新人教版英語選修9Unit1Breakingrecords詞匯學(xué)習(xí)素材

1、Unit1BreakingrecordsTeachingResourcesSection3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit1Breakingrecordsapproximateadj.(abbr.approx)almostcorrectoraccurate,butnotcompletelyso:anapproximatenumber/total/costThecostgivenisonlyapproximate.Usethesefiguresasanapproximateguideinyourcalculationsconventionaladj.1. (oftendi

2、sapproving)tendingtofollowwhatisdoneorconsideredacceptablebysocietyingeneral;normalandordinary,andperhapsnotveryinteresting:conventionalbehaviour/moralityShe'sveryconventionalinherviews.2.usuallybeforenounfollowingwhatistraditionalorthewaysthhasbeendoneforalongtime:conventionalmethods/approaches

3、It'snotahotel,intheconventionalsense,butratherawholevillageturnedintoahotel.3.usuallybeforenoun(especiallyofweapons)notnuclear:conventionalforces/weaponsAconventionalwarwouldstillcauseunacceptabledevastation.aconventionalpowerstation(=usingoilorcoalasfuel,ratherthannuclearpower)laughternounUthea

4、ctorsoundoflaughing:toroarwithlaughtertears/gales/peals/shrieksoflaughtertoburst/dissolveintolaughterahousefulloflaughter(=withahappyatmosphere)Hegaveasnortofderisivelaughter.realitynoun(pl.-ies)1. Uthetruesituationandtheproblemsthatactuallyexistinlife,incontrasttohowyouwouldlikelifetobe:Sherefusest

5、ofacereality.You'reoutoftouchwithreality.Therealityisthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.Theyseemedtohavetheperfectmarriagebuttherealitywasverydifferent.2.Cathingthatisactuallyexperieneedorseen,incontrasttowhatpeoplemightimagine:theharshrealitiesoflifeThisdecisionreflectstherealitiesoft

6、hepoliticalsituation.Thepaperlessofficeisstillfarfrombeingareality.Willtimetraveleverbecomeareality?adjustmentnounC,U1. asmallchangemadetosthinordertocorrectorimproveit:I'vemadeafewadjustmentstothedesign.Someadjustmentofthelensmaybenecessary.2.achangeinthewayapersonbehavesorthinks:Shewentthrough

7、aperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhermarriagebrokeup.toughadj.(tougher,toughest)DIFFICULT1.havingorcausingproblemsordifficulties:atoughchildhoodItwasatoughdecisiontomake.She'sbeenhavingatoughtimeofit(=alotofproblems)lately.Hefacesthetoughesttestofhisleadershipsofar.Itcanbetoughtryingtojuggleacare

8、erandafamily.STRICT/FIRM2. (on/withsb/sth)demandingthatparticularrulesbeobeyedandshowingalackofsympathyforanyproblemsorsufferingthatthismaycause:Don'tbetootoughonhimhewasonlytryingtohelp.It'sabouttimeteachersstartedtogettoughwithbullies.Theschooltakesatoughlineon(=punishesseverely)cheating.L

9、ocaltradersarecallingfortougheractionagainstvandals.STRONG3. strongenoughtodealsuccessfullywithdifficultconditionsorsituations:atoughbreedofcattleHe'snottoughenoughforacareerinsales.She'satoughcookie/customer(=sbwhoknowswhattheywantandisnoteasilyinflueneedbyotherpeople).4. (ofaperson)physica

10、llystrongandlikelytobeviolent:Youthinkyou'resotough,don'tyou?Heplaysthetoughguyinthemovie.MEAT5. difficulttocutorchewNOTEASILYDAMAGED6. noteasilycut,broken,torn,etc.:atoughpairofshoesThereptile'sskinistoughandscaly.UNFORTUNATE7(onsb)(informal)unfortunateforsbinawaythatseemsunfair:Itwasto

11、ughonherbeingdroppedfromtheteamlikethat.(ironic)Ican'tgetitfinishedintime.'Tough!'(=Idon'tfeelsorryaboutit.)extremeadj.1.usuallybeforenounverygreatindegree:Weareworkingunderextremepressureatthemoment.peoplelivinginextremepovertyI'mhavingextremedifficultyinnotlosingmytemperwithher

12、.Theheatinthedesertwasextreme.2.notordinaryorusual;seriousorsevere:Childrenwillberemovedfromtheirparentsonlyinextremecircumstances.Don'tgodoinganythingextremelikeleavingthecountry.ItwasthemostextremeexampleofcrueltytoanimalsIhadeverseen.extremeweatherconditions3.(ofpeople,politicalorganizations,

13、opinions,etc.)farfromwhatmostpeopleconsidertobenormal,reasonableoracceptable:extremeleft-wing/right-wingviewsanextremenationalistorganizationTheirideasaretooextremeforme.4. onlybeforenounasfaraspossiblefromthecentre,thebeginningorinthedirectionmentioned:KerryisintheextremewestofIreland.Shesatontheex

14、tremeedgeofherseat.politiciansontheextremeleftofthepartynoun1.afeeling,situation,wayofbehaving,etc.thatisasdifferentaspossiblefromanotherorisoppositetoit:extremesofloveandhateHeusedtobeveryshy,butnowhe'sgonetotheoppositeextreme(=changedfromoneextremekindofbehaviourtoanother).2.thegreatestorhighe

15、stdegreeofsth:extremesofcold,windorraintheclimaticextremesofthemountainsgo,etc.toextremes|takesthtoextremestoactorbeforcedtoactinawaythatisfarfromnormalorreasonable:It'sembarrassingtheextremeshe'llgotoinordertoimpresshisboss.Takentoextremes,thiskindofbehaviourcanbedangerous.Inthejungletheywe

16、heextreme(formal)toagreatdegree:Thejourneywouldbedangerousintheextreme.unfitadj.1.(forsth)|(toeat,drink,livein,etc.)|(todosth)notofanacceptablestandard;notsuitable:Thehousingwasunfitforhumanhabitation.Thefoodonofferwasunfitforhumanconsumption.Thiswaterisunfittod

17、rink.Mostofthebuildingsareunfittolivein.Theydescribedhimasunfittogovern.(technical)Manyofthehouseswerecondemnedasunfit.(technical)Thecourtclaimssheisanunfitmother.2.forsth|todosthnotcapableofdoingsth,forexamplebecauseofillness:He'sstillunfitforwork.Thecompany'sdoctorfoundthatshewasunfittocar

18、ryouthernormalwork.3.(especiallyBrE)(ofaperson)notingoodphysicalcondition;notfit,becauseyouhavenottakenexercise:Thecaptainisstillunfitandwillmisstonight'sgame.fascinateverbtoattractorinterestsbverymuch:vnChinahasalwaysfascinatedme.Itwasaquestionthathadfascinatedhimsincehewasaboy.vTheprivatelives

19、ofmoviestarsneverfailtofascinate.meditationnoun1.Uthepracticeofthinkingdeeplyinsilence,especiallyforreligiousreasonsorinordertomakeyourmindcalm:Shefoundpeacethroughyogaandmeditation.Hewasdeepinmeditationanddidn'tseemecomein.2.C,usuallypl.(onsth)(formal)seriousthoughtsonaparticularsubjectthatsbwr

20、itesdownorspeaks:hismeditationsonlifeandarturgeverb1.toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth:vntoinfSheurgedhimtostay.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately.vthatThereporturgedthatallchildrenbetaughttoswim.2.vnsth(on/uponsb)torecommendsthstrongly:ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNi

21、surgingcaution.3.vn+adv./prep.(formal)tomakeapersonorananimalmovemorequicklyand/orinaparticulardirection,especiallybypushingorforcingthem:Heurgedhishorseforward.urgesbontoencouragesbtodosthorsupportthemsothattheydoitbetter:Shecouldhearhimurgingheronassheranpast.accomplishverbvntosucceedindoingorcomp

22、letingsth,achieve:Thefirstpartoftheplanhasbeensafelyaccomplished.Idon'tfeelI'veaccomplishedverymuchtoday.That'sit.Missionaccomplished(=wehavedonewhatweaimedtodo).motivateverb1.vnoftenpassivetobethereasonwhysbdoessthorbehavesinaparticularway:Heismotivatedentirelybyself-interest.2.tomakesb

23、wanttodosth,especiallysththatinvolveshardworkandeffort:vnShe'sverygoodatmotivatingherstudents.vntoinfTheplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently.3.vn(formal)togivereasonsforsththatyouhavestated:Pleasemotivateyouranswertoquestion5.motivatedadj.:araciallymotivatedattackahighlymotivat

24、edstudent(=onewhoisveryinterestedandworkshard)motivationnounC,U:Whatisthemotivationbehindthissuddenchange?Mostpeoplesaidthatpaywastheirmainmotivationforworking.He'sintelligentenoughbuthelacksmotivation.Allresearchproposalsmustbeaccompaniedbyafullmotivation.devotionnoun(tosb/sth)1. U,sing.greatlo

25、ve,careandsupportforsb/sth:Hisdevotiontohiswifeandfamilyistouching.2. U,sing.theactionofspendingalotoftimeorenergyonsth:herdevotiontodutyHerdevotiontothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.3.devotionspl.prayersandotherreligiouspracticessoulnounSPIRITOFPERSON1. Cthespiritualpartofaperson,believedtoexist

26、afterdeath:Hebelievedhisimmortalsoulwasinperil.Thehowlingwindsoundedlikethewailingoflostsouls(=thespiritsofdeadpeoplewhoarenotinheaven).INNERCHARACTER2. Caperson'sinnercharacter,containingtheirtruethoughtsandfeelings:Therewasafeelingofrestlessnessdeepinhersoul.SPIRITUAL/MORAL/ARTISTICQUALITIES3.

27、 sing.thespiritualandmoralqualitiesofhumansingeneral:thedarksideofthehumansoul4. U,Cstrongandgoodhumanfeeling,especiallythatgivesaworkofartitsqualityorenablessbtorecognizeandenjoythatquality:Itwasaverypolishedperformanee,butitlackedsoul.5. sing.theofsthaperfectexampleofagoodquality:Heisthesoulofdisc

28、retion.PERSON6. C(becomingold-fashioned)apersonofaparticulartype:She'slostallhermoney,poorsoul.You'reabravesoul.7. C(especiallyinnegativesentences)aperson:Therewasn'tasoulinsight(=nobodywasinsight).Don'ttellasoul(=donottellanyone).(literary)avillageof3.00souls(=with3.00peoplelivingth

29、ere)MUSIC8.(alsosoulmusic)Uatypeofmusicthatexpressesstrongemotions,madepopularbyAfricanAmericanmusicians:asoulsingergoodforthesoul(humorous)goodforyou,evenifitseemsunpleasant:Wantaride?'Nothanks.Walkingisgoodforthesoul.'sacredadj.1.connectedwithGodoragod;consideredtobeholy:asacredimage/shrin

30、e/templesacredmusicCowsaresacredtoHindus.2.veryimportantandtreatedwithgreatrespectsacrosanet:Humanlifemustalwaysbesacred.Forjournalistsnothingissacred(=theycanwriteaboutanything).Somecompaniesofferfive-yearplansbutthereisnothingsacredaboutthislengthoftime(=itcanbechanged).deednoun1.(formal,literary)

31、athingthatsbdoesthatisusuallyverygoodorverybadact:abrave/charitable/evil/gooddeedataleofheroicdeeds2.(oftenpluralinBritishEnglish)alegaldocumentthatyousign,especiallyonethatprovesthatyouownahouseorabuilding:thedeedsofthehouseyourgooddeedforthedayahelpful,kindthingthatyoudo:ItookSarah'schildrento

32、schoolsoI'vedonemygooddeedfortheday.conceptionnoun1.Utheprocessofforminganideaoraplan:Theplanwasbrilliantinitsconceptionbutfailedbecauseoflackofmoney.2.C,U(ofsth)|(that.)anunderstandingorabeliefofwhatsthisorwhatsthshouldbe:Marx'sconceptionofsocialjusticeHehasnoconceptionofhowdifficultlifeisi

33、fyou'reunemployec3.U,Ctheprocessofaneggbeingfertilizedinsideawoman'sbodysothatshebecomespregnant:themomentofconceptionAchildisbornabout40weeksafterconceptiontakesplace.tactnounUtheabilitytodealwithdifficultorembarrassingsituationscarefullyandwithoutdoingorsayinganythingthatwillannoyorupsetot

34、herpeoplesensitivity:Settlingthedisputerequiredgreattactanddiplomacy.Sheisnotexactlyknownforhertact.regretverb(-tt-)1.tofeelsorryaboutsthyouhavedoneoraboutsththatyouhavenotbeenabletodo:vnIfyoudon'tdoitnow,you'llonlyregretit.Thedecisioncouldbeonehelivestoregret.Ivehadawonderfullife,'shesa

35、id,Idon'tregretathing.'Sheregrettedthewordsthemomenttheywereoutofhermouth.v-ingHebitterlyregrettedeverhavingmentionedit.vwh-IdeeplyregretwhatIsaid.2.(formal)usedtosayinapoliteorformalwaythatyouaresorryorsadaboutasituation:vnTheairlineregretsanyinconvenience.vthatIregretthatIamunabletoaccepty

36、ourkindinvitation.vtoinfWeregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.vnthatItistoberegrettedthatsomanyyoungpeopleleaveschoolwithoutqualifications.nounU,Cafeelingofsadnessordisappointmentthatyouhavebecauseofsththathashappenedorsththatyouhavedoneornotdone:ItiswithgreatregretthatIacceptyo

37、urresignation.Sheexpressedherregretatthedecision.apang/twingeofregretIhavenoregretsaboutleavingNewcastle(=Idonotfeelsorryaboutit).Whatisyourgreatestregret(=thethingthatyouaremostsorryaboutdoingornotdoing)?Hegaveupteachingin2001,muchtotheregretofhisstudents.repentancenounU(forsth)thefactofshowingthat

38、youaresorryforsthwrongthatyouhavedonecontrition,remorse:Heshowsnosignofrepentance.Thebookspeaksoftheneedforrepentanceandatonement.wisdomnounU1.theabilitytomakesensibledecisionsandgivegoodadvicebecauseoftheexperieneeandknowledgethatyouhave:awomanofgreatwisdom:wordsofwisdom2.ofsth/ofdoingsthhowsensibl

39、esthis:Iquestionthewisdomofgivingachildsomuchmoney.3.theknowledgethatasocietyorculturehasgainedoveralongperiodoftime:thecollectivewisdomoftheNativeAmericanpeopleconventional/receivedwisdomthevieworbeliefthatmostpeoplehold:Conventionalwisdomhasitthatriotsonlyeverhappenincities.inhis/her/its,etc.(infi

40、nite)wisdomusedwhenyouaresayingthatyoudonotunderstandwhysbhasdonesth:Thegovernmentinitswisdomhasdecidedtosupporttheban.virtuenoun1.U(formal)behaviourorattitudesthatshowhighmoralstandards:Heledalifeofvirtue.Shewascertainlynoparagonofvirtue!2.Caparticulargoodqualityorhabit:Patieneeisnotoneofhervirtues

41、,I'mafraid.Asapolitician,healwaysemphasizedthevirtuesofcompromiseandconciliation.3.C,Uanattractiveorusefulquality:Theplanhasthevirtueofsimplicity.HewasextollingthevirtuesoftheInternet.Theycouldseenovirtueindiscussingitfurther.by/invirtueofsth(formal)bymeansoforbecauseofsth:Shegotthejobbyvirtueof

42、hergreaterexperienee.makeavirtueofnecessitytomanagetogainanadvantagefromsththatyouhavetodoandcannotavoid:ShedecidedtomakeavirtueofnecessityandcombinedabusinesstriptoPariswithavisittohercousinsthere.virtueisitsownreward(saying)therewardforactinginamoralorcorrectwayistheknowledgethatyouhavedoneso,andy

43、oushouldnotexpectmorethanthis,forexamplepraisefromotherpeopleorpaymentnobleadj.(nobler);(noblest)1.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire,suchascourage,honestyandcareforothers:anobleleadernobleidealsHediedforanoblecause.Itwasverynobleofyoutogosofartotakehimhome2.veryimpressiveinsizeorquality:an

44、oblebuilding3.belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank(=belongingtothenobility):amanofnoblebirthoneofthenoblestfamiliesinPortugalnoblyadv.:Sheborethedisappointmentnobly.tobenoblybornnounapersonwhocomesfromafamilyofhighsocialrank;amemberofthenobilitydoomnounUdeathordestruction;anyterribleeventthatyoucannot

45、avoid:tomeetyourdoomShehadasenseofimpendingdoom(=feltthatsthverybadwasgoingtohappen).doommerchantapersonwhopredictsthatthingswillgoverybadly:Theprophetsofdoomwhosaidtelevisionwouldkilloffthebookwerewrong.verbvnusuallypassivesb/sth(tosth)tomakesb/sthcertaintofail,suffer,die,etc.:Theplanwasdoomedtofai

46、lure.Themarriagewasdoomedfromthestart.bidverb(bidding,bade,bidden)or(bidding,bid,bid)1.(sb)goodmorning,farewell,etc.(formal)tosaygoodmorning',etc.tosb:vn,vnnIbadefarewelltoallthefriendsIhadmadeinParis.Ibadeallmyfriendsfarewell.2.(olduseorliterary)totellsbtodosth:vninfHebademecomecloser.jugglever

47、b1.(withsth)tothrowasetofthreeormoreobjectssuchasballsintotheairandcatchandthrowthemagainquickly,oneatatime:vtojugglewithballsMyuncletaughtmetojuggle.vn(figurative)Iwasjugglingbooks,shoppingbagsandthebaby(=Iwastryingtoholdthemallwithoutdroppingthem).2.sth(withsth)totrytodealwithtwoormoreimportantjob

48、soractivitiesatthesametimesothatyoucanfitallofthemintoyourlife:vnWorkingmothersareusedtojugglingtheirjobs,theirchildren'sneedsandtheirhousework.alsov3. vntoorganizeinformation,figures,themoneyyouspend,hemostusefuloreffectivewayentireadj.onlybeforenoun(usedwhenyouareemphasizingthatthewhole

49、ofsthisinvolved)includingeverything,everyoneoreverypart:Theentirevillagewasdestroyed.Iwastedanentiredayonit.Ihaveneverinmyentirelifeheardsuchnonsense!Thediseasethreatenstowipeouttheentirepopulation.attainverbvn1.tosucceedingettingsth,usuallyafteralotofeffort:MostofourstudentsattainedfiveAgradesintheirexams.2.(formal)toreachaparticularage,levelorcondition:Thecheetahcanattainspeedsofupto97kph.appreciateverb1.vn(notusedintheprogressivetenses)torecogn