2018高考英語II卷英語：閱讀理解D詳解(北京四中詳解)

1、2018 高考英語II 卷英語： 閱讀理解D詳解 （北京四中詳解）北京四中高三英語教研室整理真題呈現(xiàn)（ 2018全國高考英語II 閱讀理解D）We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smart phones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What's the problem?

2、It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself amongs trangers,considerthat small talk i

3、s worththe trouble .Experts say it's an invaluable social practicethat results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease （潤滑 劑 ）for soci

4、al communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast ."Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, "he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with other

5、s, not just communicate with them. ”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.One group was asked to seek out an interaction（ 互動(dòng) ） with its waiter, the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those w

6、ho chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "it's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband. ” says Dunn ."But interactions with peripheral （ 邊緣的）members of our social network matter for o

7、urwell-being also. ”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others.Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk."Small talk is the basis of good manners, ” he says.研習(xí)真題，助力英語學(xué)習(xí)，2018全國高考英語閱讀

8、理解深度解析32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smart phonesB.Inappropriate behaviours in public placesC. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good mann

9、ers.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people's confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the be

10、st title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence研習(xí)真題，助力英語學(xué)習(xí)，2018全國高考英語閱讀理解深度解析正確答案C B D C答案解析本文屬于議論文。文章圍繞淡忘或者把閑聊視為不重要的事情，但是閑聊 ( small talk ) 是社會(huì)人際交往的潤滑劑，能給予我們歸屬感，與他人建立一種聯(lián)系，并給我們帶來巨大的收獲。主要采用引用別人觀點(diǎn)來例證觀點(diǎn)的論證方法。32.What phenomenon is

11、described in the first paragraph? 第一對智能手機(jī)的依賴。段描述了什么現(xiàn)象？A. Addiction to smart phonesB.Inappropriate behaviours in public places 公共場所不當(dāng)行為。C. Absence of communication between strangers. 陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D. Impatience with slow service慢服務(wù)使人不耐煩。題目給出的可利用的信息in the first paragraph ，充分說明本題要定位到第一段。題目中的疑問詞What phenome

12、non ，暗示題目考查段落在文章中的篇章功能。從全文的主旨和行文思路，可以知道：本文屬于議論文。首段介紹當(dāng)前存在的現(xiàn)象，后面段落圍繞現(xiàn)象展開議論。既然首段引入話題，那么思考可以從兩個(gè)角度入手：首先，從全文考慮，核心話題為small talk ， 那么與其相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)C（Absenceof communication between strangers. 陌生人之間缺乏溝通）則入選。 其次， 從本段分析，找到本段的關(guān)鍵信息：worse, struggling withthe uncomfortable silence. 認(rèn)真體會(huì)silence ，答案可以得出。此外，雖然題目提供in the fir

13、st paragraph 的定位信息，但第一段的文字是列舉具體的現(xiàn)象，而問題需要概括現(xiàn)象。仔細(xì)觀察會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn):第二段的首句為過渡句，它以疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)，它恰好就是本題的另一種呈現(xiàn)。這一句的具體回答為第二段后面的文字，后面的核心信息為“ conversation ”。選項(xiàng)C與其相吻合，所以入選。33. What is important for successful small talk according toCarducci? 卡杜西認(rèn)為，什么是成功閑聊的重要因素？A. Showing good manners. 表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B. Relating to other people. 與他

14、人有關(guān)。C. Focusing on a topic. 專注于一個(gè)主題。D. Making business deals 做商業(yè)交易。本題屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息理解題。從題目中的according to Carducci 和important for successful small talk 要求和暗示，定位到第三段。選取人物言論是引用論證的方法。論據(jù)用來證明觀點(diǎn)的。那么我們找的方向應(yīng)該是本段的觀點(diǎn)性語句?？梢詮恼Z句"but we can't forgetthat deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't

15、 forcasual conversation. Small talk is the grease （潤滑劑 ）forsocial communication." 以及“ The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. ”分析思考。尤其 The key to successful small talk 和 What is important for successful small talk是信息對應(yīng)。The key to

16、successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them （成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)如何與他人溝通，而不僅僅是與他們溝通）的表述是B項(xiàng)的具體表述。34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?這家咖啡店的對閑聊的研究暗示了什么？A. It improves family relationships. 它能改善家庭關(guān)系。B. It raises people's confidence. 它

17、提高了人們的信心。C. It matters as much as a formal talk. 這項(xiàng)的和正式會(huì)談一樣重要。D. It makes people feel good. 它使人們感覺良好。題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。記住細(xì)節(jié)和例子往往是為觀點(diǎn)和主旨服務(wù)的。suggest 這個(gè)題目所給信息，此題不在于考查例子，而在于考查學(xué)生對于主旨的理解與理解。從題目所給信息定位到第四段和第五段，此段的關(guān)鍵語句：.people who reach out to strangers feel asignificantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with other

18、s中的 feel a significantly greater sense of belonging與 B. Itraises people's confidence 屬于同意置換，故選B.35. What is the best title for the text?這篇課文的最佳標(biāo)題是什么？A. Conversation Counts 談話的重要性B. Ways of Making Small Talk 閑聊的方式C. Benefits of Small Talk 閑聊的好處D. Uncomfortable Silence 不舒服的沉默本題為總結(jié)概括題，要求選出文章最佳題目。我們可以找文章主題句，也可以找話題“small talk ”和核心信息“communication ”則該題便可迎刃而解。但一定緊扣主旨，不要糾結(jié)于細(xì)節(jié)。辨析時(shí)要充分體會(huì) counts,ways 和 benefits 的區(qū)別，從全文角度體會(huì)，便會(huì)排除B和D。 A和 C的甄別是此題的難點(diǎn)。雖然