合同法中英文逐條對(duì)照版

1、中華人民共和國(guó)合同法ContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina總則第一章一般規(guī)定第二章合同的訂立第三章合同的效力第四章合同的履行第五章合同的變更和轉(zhuǎn)讓第六章合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)終止第七章違約責(zé)任第八章其他規(guī)定分則第九章買賣合同第十章供用電、水、氣、熱力合同第十一章贈(zèng)與合同第十二章借款合同第十三章租賃合同第十四章融資租賃合同第十五章承攬合同第十六章建設(shè)工程合同第十七章運(yùn)輸合同第十八章技術(shù)合同第十九章保管合同第二十章倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)合同第二十一章委托合同第二十二章行紀(jì)合同第二十三章居間合同附則總貝UGeneralProvisions第一章一般規(guī)定Chapter1Gener

2、alProvisions第一條【立法目的】為了保護(hù)合同當(dāng)事人的合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，促進(jìn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，制定本法。Article1ThisLawisenactedinordertoprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthecontractingparties,tomaintainsocialandeconomicorder,andtopromotetheprocessofsocialistmodernization.第二條【合同定義】本法所稱合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議?；橐?、收養(yǎng)、監(jiān)護(hù)等有關(guān)身份

3、關(guān)系的協(xié)議，適用其他法律的規(guī)定。Article2AcontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementamongnaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizationsasequalpartiesfortheestablishment,modificationofarelationshipinvolvingthecivilrightsandobligationsofsuchentities.Agreementsconcerningpersonalrelationshipssuchasmarriage,adoption,guardians

4、hip,etc.shallbegovernedbytheprovisionsinotherlaws.第三條【平等原則】合同當(dāng)事人的法律地位平等，一方不得將自己的意志強(qiáng)加給另一方。Article3Contractingpartiesshallhaveequallegalstatus,andnopartymayimposeitswillontheotherparty.第四條【合同自由原則】當(dāng)事人依法享有自愿訂立合同的權(quán)利，任何單位和個(gè)人不得非法干預(yù)。Article4Thepartieshavetherighttolawfullyenterintoacontractoftheirownfreewil

5、linaccordancewiththelaw,andnounitorindividualmayillegallyinterferetherewith.第五條【公平原則】當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。Article5Thepartiesshalladheretotheprincipleoffairnessindecidingtheirrespectiverightsandobligations.第六條【誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則】當(dāng)事人行使權(quán)利、履行義務(wù)應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。Article6Thepartiesshallobservetheprincipleofhonestyandgoodfa

6、ithinexercisingtheirrightsandperformingtheirobligations.第七條【遵紀(jì)守法原則】當(dāng)事人訂立、履行合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、行政法規(guī)，尊重社會(huì)公德，不得擾亂社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，損害社會(huì)公共利益。Article7Inconcludingandperformingacontract,thepartiesshallcomplywiththelawsandadministrativeregulations,respectsocialethics,andshallnotdisruptthesocialandeconomicorderorimpairthepubli

7、cinterests.第八條【依合同履行義務(wù)原則】依法成立的合同，對(duì)當(dāng)事人具有法律約束力。當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定履行自己的義務(wù)，不得擅自變更或者解除合同。依法成立的合同，受法律保護(hù)。Article8Alawfullyestablishedcontractshallbelegallybindingonthepartiesthereto,eachofwhomshallperformitsownobligationsinaccordancewiththetermsofthecontract,andnopartyshallunilaterallymodifyorterminatethecontract.T

8、hecontractestablishedaccordingtolawisprotectedbylaw.第二章合同的訂立Chapter2ConclusionofContracts第九條【訂立合同的能力】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)具有相應(yīng)的民事權(quán)利能力和民事行為能力。當(dāng)事人依法可以委托代理人訂立合同。Article9Inenteringintoacontract,thepartiesshallhaveappropriatecapacitiesforcivilrightsandcivilacts.Apartymayappointanagenttoenterintoacontractonitsbehalf

9、inaccordancewiththelaw.第十條【合同的形式】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，有書面形式、口頭形式和其他形式。法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。Article10Thepartiesmayusewritten,oralorotherformsinenteringintoacontract.Acontractshallbeinwrittenformifthelawsoradministrativeregulationssoprovide.Acontractshallbeconcludedinwrittenformifthepart

10、iessoagree.第十一條【書面形式】書面形式是指合同書、信件和數(shù)據(jù)電文（包括電報(bào)、電傳、傳真、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和電子郵件）等可以有形地表現(xiàn)所載內(nèi)容的形式。Article11"Writtenform"referstoaformsuchasawrittencontractualagreement,letter,electronicdatatext（includingatelegram,telex,fax,electronicdataexchangeande-mail）thatcantangiblyexpressthecontentscontainedtherein.第十二條【

11、合同內(nèi)容】合同的內(nèi)容由當(dāng)事人約定，一般包括以下條款：（一）當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名和住所；（二）標(biāo)的；（三）數(shù)量；（四）質(zhì)量；（五）價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬；（六）履行期限、地點(diǎn)和方式；（七）違約責(zé)任；（八）解決爭(zhēng)議的方法。當(dāng)事人可以參照各類合同的示范文本訂立合同。Article12Thecontentsofacontractshallbeagreeduponbytheparties,andshallgenerallycontainthefollowingclauses:（1） titlesornamesanddomicilesoftheparties;（2） subjectmatter;（3） quanti

12、ty;（4） quality;（5） priceorremuneration;（6） timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;（7） liabilityforbreachofcontract;and（8） methodtosettledisputes.Thepartiesmayconcludeacontractbyreferencetoamodeltextofeachkindofcontract.第十三條【訂立合同方式】當(dāng)事人訂立合同，采取要約、承諾方式。Article 13 Thepartiesshallconcludeacontractintheform

13、ofanofferandanacceptance.第十四條【要約】要約是希望和他人訂立合同的意思表示，該意思表示應(yīng)當(dāng)符合下列規(guī)定：(一)內(nèi)容具體確定；(二)表明經(jīng)受要約人承諾，要約人即受該意思表示約束。Article 14 Anofferisanexpressionofanintenttoenterintoacontractwithanotherperson.Suchexpressionofintentshallcomplywiththefollowing:(1) itscontentsshallbespecificanddefinite;(2) itindicatesthattheoffer

14、orwillbeboundbytheexpressionofintentincaseofacceptancebytheofferee.第十五條【要約邀請(qǐng)】要約邀請(qǐng)是希望他人向自己發(fā)出要約的意思表示。寄送的價(jià)目表、拍賣公告、招標(biāo)公告、招股說(shuō)明書、商業(yè)廣告等為要約邀請(qǐng)。商業(yè)廣告的內(nèi)容符合要約規(guī)定的，視為要約。Article15Aninvitationforofferisanexpressionofanintenttoinviteotherpartiestomakeoffersthereto.Mailedpricelists,publicnoticesofauctionandtender,prosp

15、ectusesandcommercialadvertisements,etc.areinvitationsforoffer.Wherethecontentsofacommercialadvertisementmeettherequirementsforanoffer,itshallberegardedasanoffer.第十六條【要約的生效】要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)生效。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同，收件人指定特定系統(tǒng)接收數(shù)據(jù)電文的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入該特定系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間；未指定特定系統(tǒng)的，該數(shù)據(jù)電文進(jìn)入收件人的任何系統(tǒng)的首次時(shí)間，視為到達(dá)時(shí)間。Article 16 Anofferbecomese

16、ffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.Ifacontractisconcludedthroughdata-telex,andarecipientdesignatesaspecificsystemtoreceivethedate-telex,thetimewhenthedata-telexenterssuchspecificsystemshallbethetimeofarrival;ifnospecificsystemisappointed,thetimewhenthedata-telexfirstentersanyoftherecipient'ssystems

17、shallberegardedasthetimeofarrival.第十七條【要約的撤回】要約可以撤回。撤回要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約到達(dá)受要約人之前或者與要約同時(shí)到達(dá)受要約人。Article 17 Anoffermaybewithdrawn.Thewithdrawalnoticeshallreachtheoffereebeforeoratthesametimewhentheofferarrives.第十八條【要約的撤銷】要約可以撤銷。撤銷要約的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在受要約人發(fā)出承諾通知之前到達(dá)受要約人。Article 18 Anoffermayberevoked.Therevocationnoticeshal

18、lreachtheoffereebeforeithasdispatchedanoticeofacceptance.第十九條【要約不得撤銷的情形】有下列情形之一的，要約不得撤銷：(一)要約人確定了承諾期限或者以其他形式明示要約不可撤銷；(二)受要約人有理由認(rèn)為要約是不可撤銷的，并已經(jīng)為履行合同作了準(zhǔn)備工作。Article 19 Anoffermaynotberevoked,if(1) theofferorindicatesafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwiseexplicitlystatesthattheofferisirrevocable;or(2) theoff

19、ereehasreasonstorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandhasmadepreparationforperformingthecontact.第二十條【要約的失效】有下列情形之一的，要約失效：(一)拒絕要約的通知到達(dá)要約人；(二)要約人依法撤銷要約；(三)承諾期限屆滿，受要約人未作出承諾；(四)受要約人對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article 20 Anoffershallloseefficacyunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances:(1) thenoticeofrejectionreachestheofferor

20、;(2) theofferorrevokestheofferinaccordancewiththelaw;(3) theoffereefailstodispatchanacceptancebeforetheexpirationofthetimelimitforacceptance;(4) theoffereemakessubstantialchangestothecontentsoftheoffer.第二十一條【承諾的定義】承諾是受要約人同意要約的意思表示。Article 21 Anacceptanceistheexpressionofanintentiontobytheoffereetoas

21、senttotheoffer.第二十二條【承諾的方式】承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作出，但根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約表明可以通過(guò)行為作出承諾的除外。Article 22 Theacceptanceshallbemadeintheformofanotice,exceptwhereacceptancemaybemadebyanactonthebasisofcustomarybusinesspracticeorasexpressedintheoffer.第二十三條【承諾的期限】承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在要約確定的期限內(nèi)到達(dá)要約人。要約沒(méi)有確定承諾期限的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)依照下列規(guī)定到達(dá)：(一)要約以對(duì)話方式作出的，應(yīng)當(dāng)即時(shí)作出承諾，但當(dāng)

22、事人另有約定的除外；(二)要約以非對(duì)話方式作出的，承諾應(yīng)當(dāng)在合理期限內(nèi)到達(dá)。Article 23 Anacceptanceshallreachtheofferorwithinthetimelimitprescribedintheoffer.Wherenotimelimitisprescribedintheoffer,theacceptanceshallreachtheofferorinaccordancewiththefollowingprovisions:(1) iftheofferismadeindialogues,theacceptanceshallbemadeimmediatelyun

23、lessotherwiseagreeduponbytheparties;(2) Iftheofferismadeinformsotherthanadialogue,theacceptanceshallreachtheofferorwithinareasonableperiodoftime.第二十四條【承諾期限的起點(diǎn)】要約以信件或者電報(bào)作出的，承諾期限自信件載明的日期或者電報(bào)交發(fā)之日開(kāi)始計(jì)算。信件未載明日期的，自投寄該信件的郵戳日期開(kāi)始計(jì)算。要約以電話、傳真等快速通訊方式作出的，承諾期限自要約到達(dá)受要約人時(shí)開(kāi)始計(jì)算。Article24Whereanofferismadebyletterortel

24、egram,thetimelimitforacceptanceshallaccruefromthedateshownintheletterorfromthedateonwhichthetelegramishandedinfordispatch.Ifnosuchdateisshownintheletter,itshallaccruefromthepostmarkdateontheenvelope.Whereanofferismadebymeansofinstantaneouscommunication,suchastelephoneorfacsimile,etc.thetimelimitfora

25、cceptanceshallaccruefromthemomentthattheofferreachestheofferee.第二十五條【合同成立時(shí)間】承諾生效時(shí)合同成立。Article 25 Acontractisestablishedwhentheacceptancebecomeseffective.第二十六條【承諾的生效】承諾通知到達(dá)要約人時(shí)生效。承諾不需要通知的，根據(jù)交易習(xí)慣或者要約的要求作出承諾的行為時(shí)生效。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，承諾到達(dá)的時(shí)間適用本法第十六條第二款的規(guī)定。Article 26 Anacceptancebecomeseffectivewhenitsnoticer

26、eachestheofferor.Ifnoticeofacceptanceisnotrequired,theacceptanceshallbecomeeffectivewhenanactofacceptanceisperformedinaccordancewithtransactionpracticesorasrequiredintheoffer.Whereacontractisconcludedintheformofdate-telex,thetimeofarrivalofanacceptanceshallbegovernedbytheprovisionsofParagraph2,Artic

27、le16ofthisLaw.第二十七條【承諾的撤回】承諾可以撤回。撤回承諾的通知應(yīng)當(dāng)在承諾通知到達(dá)要約人之前或者與承諾通知同時(shí)到達(dá)要約人。Article 27 Anacceptancemaybewithdrawn,butanoticeofwithdrawalshallreachtheofferorbeforeoratthesametimewhenthenoticeofacceptancereachestheofferor.第二十八條【新要約】受要約人超過(guò)承諾期限發(fā)出承諾的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人該承諾有效的以外，為新要約。Article 28 Whereanoffereemakesanacc

28、eptancebeyondthetimelimitforacceptance,theacceptanceshallbeanewofferexceptthattheofferorpromptlyinformstheoffereeoftheeffectivenessofthesaidacceptance.第二十九條【遲到的承諾】受要約人在承諾期限內(nèi)發(fā)出承諾，按照通常情形能夠及時(shí)到達(dá)要約人，但因其他原因承諾到達(dá)要約人時(shí)超過(guò)承諾期限的，除要約人及時(shí)通知受要約人因承諾超過(guò)期限不接受該承諾的以外，該承諾有效。Article29Iftheoffereedispatchedtheacceptancewithi

29、nthetimelimitspecifiedforacceptance,andundernormalcircumstancestheacceptancewouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime,butduetootherreasonstheacceptancereachestheofferorafterthetimelimitforacceptancehasexpired,suchacceptanceshallbeeffective,unlesstheofferornotifiestheoffereeinatimelymannerthatitdoesnotacce

30、pttheacceptanceduetothefailureoftheacceptancetoarrivewithinthetimelimit.第三十條【承諾的變更】承諾的內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)與要約的內(nèi)容一致。受要約人對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，為新要約。有關(guān)合同標(biāo)的、數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、價(jià)款或者報(bào)酬、履行期限、履行地點(diǎn)和方式、違約責(zé)任和解決爭(zhēng)議方法等的變更，是對(duì)要約內(nèi)容的實(shí)質(zhì)性變更。Article30Thecontentsofanacceptanceshallcomplywiththoseoftheoffer.Iftheoffereesubstantiallymodifiesthecontentsoftheo

31、ffer,itshallconstituteanewoffer.Themodificationrelatingtothesubjectmatter,quality,quantity,priceorremuneration,timeorplaceormethodofperformance,liabilitiesforbreachofcontractandmethodofdisputeresolution,etc.shallconstitutethesubstantialmodificationofanoffer.第三十一條【承諾的內(nèi)容】承諾對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出非實(shí)質(zhì)性變更的，除要約人及時(shí)表示反對(duì)或者

32、要約表明承諾不得對(duì)要約的內(nèi)容作出任何變更的以外，該承諾有效，合同的內(nèi)容以承諾的內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。Article31Iftheacceptancedoesnotsubstantiallymodifiesthecontentsoftheoffer,itshallbeeffective,andthecontentsofthecontractshallbesubjecttothoseoftheacceptance,exceptasrejectedpromptlybytheofferororindicatedintheofferthatanacceptancemaynotmodifytheofferatall.

33、第三十二條【合同成立時(shí)間】當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，自雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章時(shí)合同成立。Article32Wherethepartiesconcludeacontractinwrittenform,thecontractisestablishedwhenitissignedorsealedbytheparties.第三十三條【確認(rèn)書與合同成立】當(dāng)事人采用信件、數(shù)據(jù)電文等形式訂立合同的，可以在合同成立之前要求簽訂確認(rèn)書。簽訂確認(rèn)書時(shí)合同成立。Article33Wherethepartiesconcludethecontractintheformoflettersordata-telex,e

34、tc.,onepartymayrequesttosignaletterofconfirmationbeforetheconclusionofthecontract.Thecontractshallbeestablishedatthetimewhentheletterofconfirmationissigned.第三十四條【合同成立地點(diǎn)】承諾生效的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。采用數(shù)據(jù)電文形式訂立合同的，收件人的主營(yíng)業(yè)地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)；沒(méi)有主營(yíng)業(yè)地的，其經(jīng)常居住地為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。當(dāng)事人另有約定的，按照其約定。Article34Theplaceofeffectivenessofanacceptance

35、shallbetheplaceoftheestablishmentofthecontract.Ifthecontractisconcludedintheformofdata-telex,themainbusinessplaceoftherecipientshallbetheplaceofestablishment.Iftherecipientdoesnothaveamainbusinessplace,itshabitualresidenceshallbeconsideredtobetheplaceofestablishment.Wherethepartiesagreeotherwise,suc

36、hagreementshallapply.第三十五條【書面合同成立地點(diǎn)】當(dāng)事人采用合同書形式訂立合同的，雙方當(dāng)事人簽字或者蓋章的地點(diǎn)為合同成立的地點(diǎn)。Article35Wherethepartiesconcludeacontractinwrittenform,theplacewherebothpartiessignoraffixtheirsealsonthecontractshallbetheplaceofestablishment.第三十六條【書面合同與合同成立】法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定或者當(dāng)事人約定采用書面形式訂立合同，當(dāng)事人未采用書面形式但一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對(duì)方接受的，該合同成立。Arti

37、cle36Whereacontractistobeconcludedinwrittenformasrequiredbyrelevantlawsandadministrativeregulationsorasagreedbytheparties,andthepartiesfailedtoconcludethecontractinwrittenform,butonepartyhasperformedtheprincipalobligationandtheotherpartyhasacceptedit,thecontractisestablished.第三十七條【合同書與合同成立】采用合同書形式訂立

38、合同，在簽字或者蓋章之前，當(dāng)事人一方已經(jīng)履行主要義務(wù)，對(duì)方接受的，該合同成立。Article37Whereacontractistobeconcludedinwrittenform,ifonepartyhasperformeditsprincipalobligationandtheotherpartyhasaccepteditbeforesigningorsealingofthecontract,thecontractisestablished.第三十八條【依國(guó)家計(jì)劃訂立合同】國(guó)家根據(jù)需要下達(dá)指令性任務(wù)或者國(guó)家訂貨任務(wù)的，有關(guān)法人、其他組織之間應(yīng)當(dāng)依照有關(guān)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定的權(quán)利和義務(wù)訂立合同

39、。Article38WheretheStatehasissuedamandatoryplanoraStatepurchasingorderbasedonnecessity,therelevantlegalpersonsandtheotherorganizationsshallconcludeacontractbetweentheminaccordancewiththerightsandobligationsasstipulatedbytherelevantlawsandadministrativeregulations.第三十九條【格式合同條款定義及使用人義務(wù)】采用格式條款訂立合同的，提供格式

40、條款的一方應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循公平原則確定當(dāng)事人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，并采取合理的方式提請(qǐng)對(duì)方注意免除或者限制其責(zé)任的條款，按照對(duì)方的要求，對(duì)該條款予以說(shuō)明。格式條款是當(dāng)事人為了重復(fù)使用而預(yù)先擬定，并在訂立合同時(shí)未與對(duì)方協(xié)商的條款。Article39Wherestandardtermsareadoptedinconcludingacontract,thepartysupplyingthestandardtermsshalldefinetherightsandobligationsbetweenthepartiesabidingbytheprincipleoffairness,andshallinformthe

41、otherpartytonotetheexclusionorrestrictionofitsliabilitiesinareasonableway,andshallexplainthestandardtermsuponrequestbytheotherparty.Standardtermsareclausesthatarepreparedinadvanceforgeneralandrepeatedusebyoneparty,andwhicharenotnegotiatedwiththeotherpartywhenthecontractisconcluded.第四十條【格式合同條款的無(wú)效】格式條

42、款具有本法第五十二條和第五十三條規(guī)定情形的，或者提供格式條款一方免除其責(zé)任、加重對(duì)方責(zé)任、排除對(duì)方主要權(quán)利的，該條款無(wú)效。Article40WhenstandardtermsareunderthecircumstancesstipulatedinArticles52and53ofthisLaw,orthepartywhichsuppliesthestandardtermsexemptsitselffromitsliabilities,increasestheliabilitiesoftheotherparty,anddeprivesthematerialrightsoftheotherpart

43、y,thetermsshallbeinvalid.第四十一條【格式合同的解釋】對(duì)格式條款的理解發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照通常理解予以解釋。對(duì)格式條款有兩種以上解釋的，應(yīng)當(dāng)作出不利于提供格式條款一方的解釋。格式條款和非格式條款不一致的，應(yīng)當(dāng)采用非格式條款。Article41Ifadisputeovertheunderstandingofthestandardtermsoccurs,itshallbeinterpretedinaccordancewithcommonunderstanding.Wheretherearetwoormorekindsofinterpretation,aninterpreta

44、tionunfavorabletothepartysupplyingthestandardtermsshallprevail.Wherethestandardtermsareinconsistentwithnon-standardterms,thelattershallprevail.第四十二條【締約過(guò)失】當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過(guò)程中有下列情形之一，給對(duì)方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任：（一）假借訂立合同，惡意進(jìn)行磋商；（二）故意隱瞞與訂立合同有關(guān)的重要事實(shí)或者提供虛假情況；（三）有其他違背誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則的行為。Article42Thepartyshallbeliablefordamageifiti

45、sunderoneofthefollowingcircumstancesinconcludingacontractandthuscausinglossestotheotherparty:pretendingtoconcludeacontract,andnegotiatinginbadfaith;（2） deliberatelyconcealingimportantfactsrelatingtotheconclusionofthecontractorprovidingfalseinformation;（3） performingotheractswhichviolatetheprincipleo

46、fgoodfaith.第四十三條【保密義務(wù)】當(dāng)事人在訂立合同過(guò)程中知悉的商業(yè)秘密，無(wú)論合同是否成立，不得泄露或者不正當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?。泄露或者不正?dāng)?shù)厥褂迷撋虡I(yè)秘密給對(duì)方造成損失的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)損害賠償責(zé)任。Article43Atradesecretthepartieslearninconcludingacontractshallnotbedisclosedorimproperlyused,nomatterthecontractisestablishedornot.Ifthepartydisclosesorimproperlyusessuchtradesecretandthuscausinglosstot

47、heotherparty,itshallbeliablefordamages.第三章合同的效力Chapter3ValidityofContracts第四十四條【合同的生效】依法成立的合同，自成立時(shí)生效。法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理批準(zhǔn)、登記等手續(xù)生效的，依照其規(guī)定。Article44Thecontractestablishedaccordingtolawbecomeseffectiveuponitsestablishment.Withregardtocontractsthataresubjecttoapprovalorregistrationasstipulatedbyrelevantlawso

48、radministrativeregulations,theprovisionsthereofshallbefollowed.第四十五條【附條件的合同】當(dāng)事人對(duì)合同的效力可以約定附條件。附生效條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)生效。附解除條件的合同，自條件成就時(shí)失效。當(dāng)事人為自己的利益不正當(dāng)?shù)刈柚箺l件成就的，視為條件已成就；不正當(dāng)?shù)卮俪蓷l件成就的，視為條件不成就。Article45Thepartiesmayagreeonthattheeffectivenessofacontractbesubjecttocertainconditions.Acontractwhoseeffectivenessissubj

49、ecttocertainconditionsshallbecomeeffectivewhensuchconditionsareaccomplished.Thecontractwithdissolvingconditionsshallbecomeinvalidwhensuchconditionsaresatisfied.Ifapartyimproperlypreventthesatisfactionofaconditionforitsowninterests,theconditionshallberegardedashavingbeenaccomplished.Ifapartyimproperl

50、yfacilitatesthesatisfactionofacondition,suchconditionshallberegardedasnottohavebeensatisfied.第四十六條【附期限的合同】當(dāng)事人對(duì)合同的效力可以約定附期限。附生效期限的合同，自期限屆至?xí)r生效。附終止期限的合同，自期限屆滿時(shí)失效。Article46Thepartiesmayagreeonaconditionaltimeperiodastotheeffectivenessofthecontract.Acontractsubjecttoaneffectivetimeperiodshallcomeintoforc

51、ewhentheperiodexpires.Acontractwithterminationtimeperiodshallbecomeinvalidwhentheperiodexpires.第四十七條【限制行為能力人訂立的合同】限制民事行為能力人訂立的合同，經(jīng)法定代理人追認(rèn)后，該合同有效，但純獲利益的合同或者與其年齡、智力、精神健康狀況相適應(yīng)而訂立的合同，不必經(jīng)法定代理人追認(rèn)。相對(duì)人可以催告法定代理人在一個(gè)月內(nèi)予以追認(rèn)。法定代理人未作表示的，視為拒絕追認(rèn)。合同被追認(rèn)之前，善意相對(duì)人有撤銷的權(quán)利。撤銷應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作出。Article47Acontractconcludedbyapersonw

52、ithlimitedcivilcapacityofconductshallbeeffectiveafterbeingratifiedafterwardsbytheperson'sstatutoryagent,butapureprofit-makingcontractoracontractconcludedwhichisappropriatetotheperson'sage,intelligenceormentalhealthconditionsneednotberatifiedbytheperson'sstatutoryagent.Thecounterpartmayur

53、gethestatutoryagenttoratifythecontractwithinonemonth.Itshallberegardedasarefusalofratificationthatthestatutoryagentdoesnotmakeanyexpression.Abonafidecounterparthastherighttowithdrawitbeforethecontractisratified.Thewithdrawalshallbemadebymeansofnotice.第四十八條【無(wú)權(quán)代理人訂立的合同】行為人沒(méi)有代理權(quán)、超越代理權(quán)或者代理權(quán)終止后以被代理人名義訂立的

54、合同，未經(jīng)被代理人追認(rèn)，對(duì)被代理人不發(fā)生效力，由行為人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。相對(duì)人可以催告被代理人在一個(gè)月內(nèi)予以追認(rèn)。被代理人未作表示的，視為拒絕追認(rèn)。合同被追認(rèn)之前，善意相對(duì)人有撤銷的權(quán)利。撤銷應(yīng)當(dāng)以通知的方式作出。Article48Acontractconcludedbyanactorwhoasnopowerofagency,whooverstepsthepowerofagency,orwhosepowerofagencyhasexpiredandyetconcludesitonbehalfoftheprincipal,shallhavenolegallybindingforceontheprinci

55、palwithoutratificationbytheprincipal,andtheactorshallbeheldliable.Thecounterpartmayurgetheprincipaltoratifyitwithinonemonth.Itshallberegardedasarefusalofratificationthattheprincipaldoesnotmakeanyexpression.Abonafidecounterparthastherighttowithdrawitbeforethecontractisratified.Thewithdrawalshallbemad

56、ebymeansofnotice.第四十九條【表見(jiàn)代理】行為人沒(méi)有代理權(quán)、超越代理權(quán)或者代理權(quán)終止后以被代理人名義訂立合同，相對(duì)人有理由相信行為人有代理權(quán)的，該代理行為有效。Article49Ifanactorhasnopowerofagency,overstepsthepowerofagency,orthepowerofagencyhasexpiredandyetconcludesacontractintheprincipal'sname,andthecounterparthasreasonstotrustthattheactorhasthepowerofagency,theacto

57、fagencyshallbeeffective.第五十條【法定代表人越權(quán)行為】法人或者其他組織的法定代表人、負(fù)責(zé)人超越權(quán)限訂立的合同，除相對(duì)人知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道其超越權(quán)限的以外，該代表行為有效。Article50Whereastatutoryrepresentativeoraresponsiblepersonofalegalpersonorotherorganizationoverstepshis/herpowerandconcludesacontract,therepresentativeactshallbeeffectiveexceptthatthecounterpartknowsoroug

58、httoknowthathe/sheisoversteppinghis/herpowers.第五十一條【無(wú)處分權(quán)人訂立的合同】無(wú)處分權(quán)的人處分他人財(cái)產(chǎn)，經(jīng)權(quán)利人追認(rèn)或者無(wú)處分權(quán)的人訂立合同后取得處分權(quán)的，該合同有效。Article51Whereapersonhavingnorighttodisposalofpropertydisposesofotherpersons'properties,andtheprincipalratifiestheactafterwardsorthepersonwithoutpowerofdisposalhasobtainedthepowerafterconcludingacontract,thecontractshallbevalid.第五十二條【合同無(wú)效的法定情形】有下列情形之一的，合同無(wú)效：(一)一方以欺詐、脅迫的手段訂立合同，損害國(guó)家利益；(二)惡意串通，損害國(guó)家、集體或者第三人利益；(三)以合法形式掩蓋非法目