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1、 土木工程專業(yè)詞匯使用須知:請使用Ctrl+F進行搜索,方便查閱!土木(Civil), 土木工程(Civil engineering), 規(guī)劃(planning),設(shè)計(design),施工(construction),結(jié)構(gòu)(structures), 土木工程師(Civil engineers), 公共設(shè)施(public facilities), 隧道(tunnels),大壩(dams),海港(harbors),電廠(power plants),給水(water),排水(sewage), 公共交通(mass transit), 管線(pipelines),工業(yè)的(industrial)、商業(yè)的
2、(commercial),住宅的(residential),大型結(jié)構(gòu)(large structures),專業(yè)(specialties), 專業(yè)人員(specialists),電力管線(power lines),場地(site),測量(survey),繪(地形)圖(map), 巖土的(geotechnical),土工試驗(soil experiments) , 環(huán)境的(environmental), 地下水( groundwater ), 交通(transportation ) , 結(jié)構(gòu)的(structural),詳細設(shè)計( detailed designs), 設(shè)計圖( plans),(設(shè)計
3、)說明 (specifications), 施工管理(construction management),監(jiān)督(supervise),協(xié)調(diào)(coordinate),材料(materials),人工(labor), 費用(costs),估算(estimate)結(jié)構(gòu)工程(structural engineering),設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)(supports for equipment),濱海(offshore),項目(projects),特種結(jié)構(gòu)(special structures ), 發(fā)射塔(transmission towers), 承受(resist),外力(forces ), 自重(the own
4、weight),風(wind),颶風(hurricane),溫度(temperature),膨脹(expand),收縮(contract),地震(earthquake), 砼(concrete), 瀝青(asphalt),磚(brick),水利工程(water resources engineering), 防洪(prevent floods),供水(supply water ),灌溉(irrigation), 維護(maintain ), 運河(canals),水閘(locks),大型水電壩(huge hydroelectric dams), 水圍堰(water impoundments )
5、,巖土工程(Geotechnical engineering), 巖土特性分析(analyze the properties of soils and rocks),沉降(settlement),估計(evaluate),加強(strengthen),坡體(slopes),填土(fills),穩(wěn)定(stability),結(jié)構(gòu)抗震(protect structures against earthquakes),環(huán)境工程(environmental engineering),處理(treatment), 指定傾倒場(special dump sites),清潔垃圾填埋(sanitary landf
6、ills),交通工程(transportation engineering) ,城市規(guī)劃師(urban planners),管道工程(Pipeline engineering) , 安裝(installation),強度(strength),壓力(pressure)運輸工程(transportation engineering) ,城市規(guī)劃師(urban planners),管道工程(Pipeline engineering) , 安裝(installation),強度(strength),壓力(pressure),施工工程(construction engineering), 業(yè)主(owne
7、rs),小區(qū)與城市規(guī)劃(Community and urban planning) ,開發(fā)(develop),攝像(Photogrametry), 工程管理(engineering management), 工程教學(engineering teaching), 咨詢(consultants) 。建筑物(building),建筑學(architecture),居民(deweller),設(shè)計(design), 功能(function),公寓(apartment) , 辦公樓(office building), 可居住的(habitable), 起居室(living room) , 臥室(bedr
8、oom),浴室( bathroom), 廚房( kitchens),自然采光(natural light), 人工照明(artificial light),進深(depth),均勻的(uniform),照明(illumination),預(yù)算(budget), 費用(costs),體積(bulk),輪廓(outline)。空間(space),人群流動(circulation),廳(hall),樓梯(stair), 電梯(elevator),交通負荷(load of traffic) , 大廈(edifice), 耐久性(permanence), 石材(stone) ,磚(brick),木材( w
9、ooden), 鋼材( steel),玻璃(glass), 抵抗(resist),壓力(compression),力(force),擠壓(squeeze),無限地(indefinitely),壓碎(crush),強度(strength),抵抗(withstand),拉力(tension),拉(pull),梁(beam),跨越(span),彎曲(bend),支座(support),受拉的(tensile),柱(column),粗短的(sturdy),美感(aesthetic),應(yīng)力(stress),受壓的(compressive),纖維的(fibrous),柱(post),細長(slend),性
10、質(zhì)(property),建造(construction), 樓層(floor),框架(frame) , 骨架(skeleton), 屋頂(roof), 懸臂的(cantilever) ,投影(project)。分區(qū)(division),中堂(nave),過道(aisles),袖廊(transepts), 后殿(apse),小禮堂(chapels) , 哥特式的(Gothic), 大教堂(cathedrals), 比例(propertions) ,虛(voids),實( solids), 高( height),寬(width), 長(length),寬(breadth),黃金分割(golden
11、section),尺度(scale),長椅(benches),臺階(steps),欄桿(balustrades),門口(doorway),柱廊(colonnade),廣大(vastness),裝飾(decoration),飾品(ornament)。承載的(load-carrying),框架(frame),圍護(skin),樓面(floors), 隔斷(partitions),機械的(mechanical) , 電氣的(eletrical), 電梯(elevators), 采暖與冷卻系統(tǒng)(heating and cooling systems) , 照明系統(tǒng)(lighting systems),
12、上部結(jié)構(gòu)( superstructure), 下部結(jié)構(gòu)( substructure),基礎(chǔ)(foundation), 摩天大樓(skyscraper),骨架(skeleton),框架(framework),運輸(transport),高峰(summit), 外墻(exterior walls),承重墻(bearing walls),柱(post),過梁(lintel),墻厚(thickness),鑄鐵(cast-iron),幕墻(curtain wall),砌體(masonry),高層建筑(tall buildings),混凝土(concrete), 鋼筋混凝土(reinforced conc
13、rete),圓周的(perimeter) , 筒體(tube), 剛度(stiffness), 剛性框架(rigid frames) , 桁架(trusses),側(cè)向穩(wěn)定( lateral stability), 透明的(transparent),不透明的(opaque), 維護(maintenance),預(yù)制的(precast),鋁(aluminum),商業(yè)的(commercial),工業(yè)的(industrial), 公共建筑(public building),板(slab),梁(beam),平臺(deck),波形的(corrugated),肋(ribs),實體的(solid),天花(cei
14、ling),導(dǎo)管(ducts)。輔助空間(ancillary space),供熱的(heating),通風的(ventilating),管線的(plumbing), 分配(allocate),封閉的(sealed) , 復(fù)雜的(elaborate), 空調(diào)(air conditioning), 導(dǎo)管(duct) , 管道(conduit),融入( incorporate), 懸掛(suspend),改造(innovation), 基礎(chǔ)(foundation),層理(stratification),壓縮(compaction),成份(composition),混合物(mixture), 評估(e
15、valuation),分級(grade),顆粒(particle),淤泥(silt),粘土(clay),砂(sand),礫石(gravel),巖石(rock),公噸(metric ton),狀態(tài)(state),壓力(presure),重量(weight), 表現(xiàn)(exhibit),彈性有(elastic) , 性質(zhì)(property), 變形(deform), 回彈(rebound) , 時間相關(guān)的(time-dependent),施加(impose), 沉降(settle),隆起(heave), 流變(flow),擠壓(squeeze),不均勻的(uneven),例證(exemplify),
16、傾斜的(leaning), 開裂(crack),倒塌(collapse),均勻的(uniform),極端的(extreme),地下水(groundwater),擴展基礎(chǔ)(spread footing),raftor mat(筏式基礎(chǔ)),樁(pile),屋頂(roof),重力(gravity),調(diào)研(investigation),預(yù)言(prediction),行為(behavior),土力學(soil mechanics),耦合(couple),失效(failure)。高層建筑(tall buildings),超高層建筑(ultrahigh rise buildings),圍護(skin),應(yīng)力
17、蒙皮(stressed-skin), 筒體(tube),剛性的(rigid) , 風荷載(wind load), 擺動(sway), 破壞(damage) , 細部(details),過大的(excessive), 不舒適( discomfort),住戶(occuppant), 覺察(perception),固有的(inherent),運動(motion),上邊界(upper boundary),下邊界(lower boundary), 額外費用(premium),消除(eliminate),剛性帶桁架框架(frames with rigid belt trusses),框筒(framed t
18、ube),突出( projecting),柱對角斜撐框架筒體(column-diagonal truss tube )束筒(bundled tube),滑移(drift),利用(utilize), 筒體(tube),表面(facade) , 比率(ratio), 軋制成型(rolled shape), 框筒(framed tube) , 筒中筒(tube in tube),剪力墻(shear wall), 組合體系(composite system)。橋梁(bridge),道路(roadway),交通(traffic),汽車(automobile), 鐵路(railroad),行人(pedes
19、trian) , 渡槽(aqueduct), 安裝(erect), 運河(canal) ,駁船(barge),飛機(aircraft), 公路(highway),木材(timber), 圓木(log),懸索橋(suspension bridge),不穩(wěn)定的(unstable),穩(wěn)定的(stable),橋墩(bridge pier), 平板橋(clapper bridge),革新(innovation),傾斜(slant),投影(project),錨固(anchor),間隙(gap),簡支梁(simple beam),懸臂橋(cantilever bridge),懸臂(corbel),曲線(cu
20、rve),耐用的(durable),剛梁(rigid beam)。大梁(girder),復(fù)式桁架(complex truss),承受(withstand),拉伸(stretch), 屈曲(buckle),斷裂(break) , 可行的(feasible), 地基土(subsoil), 面板(deck) ,柔性的(flexible),索(cable), 橋臺(abutment),傳遞(transmit), 相交(intersect),推力(thrust)。The amount of bridge traffic(橋梁交通流量), jammed traffic(交通堵塞), cost (費用),
21、financing (籌款),Acquire(獲?。?, survey(勘察),Tide(潮汐),F(xiàn)lood(洪水),current(水流),Bore(鉆孔), samples of soil and rock(巖土試樣),Girder(大梁),cantilever(懸臂梁),truss(桁架),arch(拱),suspension(懸索),location(地理位置),purposes(功用),Span length(跨度),Strength(強度), harmony(協(xié)調(diào))。Alloy steels(合金鋼), Steel wires(鋼絲),tension(拉力),compression(
22、壓力),bending(彎曲),shear(剪力),torsion(扭矩),Static loads(靜載),vehicle(車輛), impact(沖擊),vibration(振動),Dynamic loads(動載),live loads(活載)。tremors(地震震動),F(xiàn)loating debris(浮物), model testing(模型測試),Scale-down model test(縮尺模型試驗),Wind tunnel tests(風洞試驗),Erect(安裝), cofferdams(圍堰),caissons(沉箱), piles(樁)。上部結(jié)構(gòu)(superstruct
23、ure),F(xiàn)alsework (腳手架),F(xiàn)loatation (浮運),cantilevering (懸臂), lifting (提升),suspension (懸吊),signs (標識),guardrails (護欄)。Sea Works(海洋工程),martime engineering (海事工程),F(xiàn)ishing ports(漁港), marinas(碼頭),Reclamation and conservancy(填海與保護), Maintenance (維護),estuaries(河口)。Hydraulic(水力的),Natural harbor(天然海港),artificial
24、 harbor(人工海港),Tidal cycle(潮汐周期),scour(沖刷),siltation(淤積),breakwater(防波堤),Secondary wave(次生波),Reflected wave(反射波),disturbances(干擾),Bay(海灣),jetty(防波堤),mole(防波堤)。locality(地區(qū)),conservancy(保護),ruin(廢墟),wharve(碼頭),alluvial(沖積的),destructive(破壞的),bar(沙灘),anchorage(錨地),littoral drift(沿岸漂浮物),coast(海岸),maintain
25、(保持),beach(海灘)。frailty(弱點),craft(工藝),indestructibility(不可破壞性),implement(執(zhí)行),outlast(比經(jīng)久),durability(耐久性),ingress(入口),egress(出口),underpin(支撐),dewater(排水),hydraulic cement(水硬性水泥),lime(石灰)。dam(水壩),retain(保持),discharge(流量), hydrauelectric(水電的),navigation(航行), auxiliary (輔助的),spillways(泄洪道),gates(閘門),val
26、ves(閥門),tunnels(隧道),pipelines(管道),evacuate(開挖),reservoir(水庫),multipurpose(多功能的),scheme(方案),conservation(保護),rockfill(填石),masonry(砌體),monolithic(整體式的),latterally(側(cè)向地),buttresses(扶壁),horizontal(水平的),abutments(墩臺)。Site(場地),investigation(調(diào)查),boring(鉆孔),strata(地層),shaft(鉆桿),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透
27、性),stress(應(yīng)力),groundwater(地下水),assess(評估),seismic(地震),hydraulic(水力的),verify(驗證),instruments(儀器),pressure(壓力),performance(性能),emergency(緊急情況),confirm(印證),assumption(假設(shè)),equation(方程),variable(變量),F(xiàn)inite Element Analysis(有限單元分析),equilibrium(平衡),strain(應(yīng)變)。Tensile strength(抗拉強度),compressive strength(抗拉強
28、度),support(支撐),vertical(垂直的),load(荷載),concrete(砼),cement(水泥),shrink(收縮),set(凝固),harden(硬化),crack(開裂),cast(澆注),blend(摻和),resistence(抵抗),aggregate(骨料),fine-grained(細顆粒的),fly ash(粉煤灰),filler(填充劑),volume(量),addivitives(添加劑),surface-active agents(表面活化劑),air-entraining agents(引氣劑),water-to-cement ratio(水灰
29、比),cool(冷卻),extract(提?。?,vacuum(真空)。Permeable(可滲透的),resistance(抵抗),deterioration(侵蝕),deformation(變形),seepage(滲透),quick(流砂),fluid(流體),earthquake(地震),seismically active region(地震活動帶),strong ground motion(強地動),response(響應(yīng)),predict(預(yù)言),degree of freedom(自由度),damping(阻尼)。Highway(公路),maintenance(維護),financ
30、ing(籌款),traffic(交通),assess(評估),layout(布局),capacity(容量),route(線路),preliminary(初步的),alternate(備選的),detailed design(詳細設(shè)計),terrain(地形),traverse(橫過),photogrammetric(攝影測量的),stage(階段),phase(階段),evaluation(評價)。Delay(延期),expressway(高速公路),coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)),preserve(保護),propose(提議),blueprints(藍圖),earthwork(土方工程),
31、surfacing(路面),grading(場地平整),excavate(開挖),fill(填),analyze the gradation(顆粒分析),compact(壓縮)。Surfacing(鋪面),accommodate(容納),frequency(頻率),roadway(路面),sandy clay(砂質(zhì)粘土),slag(礦碴),crushed stone(碎石),gravel(礫石),stabilize(穩(wěn)定),subgrade(路基),roller(滾壓機),soil-cement(水泥土),bituminous(瀝青的),surface drainage(地表排水),crown
32、(路冠),shoulder(路肩),open ditches(明溝),storm drainage system(暴雨排水系統(tǒng)),catchbasin(集水井),runoff(徑流),duration(持續(xù)時間)Ponding(積水),spacing(間距),precipitation(降水量),flow(水流),culvert(涵管),roughness(粗糙度),entrance(入口),downstream(下游),conduit(導(dǎo)管),outlet(出水口)。Rest facilities(休息設(shè)施),rest stops(休息站),interstate highways(州際公路)
33、,access(入口),noise barriers(隔音墻),subgrade(路基),staking out(放樣),award(授予),contract(合同),detailed plan(詳細規(guī)劃),specifications(說明),lay out(布置),indicate(標示),settlement(沉降),vibratory(振動的),maintenance(維護),signs(路標),guard rails(護欄),traffic striping(交通帶),retaining walls(擋土墻),side slopes(邊坡),supervising(監(jiān)督)。Soil
34、mechanics(土力學),laws of mechanics(力學定律),hydraulics(水力學),aggregate(集合),mineral grains(礦物顆粒),organic(有機的),constituents(成份),weathering(風化),three phases(三相),composition(組成),heterogeneity(不均勻性),deposits(沉積土),retaining wall(擋土墻),earth pressure(土壓力),equilibrium(平衡),cohesion(粘聚力), plasticity(塑性),sand(砂土),cla
35、y(粘土),shearing(受剪的),sliding(滑動),the surface of rupture(破壞面),shearing force(剪力),approximation(近似),cohesive soils(粘性土), Curved surface(曲面),the surface of slip(滑動面)。Consolidation(固結(jié)),lag(滯后),settlement(沉降),waterlogged(浸水的),samples(試樣),testing on the site(現(xiàn)場試驗),testing in the laboratory(室內(nèi)試驗),internal f
36、riction(內(nèi)摩擦角),cohesion(粘聚力),compressibility(可壓縮性),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透性),capillarity(毛細管作用),moisture(水份),soil particles(土顆粒)。Tamping(夯打),load-bearing strength(承載力),elastic soils(彈性土),expansible soils(可膨脹土),flexible(柔性的),expand(膨脹),freezing-thawing cycles(凍融循環(huán)),wetting-drying cycles(濕干循環(huán)),s
37、oil grains(土顆粒),plane of free water(自由水面),volume(體積),stability(穩(wěn)定性),instrument(儀器),stabilometer(穩(wěn)定計),consolidation(固結(jié)),site investigation(場地勘察),survey(調(diào)查),visual investigation(肉眼鑒定),elaborate(詳細的),subsurface(地下的),exploration(勘探),boring(鉆孔),laboratory testing(室內(nèi)測試), Samples(試樣),identification(識別),cla
38、ssification(分類),grain size(顆粒大?。琹iquid limit(液限),plastic limit(塑限)。Topography(地形),geological features(地質(zhì)特征),outcrop(巖面露頭),lake bed(湖床),weathered remnants(風化殘積),paleontological maps(地質(zhì)年代圖),aerial photographs(航空拍照),well logs(鉆井記錄),excavation(開挖),geophysical exploration(地質(zhì)勘探),seismic(地震的),strata(地層),p
39、ropagation(傳播),shock waves(沖擊波),bedrock(基巖),reflected wave(反射波),probe rod(探桿),penetration resistance(貫入阻力),water jets(噴水式推進器),augers(螺旋鉆),drilling(鉆孔),chip(切片),trenches(溝),pits(坑),Pneumatic drilling(氣動鉆),diamond drilling(金剛鉆),boreholes(鉆孔),retain(保存),inspection(驗收),in-place density(原位密度)。Foundation(
40、基礎(chǔ)),multistory(多層的),footing(擴展基礎(chǔ)),earth-fill dam(填土壩),pile(樁基礎(chǔ)),pile cap(樁臺),foundation system(基礎(chǔ)體系),reaction(反力),impose(施加),total settlement(總沉降),differential settlement(沉降差),withstand(承受),mat foundation(筏式基礎(chǔ)),slab foundation(板式基礎(chǔ)),caisson(沉箱),transfer(傳遞),superstructure(上部結(jié)構(gòu)),transmit(傳遞),substruc
41、ture(下部結(jié)構(gòu)),Spread foundation(擴展基礎(chǔ)),reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),plain concrete(素混凝土),masonry(砌體),combined footing(聯(lián)立基礎(chǔ)),cantilever footing(懸臂基礎(chǔ)),building line(建筑紅線),exterior wall(外墻),continuous footing(連續(xù)基礎(chǔ)),pile tip(樁尖),wall footing(墻基)。The allowable bearing pressure(允許承載力),building code(建筑規(guī)范),grade
42、beam(地梁),brace(支承),the retention of earth(填土),slide(滑移),overturn(傾覆),frost line(凍深線),uniform(均勻的),rigid(剛性的),discontinuity(不連續(xù)性),floating foundation(浮式基礎(chǔ))。Floor slab(樓板),the groundwater level(地下水位),well points(井點降水),pumping(抽水),deep well(深井),sumps(集水坑),dewater(降水),electroosmosis(電滲降水),cutoff wall(截水
43、墻),grout(水泥漿),periphery(周邊),subside(下沉),basement(地下室),the hydrostatic pressures of the water(靜水壓力),soil backfill(回填土),uplift(上浮的),anchor(錨固),infiltrating(滲透),joint(連接),encase(包裹),impermeable(不滲透的),membrane(薄膜),coat(涂抹),asphaltic mastic(瀝青膠),permeability(滲透性), retaining wall(擋土墻),abutment(墩臺),weep ho
44、le(泄水孔)。Expansive soil(膨脹土),swell(膨脹),contract(收縮),nonexpansive(非膨脹的),alter(替換),admixture(混合物),lime(石灰),flexibility(柔性),underpinning(托換),remedial(補救的),precautionary(預(yù)防的),defect(缺陷),settle(下沉),beneath(下面),confined(狹窄的),pit(坑),sheeting(擋板),caving(坍塌),stratum(地層),form(模板),continuous wall(連續(xù)墻),intermitt
45、ent(間斷的)。Construction engineering(施工工程),scheduling(安排工期),delay(延誤),allot(分配),contractor(承包商),fabrication(安裝),inspect(檢查),formwork(模板),cofferdam(圍護)。Progress control(進度控制),cost control(成本控制),unit cost(單位成本),budget(預(yù)算),periodically(周期性地),payroll(工資),allocation(分配),overrun(超支),labor costs(人工費),supervis
46、ion(監(jiān)管),earthmoving(運土),foundation treatment(地基處理),erection(安裝),concrete placement(砼澆注),asphalt paving(瀝青鋪面),electrical(電力的),mechanical(機械的),installation(安裝),dismantled(拆除)。Elevation(標高),topsoil(表層土),landscape(景觀),contamination(污染),blasting(爆破),fragment(粉碎),explosive(炸藥),defect(缺陷),strengthen(加強),ca
47、vity(洞穴),fissure(裂隙),fault(斷層),grouting(灌漿),injection(注入),fluid(流體),solidify(固化),precipitating(摻入),assembly(安裝),riveting(鉚接),bolting(栓接),welding(焊接),anchorage(錨錠)。Forming(支模),curing(養(yǎng)護),bracing(支撐),slip-forming(滑模),lift(提升),rod(桿),embed(埋設(shè)),aggregate(骨料),crusher(破碎機),screen(粗篩),paving(鋪設(shè)),contractio
48、n joint(收縮縫),roadbed(路基)。Building materials(建筑材料),physical properties(物理性質(zhì)),permanently(永久地),deform(變形),stretch(伸長),bend(彎曲),elasticity(彈性),brittle(脆性的),plastic(塑性的),yield strength(屈服強度),fracture(斷裂),ultimate strength(極限強度),stiffness(剛度),elastic modulus(彈性模量),masonry(砌體),bonding agent(粘合劑),cement mo
49、rtar(水泥漿),bricks of burnt clay(燒結(jié)粘土磚),slate(頁巖),concrete block(砼塊),ultimate compressive strength(極限抗壓強度),masonry unit(砌塊)。Ultimate tensile strength(極限抗拉強度),along the grain(順紋),across the grain(橫紋),connection(連接),devise(設(shè)計),connector(連接件),rolling(軋制),I-beam(工字梁),plate(板),sheet(薄片),cast(澆注),prestressi
50、ng concrete(預(yù)應(yīng)力砼),strand(索),rope(繩),cable(纜),embed(埋入),fireproof material(防火材料),fire resistance(抗火性),alloying elements(合金元素),silicon(硅),manganese(錳)。Corrosion(銹蝕),rod(桿),foil(箔),prefabricated(預(yù)制的),curtain-wall(幕墻),crushed stone(碎石),harden(硬化),paste(漿),component(組成),ingredient(成份),shrinkage(收縮),pour(
51、灌注),mold(模型),form(模板),fine crack(細裂縫),moist(潮濕)。Reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),steel bar(鋼筋),reinforcing bar(加強筋),bond(粘結(jié)),wire network(鋼絲網(wǎng)),binder(粘合劑)。Overall collapse(整體倒塌),component(構(gòu)件),stress(應(yīng)力),strain(應(yīng)變),code(規(guī)范),stability(穩(wěn)定性),reaction(支座反力),opposite force(反向力),balance(平衡),static quilibrium(靜力平
52、衡),internal force(內(nèi)力),assumption(假設(shè)),proportional(成比例的),static load(靜載),live load(活載),dynamic load(動載),motion(運動),random(隨機的),gravity(重力),linear-elastic(線彈性的),statically determinate(靜定的), statically indeterminate(超靜定的),rectangular(矩形的),configuration(布置),equivalent(等效的),lateral(側(cè)向的),irregular(不規(guī)則的),a
53、brupt change(突變),elevation(立面),vibration(振動),comlexity(復(fù)雜性),equation(方程),nonlinear(非線性的) 。coplanar(共面的),nonconcurrent(不共點的),component(分量),horizontal(水平的),vertical(垂直的),sum(總和),moment(力矩),independent(獨立的),equation(方程),unkown(未知數(shù)),superposition(疊加),deflection(變形),fixed(固定的),degree(自由度),approximate(近似的
54、),flexible(柔性的),restrain(約束),curvature(曲率),midpoint(中點),point of contraflexure(反彎點),pin joint(鉸接)。portal(門式的),neutral axis(中性軸),centre of gravity(重心),theoretical(理論的),exact(精確的),laborious(費力的),time-consuming(耗時的),theorem(定理),least work(最小功),spot-checking(抽查),flexibility method(柔度法),force method(力法),
55、stiffness method(剛度法),displacement method(位移法),magnitude(數(shù)量),redundant(多余的),compatible displacement conditions(位移協(xié)調(diào)條件),simultaneous linear equations(聯(lián)立方程組),hand calculation(手算),matrix(矩陣),algebra(代數(shù)),format(格式),inversion of a matrix(逆矩陣),multiplication(乘法運算),joint(節(jié)點),rotation(轉(zhuǎn)角),extreme loading(極限加載)。management(管理),enterprise(企業(yè)),expertise(技能),client(客戶),pr
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