現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)講解與習(xí)題

1、八下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講與練一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞 have(has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。has用于第三人稱單數(shù),have用于其他各種人稱.二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念和用法（其用法主要有三種）I.“已完成”用法:表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。這一類情況可以細(xì)致分為下述兩種情況。1）表示開始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。常和just，now，already，yet，notyet等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了）Ive finished my hom

2、ework now.現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。（說(shuō)明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了）2）表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。I have lost my pen.我把筆丟了。（說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒(méi)找到這支筆）She has become a teacher.她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了老師。（說(shuō)明她現(xiàn)在仍是老師）II.“未完成”用法。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能剛剛結(jié)束。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the las

3、t two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在這兒三十年了。（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）Theyve known each other since childhood.他們從小彼此相識(shí)。（現(xiàn)在還在往來(lái)）How long have you studied English？你學(xué)英語(yǔ)多久了？（現(xiàn)在仍在學(xué)）III.經(jīng)驗(yàn)性用法:表示從過(guò)去開始到目前

4、為止這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞如often,always,every week,twice等連用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)頤和園兩次。He has always said so.他總是這么說(shuō).三.句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ) + have/has + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 + 其他。(主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has，其他人稱用have)。 如：I have done my homework since 6:00. They have found the lost boy. She has gone to Beijing

5、since she was 16 years old.否定句：主語(yǔ) + have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 + 其他。 如： They have worked for 20 hours.They havent worded for 20 hours. He has had his breakfast.He hasnt had his breakfast. 一般疑問(wèn)句： Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 + 其他？如：She has been to Beijing.Has she been to Beijing? -Yes,she has./No,she hasnt.Th

6、ey have already learned three English songs.Have they learned three English songs yet? -Yes,they have./No,they havent. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句？ 如: How many words has he learned yet? How long hawe you lived here?四.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在

7、強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?-I have never been to the Grea

8、t Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c. 用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前見過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。d. (此項(xiàng)可刪除)用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him

9、today?-No,I havent.今天你見過(guò)他嗎？我沒(méi)有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？II. A)短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，必須將動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，如：1） fall asleep (ill) be asleep (i

10、ll)2） get to know know 3） begin,(start) be on 4） open be open 5） buy have 6） get up be up 7） die be dead8） go out be out 9） come be in10） closebe closed 11） arrivebe here 12） joinbe in, be a +名詞 13） finish( end )be over 14） leave, move be away, 15） borrow keep 16） go to schoolbe a student 17） catch(

11、a cold) have(a cold)18） begin to studystudy 19） come backbe back 20） put onwear 或be in如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。The film has been on for 5 minutes.電影已開始五分鐘了。We have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。B)不可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，

12、已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自從1997年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開過(guò)這兒。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month.五.have been(to)、have been （in）與have gone( to)辨析：1. have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱，可與once , never, several times等表頻度的詞

13、或短語(yǔ)連用。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。2. have gone(to)表示“去某地了（未回，說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱。如：He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。3. have been（in）表示”已經(jīng)在某地”（表示持續(xù)時(shí)間），可用于各種人稱。如：My grandparents has been in Zhengzhou for 50 years.六與一般過(guò)去的區(qū)別1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同I met him two years ago. I have never met him before.2. 與現(xiàn)

14、在又無(wú)關(guān)系I bought a Nokia cell phone.（手機(jī)現(xiàn)在不一定還在） I have bought an M9 cell phone.(手機(jī)現(xiàn)在還在)七過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞同過(guò)去式。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要記憶。 AAA型1) costcostcost 2) cutcutcut 3) hithithit4) hurthurthurt 5) letletlet 6) putputput7) readreadread 8) setsetset 9) shutshutshut AAB型1) beatbeatbeaten ABA型1) becomebecamebecome 2) c

15、omecamecome 3) runranrun ABB型1) bringbroughtbrought 2) buyboughtbought 3) thinkthoughtthought 4) catchcaughtcaught 5) teachtaughttaught 6) buildbuiltbuilt 7) lendlentlent 8) sendsentsent 9) spendspentspent 10) loselostlost 11) smellsmeltsmelt 12) burnburntburnt 13) feelfeltfelt 14) learnlearntlearnt

16、 15) hearheardheard16) meanmeantmeant 17) keepkeptkept 18) sleepsleptslept 19) sweepsweptswept 20) telltoldtold 21) standstoodstood 22) understandunderstoodunderstood 23) saysaidsaid 24) paypaidpaid 25) meetmetmet 26) leaveleftleft 27) holdheldheld 28) digdugdug 29) findfoundfound 30) getgotgot31) h

17、anghunghung 32) havehadhad33) makemademade 34) shineshoneshone 35) sitsatsat 36) winwonwon ABC型1) blowblewblown 2) drawdrewdrawn 3) flyflewflown 4) growgrewgrown 5) throwthrewthrown 6) knowknewknown 7) choosechosechosen 8) eatateeaten 9) fallfellfallen 10) rideroderidden 11) riseroserisen 12) hidehi

18、dhidden 13) seesawseen 14) shakeshookshaken 15) taketooktaken 16) mistakemistookmistaken 17) wakewokewaken 18) writewrotewritten 19) bewas/werebeen 20) dodiddone 21) breakbrokebroken 22) forgetforgotforgotten 23) givegavegiven 24) freezefrozefrozen 25) beginbeganbegun 26) ringrangrung 27) drinkdrank

19、drunk 28) gowentgone 29) lielaylain 30) singsangsung 31) swimswamswum 32) wearworeworn 33) showshowedshown 34) sinksanksunk 練習(xí)（一）A用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We _already_(clean) the classroom .2. Have you_(get) a bike? Yes, I_.3. Have you_(write) a letter to Tom? N o, I_.4. She_ _(not see) the film before. 5. Li

20、 Lei_just_(eat)fish and chips.6. I_ _(not do) my homework yet.7. Tom and Jim_ _(be) to the Great Wall before.8. My mother_ _(buy) a new car for a week.9. A: Has she been to Beijing? B: Yes, she _. A: When _she _(go) there? B: Last month.10. _you_(finish)your work? No, not yet.B.用for 和since填空1. We ha

21、ve learned five hundred words _ the beginning of this term.2. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _a week.3. I have stayed at my aunts _last week.4. He has lived in Nanjing _twenty years.5. Iv known him _I was a child.6. Our teacher has studied Japanese _three years.7. She has been away from the city _abo

22、ut two years.8. Its about ten years _she left the city.C選擇填空。1 .Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to2. -_ you _ to the capital? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was

23、 going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 3. -_ you _ England? -Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will , gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. had ,been to, is D. Have ,gone to, is 4.Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees

24、5. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 7. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already8. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 19

25、98. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to練習(xí)（二）一.用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him

26、_ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二.單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ be

27、en to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has ch

28、anged ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a

29、very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; fin

30、ished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two m

31、onths . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has bee

32、n17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, go

33、t C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away21.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in

34、2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become23.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left24.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over25.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught26.Ben _ a te

35、acher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became27. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in

36、this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”四.用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass)

37、since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?

38、11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.五、劃線提問(wèn)1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ h

39、e _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1 定義:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。2 構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成3 基本句型：肯定式 I/We have been working.疑問(wèn)式 Have you been working？ 簡(jiǎn)略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑問(wèn)式 Has he/she/it been working？ 簡(jiǎn)略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1） 在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，但我還沒(méi)讀完。Ive read this book.我已讀完這本書了。2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一貫是這樣工作的。3）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示