高考英語語法基礎(chǔ)考前快速復(fù)習(xí)-情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

1、2012高考英語考前10天語法過一遍八、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞I情態(tài)動詞基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式簡答式can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）cannot/cannot/can'tdoCando？Yes,can.No,can't.couldcouldn'tdomay可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）maynotdoMaydo？Yes,may.No,mustn't/can'tmightmightnotdoMightdo？Yes,mightNo,mightnot.mu

2、st必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）mustnot/mustn'dobustdo?to.Yes,must.No,needn't/don'thavehaveto只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)和人稱的變化）don'thavetodoDohavetodo？Yes,do.No,don't.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用should）oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodoOughttodo？Yes,ought.No,oughtn't.shall用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅

3、等shallnot/shan'tdShalldo？Yes,shall.No,shan't.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）本該（含有責(zé)備意味）shouldnot/shouldn'tdoShoulddo？will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉willnot/won'tdotWill/Woulddo？Yes,will.No,won't.wouldwouldnot/wouldn'dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）darenot/daren'tdDaredo？Yes,dare.No,daren't.need需

4、要，必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）neednot/needn'doheeddo？Yes,must.No,needn't.usedto過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）usednot/usedn't/usenUsedtodo？'Dtdusetodo？Yes,used.No,use(d)n't.tododidn'tusetodoYes,did.No,didn't.II情態(tài)動詞的重點(diǎn)知識表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/couldAcomputerthinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can

5、'tB.mustn'tC.maynotD.mightnot表示許可時用may/might,can/could者E可以，但在問句中用could或might？以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一疋，必須，mustn表示禁止，不許可）。 一CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,youA.willB.couldC.mayD.might Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won't/can'tB.mustn't/mayC.shouldn&

6、#39;t/mustD.can't/shddn't在冃疋句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特疋場合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto表示"推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在冃疋句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣取冃疋,may表示的是事頭上的可能性。Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC

7、.canD.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can'時用以代替mustn'，吾氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michaelbeapoliceman,forhe'smuchtooshortA.needn'tB.can'tC.shouldD.may在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeve

8、rybusynow?needneed作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。daredare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑-問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon'tknowwhetherhedaresay.注意:Hedoesntdare(to)answerthequestion.(否疋句)Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?(疑問句)shall用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。Whatshallwedothisevening?用于

9、第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。Youshallfailifyoudon'twc警告harder.Heshallhavethebookwhen1finishreading.允諾Heshallbepunished.威脅should勸告、建議廠命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.will/would請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Wouldyoupassmethebook?表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneverdot

10、hatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagainwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。DuringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweekThewoundwouldnotheal.(傷口老是不能愈合)would表示估計或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法could+havedone:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.ca

11、nnot+havedo-ne：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。Hecannothavebeentothattown.can+主語+havedone:表示對過去仃為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。Canhehavegotthebook?might(may)+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。Hemaynothavefinishedthework.Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.must+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannothavedone。Youmusthaveseenthef

12、ilm.Youcannothaveseenthefilm.needn't+iavedone:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。Youneedn'thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.注意：didntneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做Ididn'tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。Youshouldhavestartedearlier

13、,butyoudidn't.Sheshouldn'thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIworkedtouseit.注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推測)虛擬語氣類別用法例句If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動詞：過去式(be用were)主句動詞：should/would/could/might+doIfhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過去事實(shí)相反從句動詞：had+done主句動詞：should/would/could/might+have+doneIfIhadbeenfree,lw

14、ouldhavevisitedyou.與將來事實(shí)相反從句動詞：過去式/should+動詞原形/were+todor主句動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.省略if的虛擬條件句將虛擬條件從句中的were，had,should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝 Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup. WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit. HadIbeenfree,lwouldhavevisitedyou.混合虛擬條件句不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則 Ifheh

15、adlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow. Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow. IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.n虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則 Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn'tcarefulenough. Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.含蓄虛擬條件句butfo葉名詞表示虛擬條件句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查-B

16、utforyourtimelywarning,weintogreattrouble.-Youknowwe'refriends.A.wouldgetB.musthavegotC.wouldhavegotD.can'havegotwithout+名詞表示虛擬條件考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.動詞不定式表示虛擬條件Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示

17、虛擬條件Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我當(dāng)時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件Hefatterbutheeatstoolittle.A.wouldbecomeB.would

18、havebecomeC.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome其它狀語從句asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。注意：asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時：Itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來像是在下雨。Hetalksasifheisdrunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas. 與過去事實(shí)相反HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeerntherebefore. 與將來事實(shí)相反Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語從