis=sheJsitis=it'sshouldn't、willnot=won'tI'll=Iwillspring春天summer夏天autumn秋天winter冬天we'll=wewill數(shù)字：donot=don'tdoesnot=d

22、oesntdidone一two二three三four四five五six六not=didntseven七ithasgot=it'sgotIhavegot=I'vegoteight八nine九ten十elevenHtwelve十二havenot=haven'thasnot=hasn'tthirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五sixteenarenot=aren'tisnot=isnt十六十四、小學(xué)英語分類單詞和詞組seventeen十七eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty天氣：二十rain下雨snow下雪rainy有雨的th

23、irty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十snowy有雪的hot炎熱的cold嚴寒的seventy七十warm溫暖的cool涼爽的eighty八十ninety九十onehundred一百windy有風(fēng)的sunny晴朗的onethousand一千onemillion一百萬食物：衣服：hamburger漢堡hotdog熱狗sandwich三明治T-shirtT恤衫dress裙子sweater毛衣trousers褲子chip薯條chicken雞肉fish魚肉meat肉skirt短裙sock襪子shoe鞋coat外套,上衣noodles面條rice大米動物：soup湯cake蛋糕bread

24、面包cheese奶酪cat貓dog狗monkey猴panda熊貓vegetable蔬菜fruit水果sausageH1腸biscuit餅干elephant大象sweets糖果icecream冰激凌peanut花生tiger老虎lion獅子pig豬chameleon變色龍飲料：snake蛇mouse老鼠bear熊kangaroo袋鼠milk牛奶tea茶orangejuice橙汁coffee咖啡frog青蛙cola可樂water水juice果汁parrot鸚鵡bird鳥owl貓頭鷹camel駱駝顏色：家庭成員：red紅色的green綠色的yellow黃色的black黑色的grandmother奶奶

25、grandfather爺爺grandparents祖父white白色的orange橙色的blue藍色的purple紫色的母pink粉紅色的mother媽媽father爸爸parents父母親星期：brother兄弟Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三sister姐妹uncle叔,伯,舅aunt阿姨cousinThursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday表兄弟星期日學(xué)科：月份：Chinese語文English英語Math數(shù)學(xué)PE體育Art藝January一月February二月March三月April四月術(shù)Science科學(xué)Physics物

26、理Chemistry化學(xué)HistoryMay五月June六月July七月August八月September歷史Geography地理九月October十月NovemberH月December十二月節(jié)日：季節(jié)：FlagDay國旗日ThanksgivingDay感恩節(jié)Halloween萬圣節(jié)EasterFestival復(fù)活節(jié)Christmas圣誕節(jié)SpringFestival春節(jié)LanternFestival元宵節(jié)DragonBoatFestival端午節(jié)Mid-AutumnFestival中秋節(jié)名勝景點：BigBen大本鐘theRiverThames泰晤士河HydePark海德公園TowerBr

27、idge塔橋theLondonBridge倫敦橋theBritishMuseum大英博物館theLondonEye倫敦眼theGreatWall長城theSummerPalace頤和園theChangjiangRiver長江theWestLake西湖theHuangshanMountain黃山TheMingTombs明十三陵MountQomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰球類：playfootball踢足球playbasketball打籃球playbaseball打棒球playtabletennis打乒乓球playvolleyball打排球棋類：playchess下象棋樂器：playtheguitar

28、彈吉他playthedrums敲鼓playthezither彈吉他playthepiano彈鋼琴playtheflute吹笛子playthetrumpet吹小號體育運動：haveaSportsDay舉行運動會domorningexercises做早操doTaijiquan打太極拳dothehighjump跳遠dothelongjump跳高runthe100meters跑一百米runfast跑得快jumphigh跳高jumplong跳遠swim游泳goswimming去游泳skip跳繩controltheball限制球catchtheball接球rowaboat戈U船生日：HappyBirthd

29、ay!生日快樂makeabirthdaycard制作生日卡片haveabirthdayparty舉力、生日派對haveagreatbirthday過愉快的生日交通工具：bybus乘公共汽車bycar乘小汽車bybike騎自行車byplane乘飛機byship乘輪船bytrain坐火車onfoot步行詞組：flykites或者flyakite放風(fēng)箏gotoseefilms去看電影watchTV看電視playcomputergames玩電腦游戲haveapicnic吃野餐gotoschool去上學(xué)gohome回家gotothepark去公園gotomiddleschool去上中學(xué)gotobed去睡

30、覺gothere去那里goshopping去購物gotothedoctor去看病saygoodnight道晚安flyaway飄走makeavideo制作錄像makemistakes犯錯誤writealetter寫信writeabook寫書takepictures=takephotos照相l(xiāng)istentomusic聽音樂readabook讀書readstories讀故事dohomework做作業(yè)makeacake做蛋糕makedumplings做餃子washclothes洗衣服makeane-card制作電子卡片rideahorse騎馬climbmountains爬山climbtrees爬樹ha

31、vealovelytime玩的開心askquestions問問題makealist列清單shoppinglist購物單collectstamps收集郵票singsongs唱歌turnleft向左轉(zhuǎn)cleantheclassroom清掃教室eatfastfood吃快餐turnright向右轉(zhuǎn)gostraighton直走haveacold感冒haveaheadache頭疼havebreakfast吃早餐havelunch吃午餐havesupper吃晚餐=havedinnerhaveabaseballteam組建棒球隊comeon力口油comein進來comefrom來自=befromcomebac

32、k回來clickon點擊goupthehill上山godownthehill下山playwithdolls玩洋娃娃findout查找begoodat擅長bringback歸還outof往外ofcourse當(dāng)然可以inEnglish用英語allovertheworld=allaroundtheworld全世界standup起立sitdown坐下attheweekend在周末notatall一點也不getup起床geton上車getoff下車inahurry匆忙nextto挨著turnonthelight翻開燈pointto指向talkabout談?wù)搕alktosb和某人談話giveout分發(fā)wr

33、itetosb給某人寫信sayhellotosb向某人打招呼縮寫：thePRC=thePeople'sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國theUSA=theUnitedStatesofAmerica美國theUN=theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國theUK=theUnitedKingdom英國十五.句型1 .介詞后加動詞ing形式It'sforplayingbaseball.2 .說某種語言用speakWearegoingtospeakChinese.IcanspeakEnglish.HecanspeakFrench.ClassThree.Ourpicnicis

34、wet.Mynewspaperisflyingaway.Theseducksareverynoisy.Theorangesarefalling.Thesepostcardsaregreat.6 .詢問天氣用What'stheweatherlike?或者Howistheweather?描述天氣用動詞或者be+表示天氣的形容詞It'sgoingtosnowinHarbin.It'sgoingtorainsoon.Itsgoingtobesunnytomorrow.7 .在星期幾,具體的某一天用onIhadaveryfunnydayonSaturday.onTeachersD

35、ayonFlagDayonThanksgivingDay8 .look表示看,看起來lookat表示看某物某人see表示看見lookoutof往外看Look!Heisrunning.Itlooksgood.Icanseeyou.Wearelookingatsomeducks.Iamlookingoutofthewindow.3.輔音音素前用a,元音音素前用anahotdogacaranhouranicecreamanappleanorangeanegganemailananimalanelephant4.想做某事wanttodosomethingWhatdoyouwanttoeat?Whatd

36、oyouwanttodrink?DoyouwanttogotoChinatown?Iwanttogoswimming.想讓某人做某事wantsomebodytodosthIwantedyoutobringthebaseballcaps.Iwantyoutobemyfriends.5.be動詞包括am,is,are.用法我接am你接are,is跟著他她它.單數(shù)不可數(shù)用is,復(fù)數(shù)用are.IaminClassOne.YouareinClassTwo.HeisinLookatthisone.9 .名詞所有格表示某人的,一般在名詞詞尾加s.I'mmakingDaming'sbirthd

37、aycard.10 .球類前不加the,樂器前加theDamingisplayingthetrumpet.Icanplaytheviolin.I'mgoingtoplayfootballwithmyfriends.11 .在某年,某月,某季節(jié),在上午,下午,晚上用ininOctober2003in1809inspringinthemorningintheafternoonintheevening15. beproudof為感到自豪Hewasveryproudofhim.16. 許多的lotsof等于alotof后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或者不可數(shù)名詞many后加復(fù)數(shù)名詞much后加不可數(shù)名詞lots

38、ofpeoplelotsofmistakesmanybooksmuchmilkIlikereadingandswimming.17. What'sthematter?怎么了？18. 在某一時刻用atWearegoingtohaveapartyathalfpastsix.19. let's等于letus后加動詞原形Let'sgo.Let'ssendanemailtoDad.20. Hereyouare.給你！21. some用于肯定句中,any用于否認句和疑問句中Iamsendingsomephotos.IcanspeaksomeEnglish.Theseares

39、omestampsfromCanada.Thereweren'tanytelevisionsmanyyearsago.HaveyougotanyAmericanstamps?20. too當(dāng)"也用時,放在句尾.Thecolaisfalling,too.too還可以當(dāng)"太"講It'stoobigforyou.toomany太多Therearetoomanybooksonthedesk.22. ThankyouforThankyouforyouremail.Thankyoufortalkingtous.23. Whatabout?等于Howabout?

40、后加名詞,代詞賓格,動詞ing形式.Whataboutchopsticks?Howaboutyou?Whataboutswimming?24. buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.給某人買某物Iboughtyouabook.=Iboughtabookforyou.23. givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.給某人某物PleasegivethesepencilstoAmy.=PleasegiveAmythesepencils.Hegivespresentstothechildren.GrandmagivesDamingapresent.24. learntodosth學(xué)

41、會做某事Helenlearnedtospeak.Latershelearnedtoread.25. 喜歡做某事likedoingsth.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikesplayingthe26. bereadyfor為.做好準備Areyoureadyforyourtriptomorrow?27. -Happybirthdaytoyou.-Thankyou.28. -Thankyouverymuch.-Youarewelcome./That'sallright.29. -I'msorry.-Itdoesn'tmatter./Notatall./T

42、hat'sallright.That'sallright.=That'sokay/OK.30. -Nicetomeetyou.-Nicetomeetyou,too.31. -Howareyou?-I'mfine,thankyou.32. -Howdoyoudo?-Howdoyoudo?33. -Wouldyouliketocometoschoolwithus?-Yes,I'dloveto.34.-Wouldyoulikesomejuice?-Yes,please.-Wouldyoulikesomebread?-No,thanks.35.-Whatsthe

43、datetoday?-It'sJune1.36.-CanIaskyousomequestions?-Yes,ofcourse37. thesameas與一樣LineAisthesameasLineB.38. waitfor.等候某人某物Waitforus.39.should應(yīng)該shouldn't不應(yīng)該后加動詞原形Youshouldeatfruit.Youshouldn'twalkintheroad.41. Whatdoyouhaveforbreakfast?-Ihaveeggs.42. atschool在學(xué)校athome在家onTV43. 感慨句WhataninterestingCD-ROM!Whatamess!Whatabigbuilding!Whatafantasticpresent!44. Whathappenedtohim?45. -Doyoulikemeat?-Yes,Ido