高中英語非謂語動詞的三種形式及基本用法課件牛津版

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的概述的概述 時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)Step3Step3：不定式的用法不定式的用法小結(jié)小結(jié)練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)鞏固Step Step 2 2 不定式的不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動詞（非限定動詞）非謂語動詞（非限定動詞）二二.非限定動詞具有動詞的特征非限定動詞具有動詞的特征.可以有自可以有自己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、另外還有一些非動詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分作的句子成分。一一.非限定動詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂非限定動詞在句中不

2、能單獨(dú)作謂 語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制語動詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的的三種形式三種形式非謂語動詞分詞分詞不定式不定式-ing 形式形式分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類，具有形容詞和副詞兩類，具有形容詞和副詞的語法功能，在句子中詞的語法功能，在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀可以充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語語和賓語補(bǔ)足語動名詞動名詞.動名詞在書寫形式上同現(xiàn)在分詞相同，但語法概念動名詞在書寫形式上同現(xiàn)在分詞相同，但語法概念和語法功能各異。動名詞具有名詞的語法作用，在句子和語法功能各異。動名詞具有名詞的語法作用，在句子中主要充當(dāng)主語和賓語。中主要充當(dāng)

3、主語和賓語。 to do （基本形）（基本形） not to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been doneStep 1Step 1 不定式的形式不定式的形式Step 2Step 2(1)(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與謂語的不定式的一般形式所表示的動作，通常與謂語的動作（狀態(tài)）動作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生. .Eg. They invited us to go there this summer.(2)(2)如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示如果謂語表示的動作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動作的動作正在進(jìn)行正

4、在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。進(jìn)行式。 Eg. They seemed to be talking about something secret.(3)(3)如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞如果不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前之前，就要用，就要用完完成式。成式。Eg. Im sorry to have done that .不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)Im very delighted to be invited to Marys birthday party.Im pleased to have been given this chance.如果不定式的邏輯主語是如果

5、不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式要用受者，不定式要用被動形被動形式式.Step 3 Step 3 不定式的用法不定式的用法(1) 作主語eg. 1) It is right to give up smoking. 2 )I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it.不定式短語作主語時(shí)，用不定式短語作主語時(shí)，用it 作形式主語作形式主語，真正的主語后置。，真正的主語后置。(2) 作賓語 不定式短語

6、可以作賓語不定式短語可以作賓語，以以上上動詞后，跟不定式作賓語動詞后，跟不定式作賓語eg. We have decided to give them a hand. agree, decide, expect, fail ,help, hope,manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish( (構(gòu)成構(gòu)成V.+ to doV.+ to do的形式的形式)I find it interesting to work with him.如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語

7、補(bǔ)足語之后，而用補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it 作形式賓語。類似的動詞還有作形式賓語。類似的動詞還有 ( ) 等等 (構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 主語主語+V.+ it +賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)+ to do sth. 的形式的形式)feel, think, consider, make, believe 動名詞動名詞 作賓語時(shí)作賓語時(shí),在意義上比較在意義上比較一般和抽象一般和抽象,時(shí)時(shí) 間觀念不強(qiáng)間觀念不強(qiáng),不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作不指某一次動作。動詞不定式作 賓語常表示賓語常表示某個(gè)具體動作。某個(gè)具體動作。He likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today.只能跟只能跟 to

8、 do的動詞的動詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend與動名詞做賓語比較與動名詞做賓語比較只能跟動名詞的動詞只能跟動名詞的動詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insist on、give up二者皆可無區(qū)別二者皆可無區(qū)別begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget 、try、regret、meaneg. 1Lets ha

9、ve a break. Not now. I dont want to stop _ yet. A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying2. The little time we have together we try _ wisely. A. spending it B. to spend it C. to spend D. spending that3. Little Tom should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to takeC. being ta

10、ken D. taken(3) (3) 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語eg. What the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work.在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但。但 是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。Eg. I often hear him sing the song. He is oft

11、en heard to sing the song. 注意 allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish( (構(gòu)成構(gòu)成“V.+ Sb.+ to do”“V.+ Sb.+ to do”的形式的形式)不定式動詞在介詞不定式動詞在介詞but, except, besides 后面時(shí)，如果這些介后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞詞之前有行為動詞do 的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定的各種形式，那么

12、，這些介詞后的不定式不帶式不帶to, 否則要帶否則要帶to。Eg.1) She could do nothing but cry.2) I have no choice but to go.注意 (4)作表語 Eg.It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either tofeed their family or to sell. (5)作定語 Eg.I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole.作

13、定語的不定式如果是作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的應(yīng)的介詞介詞。Eg. He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with.注意 （6）作狀語作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonig

14、ht.目的狀語目的狀語.原因狀語原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語動詞不定式省略動詞不定式省略to 的情況歸納的情況歸納*1 當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如動詞是當(dāng)動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如動詞是 make, let , have 或或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不帶、等，不定式不帶to.*2. 在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不（不得不 ，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）, cant help but

15、等等*3. why not 表建議表建議*4. 在介詞在介詞 but , except 之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動詞之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動詞do 的某種形式，不定式不帶的某種形式，不定式不帶to, 反之須帶反之須帶to . 1. There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy. A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing2. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to i

16、nvent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 4. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good_. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being

17、breathed 6. -Did the book give the information you needed? -Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 7. 8. If there is a lot of work _, I am happy to just to keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般時(shí)to do to

18、 be done進(jìn)行時(shí)to be doing無完成時(shí) to have done to have been done 小小 結(jié)結(jié)1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C. having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c

19、 leaned3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak練習(xí)練習(xí)4. Mary is always the first student4. Mary is always the first student to answer the to answer the teachers questions in class.teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise A. rising B. to rise C.

20、 rose D. risenC. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg 5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day? - - _ _enough protein and nutrition as you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be A. Get B.

21、 Getting C. To get D. To be gettinggetting6.Would you be so kind6.Would you be so kind us out? -With pleasure.us out? -With pleasure.A. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to helpA. helping B. in helping C. help D. as to help7. Wet umbrellas are not allowedWet umbrellas are not allowed into this hot

22、el into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.8. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying C to be studying D to have been studying9. In Australia he made a lot of friends9. In Australia he made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practical kn