呼吸內(nèi)科常用英語(yǔ)全

1、詢(xún)問(wèn)病史 12case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of to

2、bacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical,baiurfik,-kl data傳記,marital婚姻 status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or b

3、ad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spousesspaus 配偶 health status, menorrhea,menri:月經(jīng) (menarchemen:ki:, m- 初潮 age , cycle lasti

4、ng for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrualmenstrul月經(jīng)周期 pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions流產(chǎn) ,premature,premtju, ,pri:- delivery早產(chǎn), stillbirths死產(chǎn), difficult labor, family history (any congenital

5、先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children)常用的癥狀 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulentpjurjulnt膿性的, copiouskupis green sputum大量綠色痰，tenacioustineis, t- yellow sputum 黃粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 鐵銹色痰wheezingDyspnea during exer

6、tioniz:n or at rest 呼吸困難Orthopnea:pni 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal,prksizml nocturnalnkt:nl dyspnea 夜間陣發(fā)性呼吸困難Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部緊迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgiafringldi ; pharyngodynia,fridini 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 嗆咳Sneeze噴嚏snore 打鼾malaise mleiz不舒服myalgiamail

7、di 肌痛insomnia insmni 失眠h(yuǎn)oarseness聲嘶dysphonia disfuni發(fā)聲困難常見(jiàn)的體征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵狀指 : increased longitudinal ,lnditju:dinl and transverse橫向 curvature k:vt彎曲 ,loss of concave knkeiv凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx flks, fei-趾骨,指骨,

8、drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis ,sainusis發(fā)紺:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin di:,ksihemu,lubin去氧血紅蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral prifrl外圍的,次要的 cyanosis: cold blue per

9、ipheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 撲翼樣震顫papilloedema 視乳頭水腫chemosis球結(jié)膜水腫enlarged supraclavicula鎖骨上的r klvikjul and axillary ksilri腋窩 lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心動(dòng)過(guò)速pulsus

10、paradoxus: 10 mmHg on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis kaifusis 駝背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea ,tkipni: 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration,resprein: sternocleidomastoidst:nu,klaidmstid 胸鎖乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow interc

11、ostal,intkstl 肋間的 spacetactile觸覺(jué)的 vocal聲音的 fremitus震顫 觸覺(jué)語(yǔ)顫subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻發(fā)感Percussion:resonance清音dullness濁音flatness實(shí)音hyperresonance過(guò)清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapularskpjul肩胛的 line X left/right intercostal,intkstl 肋間的 spacerange of mobilitymubilti移動(dòng)Auscultation,:skltein:聽(tīng)診vocal re

12、sonance 語(yǔ)音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridorstraid 喘鳴 , crackleskrkl發(fā)出細(xì)碎的爆裂聲, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻發(fā)音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexiakkeksi惡病質(zhì)，cachectickkektik惡病質(zhì)的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite,

13、 anorexia,nreksi食欲減退常做的檢查 examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 體溫圖 (take ones body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occultklt/ blood test潛隱血試驗(yàn)Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytolo

14、gysaitldi細(xì)胞學(xué)Pulse oximeterksimit 脈氧計(jì)：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoralfemrl股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arteria

15、l blood hypoxemia,haipksi:mi血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO260 mmHg(millimeters of mercurym:kjuri汞)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, sh

16、unttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO250 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular,njurumskjul神經(jīng)肌肉 (sedativessdtiv鎮(zhèn)靜劑 myasthenia,maisi:ni肌無(wú)力), structuralstrktrl結(jié)構(gòu)的 (ankylosing spondylitis,kiluzi,spndilaitis強(qiáng)直性脊

17、柱炎), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticularritikjul網(wǎng)狀的, linearlini線(xiàn)狀的, military nodules粟粒樣結(jié)節(jié))coin lesions 硬幣樣cavities空腔：amphoricmfrik 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacificationu,psifikein渾濁：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent

18、knflunt支流的,匯合的 shadowing and air bronchogramf支氣管造影collapse: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasis肺不張pleural effusionmediastinal,mi:distainl縱隔 mass: thyroid ,thymomaaimum胸腺瘤, teratoma,tertum畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphomalimfum淋巴瘤 and aneurysm動(dòng)脈瘤Chest CT s

19、can( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission tomography) pzitrn正電子Abdominal ultrasoundltrsaund超聲skin prick test 皮膚點(diǎn)刺試驗(yàn)（dust mites塵螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivativedirivtiv 純蛋白衍生物(of tuberculin) test, PP

20、D test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry spairmitri呼吸量測(cè)定法，肺量測(cè)定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO0.75 extraparenchymal variable normalFEV1: forced expiratoryikspairtri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO:

21、 transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration,ekspirein)bronchoprovocation/challenge test,prvkein 支氣管激發(fā)試驗(yàn)：histaminehistmmin 組胺or methacholine乙酰甲膽堿-inhalation,inhleinbronchodilatation,dailtein支氣管舒張?jiān)囼?yàn): salbutamol沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)lfiberopti

22、c bronchoscopybrkskpi: biopsybai,psi活組織檢查 bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic,trnsrsik,經(jīng)胸廓的 percutaneous needle aspiration,sprein吸引術(shù)percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance ( for peripheral tu

23、mours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guidedrkskup 胸腔鏡 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)心電圖echocardiogram超聲心動(dòng)圖V/Q isotopeaisutup 同位素 scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋 CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography,ndirfi血管造影術(shù))pul

24、monary angiographyDopplerdpl 多普勒 USS thighai大腿 and pelvispelvis 骨盆 (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常見(jiàn)的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influenzpharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgiafringldi 咽痛acute broncho-bronchitis 急性氣管-支氣管炎

25、pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社區(qū)獲得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 醫(yī)院內(nèi)肺炎bronchiectasis 支氣管擴(kuò)張chornic bronchitis 慢性支氣管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺氣腫chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性發(fā)作bronchial asthma 支氣管哮喘allergic

26、rhinitisrainaitis過(guò)敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺膿腫pulmonary tuberculosis 肺結(jié)核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原發(fā)性支氣管肺癌squamousskweims cell carcinoma 鱗癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌dnu,k:sinumbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支氣管肺泡細(xì)胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小細(xì)胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis

27、 肺轉(zhuǎn)移瘤mtstsispulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞癥,rmbuemblizmpulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深靜脈血栓形成empyema 膿胸,empaii:mpneumothorax氣胸pyopneumothorax 膿氣胸paiu,nju:mu:rkschronic suppurative disease 慢性化膿性疾病spjurtiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫紺

28、性心臟病,saintikcor pulmonale 肺源性心臟病k:,pumnlipulmonary hypertension 肺動(dòng)脈高壓pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性腦病en,seflpiright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 彌漫性間質(zhì)性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特發(fā)性肺纖維化,idipikcryptogenic,kriptude

29、nik 隱源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隱源性纖維化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 結(jié)締組織相關(guān)性肺疾病systemic lupuslju:ps狼瘡 erythematosus, SLE 系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡rheumatoid arthritis, RA 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎systemic sclerosis, SSc 系統(tǒng)性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjorens syndrome 感知綜合征polymyositis 多發(fā)性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 結(jié)節(jié)病,s:kid

30、usisPulmonary alveolar proteinosis,prutiinusis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉積癥Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis hi:mu,sidrusis, ,hem-特發(fā)性肺含鐵血黃素沉著病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格漢斯細(xì)胞肉芽腫病rnju,lumtusisEosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽腫,i:sinfilikHistiocytosis X 組織細(xì)胞增多癥XWegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽腫extrinsic allergic alv

31、eolitis 外源性過(guò)敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 塵肺nju:m,kuniusisdrug-induced lung disease 藥物性肺病aspergillosis,sp:dilusis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支氣管胸膜瘺fistjuloral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鵝口瘡,kndidaisisosteoporotic bone change 骨質(zhì)疏松樣改變glaucoma 青光眼catarac

32、t白內(nèi)障acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺損傷acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征urticaria 蕁麻疹eczema 濕疹hypertension 高血壓diabetes 糖尿病常用的藥物 drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的, prophylactic,prfilktik, ,pru-預(yù)防性, remedialrimi:dil治療性Expectorant 祛痰藥ekspektrntMucolytics 粘液溶解劑,mju

33、:kulitikbronchodilator支氣管擴(kuò)張劑,brkudaileitB2-agonistsnist興奮劑: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇slbju:tm(:)llong-acting: salmeterol 沙美特羅muscarinic,mskrinik 毒蕈堿樣的 antagonistsntnist對(duì)抗劑: ipratropium bromidebrumaid 異丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶堿,mi:nufili:nsteroidsstirid類(lèi)固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德， beclomethasone,beklu

34、mesun倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisoloneprednislun 強(qiáng)的松po(per os)., hydrocortisone,haidruk:tizun 氫化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸鈉leukotriene,lju:kutrain白三烯 receptor antagonists: montelukast孟魯司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidenikemaid, -mid尼可剎米cardiac tonic 強(qiáng)心劑di

35、uretics 利尿劑,daijuretikalbumin 白蛋白lbjuminantitussive agents 鎮(zhèn)咳藥,ntitsivammonium chloride 氯化銨munjm銨kl:raid氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索 （mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治療措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulaeknjuli:鼻導(dǎo)管， Venturiventjuri文里氏 face-mask nebulizernebjulaiz噴霧器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tra

36、cheobronchial depositionmetered dose inhaler (MDI)定量霧化吸入器continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)-tight-fitting mask (non-invasive)intermittent positive-pressure ventilation ( IPPV)non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV)mechanical ventilation: non-invasive or invasive(via intubation,int

37、ju:bein插管 ，tracheostomy ,trkistmi, ,trei-氣管造口術(shù)，tracheotomy,trkitmi, ,trei-氣管切開(kāi)術(shù))synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步間歇指令通氣pressure support ventilation, PSV 壓力支持通氣thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺術(shù),:rksentesischest drain/drainage 引流術(shù)chemotherapy 化療radiation therapy 放療pneumonectomy 肺切除術(shù),nju:mun

38、ektmilobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺葉切除術(shù)lubektmi葉切除術(shù)thoracotomy 開(kāi)胸術(shù)，胸廓切開(kāi)術(shù),:rktmipleurodesis胸膜剝脫術(shù)pleurectomy 胸膜切除術(shù)pleural adhesion 胸膜粘連術(shù)thromboendarterectomy血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)inferior vena cava filter 下腔靜脈過(guò)濾器常見(jiàn)的疾病chornic bronchitis: procuctive cough, most days of 3 months of the year, for at least 2 co

39、nsecutive years, cough with white or purulent sputumbronchiectasis:cysticsistik囊性的/varicosevrikus曲張樣/cyclindrical柱狀-tram-tracks軌道樣hemoptysisphysiotherapy: chest wall percussion wirh head-down posturalpstrl drainagelong term oxygen inhalation : to prevent cor pulmonalemedical: bronchodilators, mucoly

40、tics, rotating courses of antibioticssurgical: resection, artery embolization for hemoptysislung abscessusually on right side, as right bronchus is shorter and more vertical;in the supine sju:pain 仰臥patient , abscess develops in apical lower lobe or posterial upper lobe.pneumothoraxaccumulation of a

41、ir in pleural space, with secondary partial collapse of subpleural胸膜下的 bleb bleb大皰 rupture rpt破裂lactrogenic: positive pressure ventilation, bronchoscopy brkskpi支氣管鏡檢查 ,esp. biopsytypes: closed, open, tensionmediastinal deviation :trachea and apex eipeks尖端 shift contralaterally對(duì)立的旁邊CXR: translucency

42、trnzlju:snsi 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim邊緣 between lung and chest wall2 cm(centimeter) =50% lung volume lossaspiration ,sprein吸引術(shù)，intercostal drainrefractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定術(shù), pleurectomyplurektmi胸膜切除術(shù), bullabul 大皰 stapling裝訂 or lasering激光pleural effusionchest pain and progressivel

43、y worsening of shortness of breathTransudate,trnsjudeit漏出液：redistribution of Starling forces across microcirculation, diuretics,daijuretik利尿劑 can result in rapid resolution, protein 30g/L(gram/litreli:t) or pleura: serumsirm血清 protein 1/2 or pleura: serum LDH2/3;often seen in cardiac failure, hypoal

44、buminemia,haipul,bju:mni:mi低蛋白血癥, embolism, superior or inferior vena cava obstruction, hypothyroidism . ,haipuairidizm甲狀腺功能低下Exudateeksjudeit滲出液：capillary permeability,p:mibiliti 滲透 increases or lymph drainage decreasesoften seen in infection ,neoplasia,ni:upleizi, -i瘤形成, surgery or trauma.CXR: men

45、iscusminisks彎液面-shaped,rises towards axillaksil腋溫Appearance: clear ,straw淡黃色的-coloured: suggests transduateturbidt:bid渾濁的, green: indicates exudates(pusps膿cells) or empyema,empaii:m積膿癥 (bacterial infection)bloody( haemothorax,hi:mu:rks血胸): tumor ,pulmonary embolism, acute pancreatitispnkritaitis胰腺炎,

46、 traumawhite( chylothorax,kailu:rks乳糜胸)：lymph ,blocked thoracic:rsik, duct胸導(dǎo)管, usually due to tumourTherapy: transudate: diureticsexudates: repeated drainage (thoracocentesis)intrathoracic,intrrsik胸廓內(nèi)的 streptokinase,streptukaineis 鏈球菌激酶via chest drain: to lyselais溶解 fibrinousfaibrins 纖維蛋白的 adhesions

47、dhi:n粘合pleural adhesion: tetracycline,tetrsaiklain四環(huán)素. bleomycin,bli:umaisin博萊霉素lung cancerhoarseness: due to left recurrent屢發(fā)的 laryngeal,lrindi:l 喉的 nerve palsyp:lzi麻痹dysphagiadisfeidi,-di吞咽困難pancoast tumor infiltrates T1 stellate stelit, -leit 星形的ganglionlin神經(jīng)節(jié) resulting in Horner syndromehypertro

48、phic pulmonary osteoarthropathy,stiu:rupi骨關(guān)節(jié)病superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO): headache, shortness of breath; conjunctival edema, ,kndktaiv結(jié)膜plethorapler, vein dilation, pericardial tamponade,tmpneid心包 填塞( JVP,ABP,quiet HSparaneoplastic syndromes: endocrine( ACTH: Cushings; B-HCG:gynaecomastia

49、and body hair loss; PTH: hypercalcaemia especially squamous cell carcinoma),skin（dermatomyositis）immunocompromised e.g. shingles 帶狀皰疹squamous cell carcinoma: 30% of all primary lung tumours, but decreasing incidence ,relatively good prognosis if localized, squamous metaplasia with keratin whorls, ce

50、ntral location, clubbing, hypercalcemia( PTH-rp secretion)adenocarcinoma: 30%,increasing incidence, esp. women, less association with smoking, poor prognosis, metastasis early, gland-like and mucin-secretion, peripheral location, pleural effusions, hypercoagulable statesmall cell carcinoma:20%,poor

51、prognosis, metastasis occur early, small AUPD cells with neurosecretory granules, central location, paraneoplastic syndromes commonbronchoalveolar cell carcinoma: variant of adenocarcinoma that is associated with chronic lung inflammation , e.g. fibrosing , copious clear mucoid sputumNSCLC: surgical

52、 resection possible at first, adjuvant chemotherapySCLC: radiotherapy + chemotherapy ( etoposide + cisplatin)secondary lung cancer: breast, oesophago/gastric/head-neck(+colon if liver metastasis), melanoma, bone (sarcoma), thyroid, renal, prostate, ovary, choriocarcinoma, testes etc.obstructive sleep apnoeaobstruction of upper airway occurs at night with loss of muscle tone in sleep, snoring, sleepiness during day, aponeic