新概念第二冊(cè)75

1、Lesson 75sos=save our souls S.O.S.-S.O.S.-求救信號(hào)求救信號(hào) 很多人都以為很多人都以為S.O.S.S.O.S.是由一些單字的首字母是由一些單字的首字母縮寫(xiě)而成，如縮寫(xiě)而成，如Save Our SoulsSave Our Souls（拯救我們的生（拯救我們的生命?。?，命?。?，Save Our ShipSave Our Ship（拯救我們的船只?。ㄕ任覀兊拇唬。┑取Ｕ媸沁@樣的嗎？等。真是這樣的嗎？ 其實(shí)，其實(shí)，S.O.S.S.O.S.是國(guó)際是國(guó)際莫爾斯電碼救難信號(hào)莫爾斯電碼救難信號(hào)，并非任何單字的縮寫(xiě)。并非任何單字的縮寫(xiě)。 國(guó)際無(wú)線電報(bào)公約組織于國(guó)際無(wú)

2、線電報(bào)公約組織于19081908年正式將它確年正式將它確定為國(guó)際通用海難求救信號(hào)。這三個(gè)字母組定為國(guó)際通用海難求救信號(hào)。這三個(gè)字母組合沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際意義，只是因?yàn)樗碾姶a合沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際意義，只是因?yàn)樗碾姶a .-.-.-.（三個(gè)圓點(diǎn)，三個(gè)破折號(hào)，然后再加三（三個(gè)圓點(diǎn)，三個(gè)破折號(hào)，然后再加三個(gè)圓點(diǎn)）在電報(bào)中是發(fā)報(bào)方最容易發(fā)出，接個(gè)圓點(diǎn)）在電報(bào)中是發(fā)報(bào)方最容易發(fā)出，接報(bào)方最容易辨識(shí)的電碼。報(bào)方最容易辨識(shí)的電碼。 單詞學(xué)習(xí)單詞學(xué)習(xí) thick signal stamp helicopter scene survivor adj. 厚的厚的 n. 信號(hào)信號(hào) v. 跺，踩跺，踩 n. 直升飛機(jī)直升飛機(jī) n

3、. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng) n. 幸存者幸存者 Thick 1）adj. 厚的厚的 一層厚厚的油漆一層厚厚的油漆 a thick coat of paint 2）濃密的濃密的,稠密的稠密的; 茂密的茂密的 濃密的頭發(fā)濃密的頭發(fā) 眉毛眉毛 thick hair eyebrows 茂密的森林茂密的森林 a thick forest 3）adj. 濃的濃的,深的深的; 大的大的 濃霧濃霧 a thick fog 一片漆黑一片漆黑 thick darkness 4）adv. 厚厚,濃濃 別把奶油涂得太厚別把奶油涂得太厚 Dont spread the butter too thick. Signal 1）n. 信號(hào)

4、信號(hào) 我們住的離城里太遠(yuǎn)我們住的離城里太遠(yuǎn), 不能收到清晰的電視圖不能收到清晰的電視圖像。像。 We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal. 2）V. 發(fā)信號(hào)發(fā)信號(hào) signal for /to 他作手勢(shì)要侍者拿菜單來(lái)。他作手勢(shì)要侍者拿菜單來(lái)。 He signaled the waiter to bring the menu. The teacher signaled for quiet . Stamp v. 跺，踩跺，踩 他踩熄香煙他踩熄香煙 He stamped out the cigarette.stam

5、p out 踩出，踩滅踩出，踩滅He stamped out a burning stick.He stamp his name on all his books . n.郵票，章郵票，章 自從他八歲的時(shí)候就自從他八歲的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)集郵了。已經(jīng)集郵了。 He has been collecting stamps since he was eight. None is genuine without our stamp. 未蓋我們的戳記的都未蓋我們的戳記的都不是真貨。不是真貨。 helicopter n. 直升飛機(jī)直升飛機(jī) 可以表示飛機(jī)的詞語(yǔ)可以表示飛機(jī)的詞語(yǔ) plane ;airplane; a

6、ero-plane; aircraft 用直升機(jī)把他送到了醫(yī)院。用直升機(jī)把他送到了醫(yī)院。 He was sent to the hospital by helicopter. scene n.（事件發(fā)生的）地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（事件發(fā)生的）地點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)場(chǎng) 一架直升飛機(jī)很快飛抵出事現(xiàn)場(chǎng)搭救幸存者一架直升飛機(jī)很快飛抵出事現(xiàn)場(chǎng)搭救幸存者 A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors. 在謀殺案現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些東西。在謀殺案現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些東西。 These things were found on the scene of the mur

7、der. n. 風(fēng)景，景色；景象風(fēng)景，景色；景象 漂亮的景色總是能讓我很開(kāi)心。漂亮的景色總是能讓我很開(kāi)心。 A beautiful scene always makes me delighted. survivor n. 幸存者幸存者(指人指人) 同根詞：同根詞： survival n. 幸存，殘存物幸存，殘存物 survive v. 生存；存活下來(lái)生存；存活下來(lái) 我學(xué)過(guò)如何生活，但是現(xiàn)在我知道了如何生存。我學(xué)過(guò)如何生活，但是現(xiàn)在我知道了如何生存。 I have learnt how to live, but now I know how to survive. 我在那場(chǎng)大火中幸存了下來(lái)。我在

8、那場(chǎng)大火中幸存了下來(lái)。 I survived after the fire. survive + sth.(災(zāi)難災(zāi)難) 經(jīng)過(guò)某種災(zāi)難還存在，還活著經(jīng)過(guò)某種災(zāi)難還存在，還活著 這房子在地震后仍然存在。這房子在地震后仍然存在。 The house survived the earthquake. When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. off course 脫離軌道脫離軌道 在風(fēng)暴中，船脫離了其航線。在風(fēng)暴中，船

9、脫離了其航線。 During the storm, the ship went off course. kill v. 殺（僅表示被殺死了，不一定是人為的殺（僅表示被殺死了，不一定是人為的殺死殺死,有可能是火災(zāi)等）有可能是火災(zāi)等） 他死于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)他死于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) He was killed in the war. murder v. 謀殺（故意殺死）謀殺（故意殺死） The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. 貨車司機(jī)沒(méi)有受傷就逃脫了，但是

10、一個(gè)行人貨車司機(jī)沒(méi)有受傷就逃脫了，但是一個(gè)行人受傷了。受傷了。 The lorry driver escaped unhurt, but a pedestrian was injured. middle of winter 隆冬隆冬 middle of summer盛夏盛夏 Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. lay 是系動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞,thick是形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)是形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)。的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)。 老人病怏怏的躺著。老人病怏怏的躺著。

11、The old man lies ill. miles away 幾英里之外幾英里之外 郵局在五百米以外。郵局在五百米以外。 The post office is five hundred meters away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. turninto = change

12、 sth. into 把把變成變成 熱使水變成蒸氣熱使水變成蒸氣 Heat turns water into vapor. get 作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“變得變得”： 天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。 It is getting warmer and warmer. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. asas sb. can/could = asas pos

13、sible 盡可能的盡可能的 他盡量多的獲取食物，然后出發(fā)。他盡量多的獲取食物，然后出發(fā)。 He got as much food as he could and set out. 告訴吉姆讓他盡快到我辦公室來(lái)。告訴吉姆讓他盡快到我辦公室來(lái)。 Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can. near to = close toGrammar - 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)l“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。l功能：是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表?xiàng)l件、表方式、

14、表伴隨、表時(shí)間等，在句中通常起狀語(yǔ)作用。 Grammar - 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)l形式：l-ing 分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.l-ed分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.l無(wú)動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。 She hurried into the classroom, books in hand.Grammar - 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Pay attention:l當(dāng)分詞短語(yǔ)等結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)

15、不能省略。She turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find.They jumped and cheered, tears running down their faces.The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.She hurried into the classroom, books in hand.Grammar - 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Pay attent

16、ion:獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與固定的習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)l有的分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)。Generally speaking, this rule is very easy to understand.l有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說(shuō)話人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。To be honest, to be frank, etc.Grammar - asas 的用法lasas意為“和一樣”，表示同級(jí)的比較。l基本用法:as+ adj./ adv. +asMy book is as interesting as yours.not as/so +adj./ adv

17、. +as This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think it is. 若有修飾成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，則其必須置于第一個(gè)as之前。She will not go out with a man who is twice as old as she. Grammar - asas 的用法l幾個(gè)關(guān)于asas的常見(jiàn)句型： asas possible/can 盡可能的 asas usual/before 像以前一樣as long as 和一樣長(zhǎng)；只要 as far as 遠(yuǎn)至；就而論，據(jù)as

18、well as 和一樣好 Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. hear sb. doing sth. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正在做某事聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人正在做某事 他聽(tīng)到狗正在叫。他聽(tīng)到狗正在叫。 He heard a dog barking. overhead adv. 從頭頂從頭頂 一輪明月當(dāng)空照耀著一輪明月當(dāng)空照耀著 Overhead the moon was shining. wonder = want to know 我想知道發(fā)生了什么事我想知道發(fā)生了什

19、么事 I wonder what happened.Grammar -賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) l感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞: feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch, etc.+現(xiàn)在分詞He saw her working in the garden.+不帶to的不定式He saw her enter the room. l使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞: get，have，keep，leave，send，set , etc.+現(xiàn)在分詞I cant get the car starting.+不定式I cant get him to stop smoking. Then she had a

20、n idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. stamp out 踩出踩出 out 在這里為副詞，表示在這里為副詞，表示“出現(xiàn)，顯露出現(xiàn)，顯露”等等 他寫(xiě)出了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的禁食的單子。他寫(xiě)出了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的禁食的單子。 He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. SOS = Save Our

21、Souls 國(guó)際通用的呼救信號(hào)國(guó)際通用的呼救信號(hào) by radio 通過(guò)廣播通過(guò)廣播 他通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向全世界發(fā)布了一條消息。他通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)向全世界發(fā)布了一條消息。 He sent a message by internet to the world. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. It was not long before + 從句從句 不久就不久就 (指過(guò)去指過(guò)去) 不久他就去了國(guó)外。不久他就去了國(guó)外。 It was not

22、 long before he went abroad. 不久我就做完了作業(yè)。不久我就做完了作業(yè)。 It was not long before I finished my homework. It will not be long before 不久就不久就（指將來(lái)）（指將來(lái)） 不久他的病就會(huì)好的。不久他的病就會(huì)好的。 It will not be long before he gets over his illness. long before = long long ago 很久很久以前很久很久以前 before long 不久以后不久以后 （從現(xiàn)在算不久以后會(huì)怎么樣）（從現(xiàn)在算不久以后

23、會(huì)怎么樣） 不久以后，他會(huì)去國(guó)外的。不久以后，他會(huì)去國(guó)外的。 Before long, he will go abroad. on the scene 在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（固定短語(yǔ)）在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（固定短語(yǔ)）可以表示可以表示“變成變成”的一些動(dòng)詞的一些動(dòng)詞 grow，turn，go，get，come，fall 等動(dòng)詞均有等動(dòng)詞均有“變成變成”的意思，但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌袝r(shí)有差別。的意思，但它們?cè)谟梅ㄉ嫌袝r(shí)有差別。 grow 表示表示“（逐漸）變得（逐漸）變得”，比，比get要正式些：要正式些： grow dark（變黑）（變黑） grow = get slowly慢慢變得慢慢變得 他已經(jīng)變胖了。他已經(jīng)變胖了。 He has grown fat. 他變得喜歡學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)了。他變得喜歡學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)了。 He has grown to like studying mathematics. turn表示表示“把（狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)）改變（成）把（狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)）改變（成）”或或“使變顏色使變顏色”等等 秋天葉子會(huì)變黃。秋天葉子會(huì)變黃。 Leaves will turn yellow in autumn. 一群蜜蜂把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)當(dāng)作了蜂巢。一群蜜蜂把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)當(dāng)作了蜂巢。 A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive. 他的臉變紅了他的臉變紅了 His face turned red.