2020版高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練五含解析

1、專題強(qiáng)化練（五）閱讀七選五Passage1（2019山東臨沂高三模擬）ThemanwhocouldseethefutureTheabilitytopredictthefutureisararetalent.AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov（19201992） ,oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.1_Nowthatwerehere,letsseewhathegotright.2_Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletothein

2、dustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury.Specifically,hesaidthat“mobilecomputerizedobjects“wouldbeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.Here,heclearlypredictedourworldofsmartphones,tablesandotherdevices.Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration.3_HowdidAsimovdevelophisspecialsenseoffuturedevelopments?_4_Herea

3、dthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparentscandystore.HisscientificinterestgainedsharperfocusatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Asimovwenttostudychemistry,butbecameboredwithpurelaboratoryscience.Instead,hethoughthardaboutthesocialimplications（作用）ofscience.Hewantedtocommunicatehisideastothepublic._5_Asimov

4、hadhisfingeronthepulse（脈搏）ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries（銀河帝國(guó)系列）.HispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinatingCalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.Hewasagenius.A. Asasmartboy,Asimovtaughthimselftoreadattheage

5、offive.B. Spaceexplorationreallycanmakeourlifemoreconvenientandcomfortable.C. Backin1983,hewasaskedtopredictwhattheworldwouldlooklikein2019.D. Ontherolethatcomputingwouldplayinthefuture,hewasamazinglyaccurate.E. Asimovhasdevelopedagreatinterestincomputerprogrammingsincechildhood.F. Asanauthor,hisboo

6、kswouldfeaturethethemeofsocialchangecausedbytechnology.G. TheInternationalSpaceStationproveshispredictionthatwewouldnotsimplyvisitspacebutseektostaythere.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了科幻大師阿西莫夫和他的預(yù)言的準(zhǔn)確性以及他是如何培養(yǎng)他對(duì)未來(lái)發(fā)展的特殊意識(shí)的。1.解析：由aAmericanauthorIsaacAsimov（19201992） ,oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,ha

7、dsuchatalent.1_Nowthatwerehere,letsseewhathegotright.”可知，美國(guó)作家艾薩克阿西莫夫（19201992）是他那個(gè)時(shí)代最偉大的科幻作家之一，他有這樣一種天賦。以及后文“讓我們看看他預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)了什么”可推知，空格處在本段中起承上啟下的作用。故 C 選項(xiàng)“早在 1983 年，他就被要求預(yù)測(cè) 2019 年的世界會(huì)是什么樣子”承上啟下。故 C 選項(xiàng)切題。答案：C2.解析：由“Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentu

8、ry”可知，阿西莫夫認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)將引發(fā)一場(chǎng)與 19 世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命相當(dāng)?shù)母锩?，根?jù)第一段可知，下面是講阿西莫夫預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)果，故 D 選項(xiàng)“關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)在未來(lái)將所扮演的角色。他驚人準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)了”是說(shuō)明他預(yù)測(cè)的計(jì)算機(jī)的結(jié)果，與本段內(nèi)容符合，故 D 選項(xiàng)切題。答案：D3.解析：由“Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration”可知，關(guān)于太空探索，他也預(yù)測(cè)了。所以空格處要接著說(shuō)他預(yù)言的結(jié)果。故 G 選項(xiàng)“國(guó)際空間站證明了他的預(yù)言，我們不僅要拜訪太空，還要設(shè)法留在那里”與太空探索相關(guān)，且是預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。故 G 選項(xiàng)切題。答案：G4.解析： 由“Hereadthenews

9、papersandmagazinessoldinhisparentscandystore”可知， 他讀了父母糖果店出售的報(bào)紙和雜志。所以空格處要與下一句一起來(lái)說(shuō)明阿西莫夫是如何培養(yǎng)他對(duì)未來(lái)發(fā)展的特殊意識(shí)的。故 A 選項(xiàng)“作為一個(gè)聰明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始自學(xué)”承上啟下。故 A 選項(xiàng)切題。答案：A5.解析：由“Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse（脈搏）ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGa

10、lacticEmpireseries（銀河帝國(guó)系列）.Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating,CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.Hewasagenius.（阿西莫夫?qū)⑹种阜旁诳茖W(xué)和社會(huì)變革的脈搏上。他在銀河帝國(guó)系列等作品中清楚地呈現(xiàn)了人類即將面臨的困境。英國(guó)作家卡魯姆蔡斯對(duì)英國(guó)廣播公司說(shuō)：“他是個(gè)天才。”）可知，本段主要在說(shuō)作為一名作家，他的書以科技引起的社會(huì)變革為主題，故 F選項(xiàng)“作為一名作家，他的書以科技引起的社會(huì)變革為主題”是本段主題句。故 F 選項(xiàng)切題。答案：FPassage2（2019河南新鄉(xiāng)高三質(zhì)量檢

11、測(cè)）WhyStandinLineonBlackFriday?Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Atrestaurant._1_ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed（認(rèn)領(lǐng)）weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets._2_“Thesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusu

12、alannoyingoneswecomeacrossdaytodayattheATMorinthesubway；saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratMITwhohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.Onceayear,“hesaid,“thelinesareexciting.Theyrethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.”3_BillieLeClere,45,wasfirstinlineonThursdayatWalmartinManchester,Iowa.Shesaidshewasare

13、gularBlackFridayshopper.Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.Sheandherhusbandhadrecentlyseparated,andhehadtakentheoldTVearlierthatday.Themarriagedied,nottheTV,“shesaid._4_Itsgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthatsneweranditsmine,nothis.”_5_Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.Th

14、e“gottahaveit”atmospheremakespeoplemoreanxious.Sometimesthebehaviourofthequeueturnsviolent.Therefore,linestestpatience,personalspaceespeciallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming（勢(shì)不可擋的）.A.Shoppersareexcitedtobuygifts.B.ButonBlackFriday,itsanexperience.C. Moreover,thecrowdsarequeuingforgoodde

15、als.D. Manyfamiliesarequeuingtochatwitheachother.E.Theexperiencegaveherasenseofaccomplishment.F.Theyaretryingtoturntheexperienceintoanadventure.GThebehaviourofpeopleinlineshasinspireddecadesofresearch.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了人們?yōu)槭裁匆诤谏瞧谖迮抨?duì)。1 .解析：根據(jù)前面Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.A

16、tarestaurant.（排隊(duì)是一種痛苦。在郵局、在售票處、在餐館），可知，這里為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。但在黑色星期五，這是一種體驗(yàn)。故選Bo答案：B2 .解析：根據(jù)前面“ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed（認(rèn)領(lǐng)）weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.”所舉的百思買和theboxoffice.At沃爾瑪兩個(gè)例子可知，他們（購(gòu)買者）試圖把這次

17、經(jīng)歷變成一次冒險(xiǎn)。故選 F。答案：F3.解析：根據(jù)后面舉的例子及Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.（但今年，她帶著一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)來(lái)了：買一臺(tái)便宜的新電視。）中的關(guān)鍵詞 agooddeal 提示可知，此外，人們正在排隊(duì)買便宜貨。故選Q答案：C4 .解析：根據(jù)前句“Themarriagedied,nottheTV,shesaid.（她說(shuō)：婚姻結(jié)束了，而不是電視。“）和后句Itsgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthatsnewer-anditsmine,nothis.（要是能有個(gè)新鮮點(diǎn)

18、的東西就好了而且是我的，不是他的）可知，這次（購(gòu)物）經(jīng)歷給了她一種成就感。故選 E。答案：E5 .解析：這里是本段的主題句。根據(jù)后句Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.”下面是兩個(gè)典型的結(jié)果，可知，排隊(duì)的人的行為引起了幾十年的研究。故選 G答案：GPassage3（2019山東青島高三模擬）Weallhavedays,orevenweeks,onthejobwhenourproductivitydeclines.Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyourewastingtim

19、eratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand._1_TurnoffyourcellphoneIfyoureeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone._2_.Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.OrganizeyourcalendarItseasytowastetimewhenyoudonthaveapresetscheduleoutliningyourdaysatwork.Butifyoureguiltyofnotmaximizingyourtimeattheoffice,

20、itllhelptocreateadailycalendarwithblocksoftimeforvarioustasks.Organizeyourspace3.Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.Throwawaypapersyoudontneed,fileessentialdocumentsinsomesortoforder,andmakeyoursuppliesmoreaccessible.BuildinbreaksSometimeswewastetimeatworkbytalkingtocolleagues,chec

21、kingtextmessages,orsurfingtheinternetbecauseourmindsneedabreakfromtheconstantwork.Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyoudbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise._4Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenoticeandthatsagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobat

22、risk._5_Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.A. Askyourmanagerforpermissiontousehisoffice.B. Hereareafewstepsyoucantaketostopwastingtimeatwork.C. Instead,cleanupyouractandkeepsearchingforwaystobemoreefficient.D. Givefamilymembersandclosefriendsawaytoreachyouinanemergency.E. Conversationsintheofficearef

23、armoreinterestingthantheworkyouaredoing.F. Amessyworkplacecanmakeyouinefficientevenwhenyouretryingtodobetter.GThisway,youllgetthatneedoutofyoursystemsoyoucanthengobacktoconcentrating.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇社會(huì)類說(shuō)明文。工作效率太低怎么辦？試試這 4 種方法。1.解析：根據(jù)前句Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyourewastingt

24、imeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.”但如果你的產(chǎn)出效率在持續(xù)下降，可能是因?yàn)槟阍诶速M(fèi)時(shí)間而非專注于手頭上的重要工作，及下文內(nèi)容可知，這里為承上啟下句，這有一些建議可以使你在工作中減少時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)。故選Bo答案：B2.解析：根據(jù)前句Ifyoureeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.（當(dāng)你不想在辦公室繼續(xù)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，那就關(guān)掉你的手機(jī)）和后句Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.（只在休息時(shí)間打開(kāi)手機(jī)），可知，在緊急情況下，給你的家人和親密的朋友一個(gè)聯(lián)系你的方法。

25、故選Do答案：D3.解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題 Organizeyourspace（整理你的空間），和后句Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.（如果你的辦公桌舌 1 糟糟的，擠出點(diǎn)時(shí)間把它整理一下），可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌亂的工作環(huán)境會(huì)讓你效率低下。故選 F。答案：F4.解析：根據(jù)前句Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyoudbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.”可知如果這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像你（的情況），那么你最好安排一些休息時(shí)間，這

26、樣，你就可以得到休息，同時(shí)也可以重新集中注意力。故選 G答案：G5.解析：根據(jù)前句Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenoticeandthatsagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.（你在工作中浪費(fèi)的時(shí)間越多，你的經(jīng)理和同事就越容易注意到這是一個(gè)傷害你聲譽(yù)和使你的工作處于危險(xiǎn)中的好方法），和后句Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.（這樣做可能會(huì)讓你從忙碌的夜晚中解脫出來(lái)）,可知，相反，清理你的行為，繼續(xù)尋找

27、更有效的方法。故選Co答案：CPassage4（2019深圳高三調(diào)研）LearntoCiteSources（引用資料）Duringyouruniversityeducation,youllbeexposedtoideasandscientifictheoriesofscholarsandscientists.Unavoidably,yourownideaswillbeshapedbytheideasyoucomeacross._1_Thatmeansyoushouldgobeyondwhatyoulearninyourtextbooksorinthelibrary.Youroriginalwo

28、rkisthebasisforyourprofessorsevaluationofyourperformance.Thus,academichonestyisfundamentalinyouruniversityeducation.Itdemandsthatyoucitethesourcematerialsyoubaseyourownworkon._2_Correctlycitingyoursourceshelpsyoudistinguishyourownideasfromthoseofotherscholars.Onthereadersside,itpermitsareadertodeter

29、minethedepthofyourresearch._3_Onthecontrary,lackofcitingwillonlyraiseyourreadersdoubt.Soyouneedtolearnwhentociteandhowtoprovideanadequateoraccuratereferencelist.Ifyoufailtociteyoursources,whetherdeliberatelyorcarelessly,youwillbefoundresponsibleforplagiarism（抄襲）._4_Ifyouarenotsure,askyourprofessorfo

30、rguidancebeforesubmittingthepaperorreport.Keepinmindthisgeneralrule:whenindoubt,cite!_5_Forexample,studentsfromEastAsiamaythinkthatcopyingdirectlyfromsourcesistheproperwaytodoresearch.StudentsinFrance,preparingforthefinalexamination,maybeencouragedtomemorizewholepassagesandcopythemintopapers.Thosecu

31、lturaldifferencescanleadtofalseassumptionsaboutacademicexpectationsinthecountryyoustudyin.A.Someuniversitystudentsmaycheatindifferentways.B.Theseincludeotherscholarsideas,figures,graphsandsoon.C. Theacademicchallengeyoufaceistomakesomethingoriginal.D. Often,studentswanttouseothersopinionstosupporttheirownessays.E.Italsoallowsareadertoappreciateyouroriginalcontributiontotheresearch.F.Forinternationalstude