過去分詞作后置定語教案資料

1、過去分詞作后置定語1. 過去分詞作定語的含義過去分詞作定語的含義a. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義義a broken cupa wounded soldiera cup which is broken a soldier who was woundeda grown womana retired officera woman who has growna officer who has retiredb. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有主動(dòng)和完不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。成意義。B: Yes. And we had canned fi

2、sh, smoked sausages, cakes made by our teacher and fresh apples picked from the orchard. We also played a lot of games there.B: Indeed, to our delight, we helped a lost boy to find his mother.單個(gè)單個(gè)的過去分詞作定的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞的名詞或代詞前面前面；過去分詞過去分詞短語短語作定語作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞后面后面。單個(gè)過去

3、分詞單個(gè)過去分詞過去分詞短語過去分詞短語2. 過去分詞作定語位置過去分詞作定語位置已升起的太陽已升起的太陽有組織的旅行有組織的旅行 a risen sunan organized trip單個(gè)過去分詞和形容詞修飾單個(gè)過去分詞和形容詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等等不定代詞不定代詞時(shí)時(shí),也要放也要放在這些詞在這些詞后面后面。nothing reportedsomething importantsomething else過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者可以過去分詞作定語的作用相當(dāng)于定語從句，二者

4、可以轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換。 a letter written in pencil the book borrowed by Jack= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was borrowed by Jack3. 過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換過去分詞作定語和定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換4. 形容詞性化過去分詞作定形容詞性化過去分詞作定語語常見的有：常見的有：amazed, embarrassed, disappointed, excited, encouraged, bored, interested, tired, worried, surp

5、rised, satisfied, pleased, moved, frightened等。等。The _ children were opening their presents.A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitesexcited過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。去分詞表示被動(dòng)。an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演說鼓舞人心的演說受到鼓舞的觀眾受到鼓舞的觀眾the fall

6、ing leaves落葉（正往下落的）落葉（正往下落的）落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）落葉（已經(jīng)落到地面的）the fallen leaves2 2. . 時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，多表示“動(dòng)作動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行”或或“與謂語同時(shí)進(jìn)行與謂語同時(shí)進(jìn)行”或或“經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性”。過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作過去分詞作定語，則多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于位于動(dòng)詞先于位于動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作”或或“沒有一定的時(shí)間性沒有一定的時(shí)間性” Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree? He is a leader_ (respec

7、t) by the people.lyingrespected3.及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞過去分詞與與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可都可以表示以表示“被動(dòng)被動(dòng)”，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)，但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作作，而后者則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed 已經(jīng)發(fā)生，完成已經(jīng)發(fā)生，完成正在發(fā)生正在發(fā)生Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermark

8、ets has caused heated debate among citizens. (2011江蘇江蘇) A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared 解析：解析：compare的動(dòng)作是的動(dòng)作是survey發(fā)出的，發(fā)出的，現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語。高考解析高考解析The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be exp

9、ressed解析：本句意思是：表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力和這解析：本句意思是：表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力和這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)本身一樣重要。個(gè)觀點(diǎn)本身一樣重要。the ability to do sth.“做某事的能力做某事的能力”，固定短語，故此處，固定短語，故此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建福建) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded解析：句中的主語解析：句中的主語Tsinghua University與與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可選構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時(shí)間；再根據(jù)時(shí)間1