初中英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(全)

1、一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.根本結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞假設(shè)為行為動(dòng)詞,那么在其前加dont,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),那么用doesnt,同時(shí)復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),那么用does,同時(shí),復(fù)原行為動(dòng)詞.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式,即常

2、在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es.一、人稱(chēng)代詞he,she,it是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：HelikeswatchingTV.他喜歡看電視.Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐.Itlookslikeacat.它看起來(lái)像只貓.(口訣：I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞都用are)二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱(chēng)呼作主語(yǔ);是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：HanMeilookslikehermother.韓梅看起來(lái)像她的母親.BeijingisinChina.北京在中國(guó).UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕.三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this/that/the

3、+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物.Thisbookisyours.這本書(shū)是你的.四、不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代詞this,that作主語(yǔ)時(shí),是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：Everyoneishere.大家到齊了.Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.這塊手表有毛病.五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里.Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小.六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字

4、母作主語(yǔ)時(shí),看作第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù).如：6isaluckynumber.6是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字.【練習(xí)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1Jennyinanoffice.Herparentsahospital.AworkworksBworksworkCworkareworkingDisworkingwork2 OneoftheboysAhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3 WewillgoshoppingAdontrainBdidntrainCdoesntrainDisntrain4 Hheeastandinthewest.Arose;s

5、etBrises;setsCrises,setDrise;sets5 WangMeimusicandoftentomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listen6 JennyEnglisheveryevening.AhasstudyBstudiesCstudyDstudied二、填空1 IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe(come)tovisit.2 yoursister(know)English?3Herhome(遠(yuǎn)離)herschool.4Thepot(notlook)likeyoursver

6、ymuch.5 Whereyou(have)luncheveryday?6 Who(想要)togoswimming?7 she(do)thehouseworkeveryday?8 JennyandDannyusually(play)gamesintheafternoon.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceupo

7、natime,etc.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)(可分三類(lèi)不同的結(jié)構(gòu))1 .Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)在沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子中使用be動(dòng)詞,amis的過(guò)去式為was;are的過(guò)去式為were肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+其它.否認(rèn)句式：主語(yǔ)+be(was,were)+not+其它.一般疑問(wèn)句:Be(was,were)+主語(yǔ)+其它？注:在這種構(gòu)成中,be動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,即要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)選用was/were.Be動(dòng)詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù),was是表示單數(shù),were是表示復(fù)數(shù).2 .實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式,否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和does的過(guò)去式did.肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去

8、式+其它否認(rèn)句式:主語(yǔ)+didnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其它【didnot=didn4t一般疑問(wèn)句:Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它do,does的過(guò)去時(shí)均為did?注：1.did和didn、是構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞,其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動(dòng)詞的原形.3 .實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的一般過(guò)去時(shí)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.用yesterday改寫(xiě)句子Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ididntdomyhomeworkyesterday.否認(rèn)句Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididnt.一般疑問(wèn)句3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般

9、過(guò)去時(shí)與含有Be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí),是十分相似,請(qǐng)注意觀察.肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+其它否認(rèn)句式:主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+其它.一般疑問(wèn)句:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它？注:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式:can-could,maymight,mustmust,will-wou1d,shou1d-shouId.4 .特殊疑問(wèn)句式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do/does過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？Whatwasyourformername?你以前叫什么名字？WhywashelateforschoollastMonday?上星期一他為什么遲到

10、?Whatcouldshedotwentyyearsago?20年前她能做什么?規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1 .一般情況下,在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-ed.look-*lookedplayplayedstartfstartedvisit-*visitedpull-pulled,cook-cooked2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾直接加-d.live-*liveduse-*usedtaste-tasted3 .以一輔音字母+y|結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y改為i,再加-edostudyfstudiedtry-*triedflyflied4 .以重讀閉音節(jié)即輔音+元音+輔音或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,要先

11、雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母后,再加-edostopfstoppedplan-plannedstopstoppedpreferfpreferred5 .不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶.如：amis-was,are-were是,become_became成為go-went走根本用法表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Hesuddenlyfellilllastnight.他昨晚忽然病倒了.表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatalkedbytheriverside.我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常在河邊散步.表達(dá)過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事Shegot

12、upearly,fetchedwater,cleanedtheroomandthenwentoutforawalk.她早早起床,提水,清掃房間然后出去散步.【練習(xí)】一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. HeliveinWuxitwoyearsago.2. Thecateatabirdlastnight.3. We(have)apartylastHalloween.4. Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5. I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.6. They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPEless

13、on.7. Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8. Thegirls(dance)atthepartylastnight.9. I(watch)acartoononSaturdaylastweek.10. you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?11. he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.12. GaoShan(put)upthepicturelastnight.13. I(sweep)theflooryesterday.14. Whatshe(find)inthegardenla

14、stmorning?15. Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.16. Mike(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.17. Ilistenedbut(hear)nothing.18. Howmanypeople(be)thereinyourclasslastterm?按要求變換句型.1. Frankreadaninterestingbookabouthistory.(一般疑I、可句)Frankaninterestingbookabouthistory?2. Hecleanedhisroomjustnow.(劃線提問(wèn))Whath

15、e?3. ThomasspentRMB10onthisbook.(否認(rèn)句)ThomasRMB10onthisbook.4. Myfamilywenttothebeachlastweek.(劃線提問(wèn))familylastweek?1. I(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2. she(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she3. WhatTom(do)onSaturdayevening?He(watch)TVand(read)aninterestingbook.4. Theyall(go)tothemountainsyesterdaym

16、orning.5. She(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She(stay)athomeand(do)somecleaning.6. Whenyou(write)thissong?I(write)itlastyear.7. Myfriend,Carol,(study)forthemathtestand(practice)Englishlastnight.8. Mr.Li(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he.9. How(be)Jim,sweekend?It(benot)bad.10. (be)yourmotherasalesassi

17、stantlastyear?No.she三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為.構(gòu)成:be+現(xiàn)在分詞.be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致.【注】動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)那么1 .一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞后加-ing,如：work-workingstudy-studying2 .動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的一e結(jié)尾,要去-e加-ing,如：make-makingdance-dancing3 .重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞,要雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母,再加-ing,如：put-puttingbegin-beginning4 .以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把一ie變成y再加一ing,如：lie-lyingtie-tyin

18、g寫(xiě)出以下動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式danceshopplayspeakhaveworkwritetakestudysitsingswimlie變化：肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否認(rèn)句式：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.一般疑問(wèn)句:Be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的答復(fù),它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況答復(fù).用法(包括高級(jí)用法)：1,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Pleasedontmakesomuchnoise.Im

19、writingacomposition.不要吵鬧.我正在寫(xiě)作文.Letssetoff.Itisn41rainingnow.咱們出發(fā)吧.現(xiàn)在不下雨了.這類(lèi)情況常與now現(xiàn)在,atthepresent現(xiàn)在,atthemoment現(xiàn)在,today今天,thisweek這個(gè)星期,thisyear今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài),如:Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn).孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球.Hurryup!Weareallwaitingforyou.

20、快點(diǎn)！我們大家都等著你.Look!Theyarereadingoverthereunderthetree.看！他們?cè)谀沁叺臉?shù)底下看書(shū).Listen!Sheissingingintheroom.聽(tīng)！她在房間里唱歌.WhereisKate?Sheisreadingintheroom.凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書(shū).Whyareyoucrying?Issomethingwrong?為什么哭呢？有什么不對(duì)？2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作.Theyarecompilingadictionary.他們?cè)?/p>

21、編一本詞典.這類(lèi)情況常與today今天,thisweek這個(gè)星期,thisevening今天晚,thesedays現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)方案將要作的動(dòng)作.TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約.Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？這類(lèi)情況常與come來(lái),go去,leave離開(kāi),depart離開(kāi),arrive到達(dá),stay逗留,start開(kāi)始等動(dòng)詞連用.所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)必須是人.4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩.Hesalwaysquarr

22、ellingwithothers.他老喜歡跟別人吵架.Sheisconstantlyworryingabouthersonshealth.她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)憂著.Theboyisforeveraskingquestions.那個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題.這類(lèi)情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,constantly經(jīng)常的,forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用.5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情.Howareyoufeelingtoday?(Howdoyoufeeltoday?)你今天感覺(jué)如何?Iamlooking(look)f

23、orwardtoyournextvisit.我盼望你下次再來(lái).Whyareyoulooking(doyoulook)sosad?為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一逐漸II的含義.此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的.Ourstudyisbecomingmoreinteresting.我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了.Theleavesareturningred.樹(shù)葉漸漸地變紅了.Thewarisending.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了.Waitamoment;Iamfinishingmysupper.等一會(huì)兒,我的晚飯就要吃完To適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有:b

24、et/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開(kāi)始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等.7,-beII動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).一beII動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.Heisbeingfoolish.他在裝傻.Heisbeinghonest.他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí).Sheisbeingrude.她成心表現(xiàn)粗魯.Icantunderstandwhyheisbeingsoselfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私.適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,

25、careful細(xì)心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯?shù)?polite禮貌的,impolite無(wú)禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞.一beII動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為,純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí),-beII動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)如：Iamhappy.表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用ambeing我很快樂(lè).Hestired.表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用isbeing他很疲倦.Itshottoday.主語(yǔ)不是人,不可用isbeing今天很熱.【練習(xí)】填空題1. MrZhengreadabooknow.2. Therabbits(jump)

26、now.3. .Look!TomandJohn(swim).4. Mybrother(make)akiteinhisroomnow.5. Look!Thebus(stop).6. We(have)anEnglishclassnow.7. Listen!Someoneis(come).8. They(catch)butterfliesnow.9. He(do)anexperimentnow.10. They(collect)stampsnow.11. Look!He(dive)now.12. Tom(watch)TVinthediningroom.13. Thedoctors(get)offth

27、ebus.14. Comeon.They(leave)now.15. It(eat)fishnow.16. Myfather(work)intheofficenow.17. Whereisyourmother?She(answer)thephone.18. Theteachersrunnow.二、按要求改寫(xiě)句子1 .Theboyisplayingbasketball.否認(rèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句:肯定答復(fù):否認(rèn)答復(fù):對(duì)Theboy提問(wèn):2 .造句：1） .she,thewindow,open,now.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.2） .is,who,thewindow,cleaning?連詞成句3） .She

28、isclosingthedoornow.改成否認(rèn)句4） Youaredoingyourhomework.用“I作主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子5） .they,thetree,sing,now,under.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.6） .TheYoungPioneersarehelpingtheoldwoman.改成一般疑問(wèn)句四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):一概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作.二結(jié)構(gòu):were/were+V-ing.三標(biāo)志詞：1. atthis/thattime,2. atthis/thattimeyesterdaylastnight/Sunday/week,3. at+點(diǎn)鐘+yeste

29、rdaylastnight/Sunday,4. whensb/sth.didsth.lastevening5. thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while等.例如：Iwasmakingfruitsaladatthistime.Theywerestudyingfrom8:00to11:00yesterday.四一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句、否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句及簡(jiǎn)略答復(fù).1 .肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing+其它.IwaswatchingTVatthattimelastnight.2 .否認(rèn)句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+V-ing+其它,Iwasnot

30、watchingTVatthattimelastnight.3 .一股疑問(wèn)句：was/were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing+其它？-WereyouwatchingTVatthattimelastnight?肯定答復(fù)：Yes,Iwas.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：o,Iwasnt.4 .特殊問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing+其它？-Whatwereyoudoingatatthattimelastnight?五根本用法：1 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情.用介詞短語(yǔ)和從句來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)IwassleepingatthistimelastSunday.過(guò)去某時(shí)亥ljMymotherwascook

31、ingdinnerat9:00yesterday.過(guò)去某時(shí)亥ljWewerehavingsupperwhenTomcamein.我們正在吃晚飯時(shí)響了？從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)2 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或事情.thewholemorning,allday,fromninetoten,while,when等.Lucywasworkingallday.過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間WewerewatchingTVfromsevenoclocktonineoclocklastnight.3 .在復(fù)合從句中,從句和主句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性或同時(shí)發(fā)生,那么主從句都要過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).Whilehewaswaitingf

32、orthebus,hewasresdingnewspaper.他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào).兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他洗車(chē)時(shí)我在做飯.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行六when和while的用法區(qū)別when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指一段時(shí)間.因此when在狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以終止性動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞while只指一段時(shí)間.while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.when說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí),也可以是先后生；while那么強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句.后用一般過(guò)去時(shí).While后面一般

33、用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候,多用while引導(dǎo),a.Whentheteachercamein,weweretalking.=Whileweweretalking,theteachercamein.b.Theyweresingingwhileweweredancing.【練習(xí)】1. Iat8:00yesterday.A. wassleepinglateB. sleptlateC. sleeplate2. Theyatthistime.A. talkingonthephoneB. weretalkingonthephoneB.wastalkingonthe

34、phone3.Lilywasstandinginfrontofthelibrary.A.twohoursagoB.tomorrowC. atthattimeyesterday4. IwhentheUFOarrived?A. wascuttinghairB. wascuttinghairC. cuttinghair5.Myfatherwasreadingnewspapermymotherwascookingdinner.A. whenB. whileC. what6. Mybrotherwhilehehisbicycleandhurthimself.A. fell,wasridingB. fel

35、l,wereridingC. fell,rode7. IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.Sheataradioshopatthetime.A.worked8. wasworking.Cisworking8. whatwereyoudoingatsevenoclocklastSunday?1theshower.A. wasgettingoutofB. gotoutofC. wasgetoutof9. Imybreakfastwhenthebellrang.A. hadB. washavingC. amhaving10ThereportersaidthattheUFOeastt

36、owestwhenhesawit.1. wastraveling8. traveled9. traveling11. Whatsthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.liOh,nothingmuch,infact,Iofmyfriendsbackhome.A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinking12. Whatfromthreetofouryesterdayafternoon?A.haveyoudoneB.didyoudoC.wereyoudoing13. 1calledyouyesterdayevening,butt

37、herewasnoanswer.Oh,I?msorryIdinneratmyfriendshome.A. hadB. washavingC. have14. MymotherwhilemyfatherTV.A. cooked,waswatchingB. wascooking,waswatchingC. cooked,watched15. whenIgothome,mysonthemusic.A.amlisteningB. listenedtoC. waslistening二、動(dòng)詞填空.1. John(work)alldayyesterday.2. He(walk)homewhentherain

38、(begin).3. Whatyou(do)attenoclockyesterday?I(study)inclass.4. WhileHarry(have)breakfast,Lilytelephonedhim.5. I(write)aletterattenlastnight.6. Itwassix.TheGreens(have)supper.7. Whenyou(knock)atthedooryesterday,I(do)somewashing.8. Whilemymother(watch)TV,I(make)akite.9. you(feed)theanimalsat5:00yesterd

39、ayafternoon?10. MrsGreen(notwash)clothesatthistimelastSaturday.三、按要求改寫(xiě)句子.1. IwasgettingoutofbedwhentheUFOlanded.(對(duì)劃線局部提問(wèn))youwhentheUFOlanded?2. Theyplayedtennisyesterdayafternoon.用at5:00yesterdayafternoon改寫(xiě)句子Theytennisat5:00yesterdayafternoon.3. Whileitwasraining,theplanetookoff.改為同義句Itwasrainingthe

40、planeoff.4. 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘我爸爸在看報(bào)紙.Myfatheranewspaperat8:00yesterdayevening.5. 響時(shí),我媽媽在做晚飯.Mymotherwhenthephone.6. 當(dāng)外星人買(mǎi)紀(jì)念品時(shí),我報(bào)了警.thealienwasbuyingasuvenir,Ithepolice.7. Iwaswashingmyshoesatthattime.改為一般問(wèn)句yourshoesatthattime?五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).一構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+have/has+V過(guò)去分詞.一have/ha

41、sII如何使用需記清.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I,you和復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)要用have;單數(shù)主語(yǔ)后跟has.也就是說(shuō)have/has需同主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)或數(shù)保持一致.二用法接觸一:肯定句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是一havehas+過(guò)去分詞II.如：Wehavejustfinishedourhomework.Shehasgonehome.注意：1該句式中的have或has是助動(dòng)詞,has用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),其它人稱(chēng)一律用haveo2該句式中havehas和過(guò)去分詞之間可用just插入.3把該句式譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往用一已經(jīng)II、一剛剛II、一過(guò)II或一了II等.接觸二:疑問(wèn)句式現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句式是把助動(dòng)詞have或ha

42、s提到主語(yǔ)之前.如： Haveyoureadthisstorybookyet?特殊疑問(wèn)句及反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)如下： Whathaveyoudonewithmybike? Youvereadthisstorybook,haventyou?注意：D現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句往往在句末加yeto2把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),往往譯成一過(guò)嗎？II、一已經(jīng)了嗎？II等.3其肯定答復(fù)用一Yes,.havehas.II,否認(rèn)答復(fù)用No,.haven,thasn,t.II,有時(shí)用一No,notyet.II或一No,never.II.接觸三:否認(rèn)句式:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否認(rèn)句式是一haventhasnt+過(guò)去分詞II

43、.如： Wehaven51studiedUnit2yet.Thetrainhasn,tstoppedyet.注意:1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否認(rèn)句句末往往加yeto2否認(rèn)句常譯為一還沒(méi)有II等.接觸四：用法之一:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.如：Haveyoureadthatstory?你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？一讀II這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是:是否知道故事的內(nèi)容.Ihaveboughttwoapples.我買(mǎi)了兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果.一買(mǎi)II這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:擁有兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果.在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí),還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的兒個(gè)副is：already,just

44、,ever,yet,neveralready,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中.如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了.Hehasjusthadhismeal.他剛吃過(guò)飯.HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong?你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？Theyhaventstartedyet.他們還沒(méi)有動(dòng)身.Wehaveneverheardofit.我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事.接觸五:用法之二:表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).注:這一用法即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法由于表示的是持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),

45、所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:be,stay,study,wait,keep,have等;使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since引導(dǎo),但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段,指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,如forthreeyears,forhalfanhour等.since作介詞,后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),如since1980,也可以接一一段時(shí)間+agoII,如：sincethreeyearsago,sincetwomonthsago等0since還可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句.如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewenttocollege.非

46、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for或since連用,但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如：comefbe,cometobein/at,gooutfbeout,leavebeaway,begin/startbeon,stop-beover,buy-have,borrow-keep,open-*beopen,close-*beclosed,join-*beamemberof,die-*bedead,catchacold-haveacold,gettoknow-*know,becomeateacherbeateacher,fallasleepbeasleep,fallill-

47、beill等.句型Itisthefirst(second,third.)timethat.的that從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)幾次.如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.接觸六:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比擬現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去.試比擬：Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了.(說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況:飛機(jī)在這兒.)Theplanearrivedaquarterofanhourago.飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前抵達(dá)的.(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去.)接觸七：havebeenin,

48、havebeento與havegoneto的用法1. have(has)beenin意為一已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間II,常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了.TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了.2. have(has)beento意為一曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地II,表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了.可與just,ever,never等連用.如：rvejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛剛?cè)ム]局了.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)

49、去過(guò)杭州嗎？MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城.3. have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù),表示去過(guò)某地幾次.如：rvebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過(guò)北京三次.Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好兒次了.4. have(has)goneto意為一到某地去了II,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中.總之,說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),一般不用第一、第二人稱(chēng)代詞作句子的主語(yǔ).如:一WhereisTom?湯姆在哪里?一Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書(shū)店去了.接觸八

50、:常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了我們講過(guò)的already,yet,still,just,ever,never,since短語(yǔ)和for短語(yǔ)外,還有許多時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),我們要留心將它們和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái):1. lately,recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；justnow有amomentago之意,是過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).如：Haveyouheardfromyourfamilylately/recently?DidyouseeJoanjustnow?2. inthepastfewyears意思是一過(guò)去幾年來(lái)II,常用于完成時(shí)中；inthepast意思是一在過(guò)去II,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)

51、中.如:Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepastfewyears.Wheredidyouworkinthepast?3. eversincethen與fromthenon/afterthat都有一打那以后II之意,但前者常用于完成時(shí),而后兩者常用于過(guò)去時(shí)如：Sheslivedhereeversincethen.IdidnthearofJimfromthenon/afterthat.4. before通常用于完成時(shí);.ago通常用于過(guò)去時(shí).如：IhaveneverbeentoJapanbefore.ShewenttoJapantwoyears

52、ago.5. sofar一到目前為止II,thesedays這些天來(lái)II也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).如:Sofar,nomanhastravelledfartherthanthemoon.Whathaveyoudonethesedays?接觸八:過(guò)去分詞有規(guī)那么與不規(guī)那么兩種.規(guī)那么的變化形式與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式一樣.不規(guī)那么就需要記憶了不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞A.原型:過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全不同drinkdrankdrunkringrangrungswimswamswumsingsangsungsinksanksunkgivegavegivenhidehidhiddendodiddonesee

53、sawseenB.過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞完全相同brightbroughtbroughtthinkthoughtthoughtfightfoughtfoughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtsellsoldsoldC.原型與過(guò)去分詞相同comecamecomerunranrunbecomebecamebecomeD.原形與過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全相同castcastcastcutcutcutputputputletletletsetsetsethithithit【練習(xí)】一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.1. Inever(speak)toaforeigner.2. Tom(

54、return)thelibrarybook?-Yes,hehas.3. Whenhe(return)it?Halfanhourago.二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換以下各句,每空一詞.1、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(改為否認(rèn)句)Hefinishedhishomework.2. Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready.改為一般疑問(wèn)句,并作否認(rèn)回答theythelostbooks?No,they.3. Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet.改為肯定句Juliahomefromschool.4. Youhaveneverbee

55、ntoShanghaibefore,?改為反意疑問(wèn)句5. HesgonetoBeijing,?改為反意疑問(wèn)句6. MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.改為同義句MrWangEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.7. Hehasntlefthomefor3days.同義句Hehomefor3days.三、選擇正確答案.1.一WhoisMary?Isawyoutalkingwithheratthemeeting.A.Dontyoumeetheryet8. DidntyoumetheryetC. HaventyoumetheryetD. Hadntyoumetheryet()2.-HowdoyoulikeBeijing,MrBlack?一Oh,Isuchabeautifulcity.A. dontvisitB. didn,tvisitC. haven,tvisitedD. hadn,tvisited()3.Theoldpeoplelonelyatallsince