高中定語從句課件-我喜歡-(1)復(fù)習(xí)課程

1、第一頁，共64頁。 一. 定語從句的基本(jbn)定義放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句(cn j)叫定語從句(cn j)。被修飾的名詞(mng c)或代詞叫先行詞。第二頁，共64頁。eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行先行(xinxng)詞詞關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代代詞詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行先行(xinxng)詞詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞第三頁，共64頁。Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The m

2、achine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)the machinea machinethat /which第四頁，共64頁。The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. The ladyis Green Who/that關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(dic)實(shí)際上代替的就是先行詞實(shí)際上代替的就是先行詞herwe saw yesterday 第五頁，共64頁。1.The boy is my brother.2.The boy is playing football.3.I like reading book

3、s.4.These books were written by Lu Xun.5.Mencius wrote a book.6.Many people have read it. 第六頁，共64頁。 二. 關(guān)系(gun x)詞的分類關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞代詞 2. 關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)副詞副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)系副詞有狀語，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why二. 關(guān)系詞的分類第七頁，共64頁。

4、三三. 關(guān)系代詞的基本關(guān)系代詞的基本(jbn)用法和注用法和注意點(diǎn)意點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(dic)的基本用法的基本用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞指代的先指代的先行詞行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分who人人主語、賓語主語、賓語whom人人賓語賓語which物物主語、賓語主語、賓語that人或物人或物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語whose人或物人或物定語定語第八頁，共64頁。 who指人指人,在定語在定語(dngy)從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person wh

5、o steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定語從句中作賓語在定語從句中作賓語(bny)，可省略。，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.who, whom第九頁，共64頁。 which 指物，在定語從句中作主語指物，在定語從句中作主語(zhy)或賓語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略?；蛸e語。作賓語時(shí)，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. which

6、第十頁，共64頁。He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語(bny)。作賓語。作賓語(bny)時(shí)，可省略。時(shí)，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.that第十一頁，共64頁。whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語在定語(dngy)從句中作從句中作定語定語(dngy) 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose paren

7、ts were killed in the great earthquake.whose第十二頁，共64頁。2. 關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1) that和和which都可以指物都可以指物(zh w)，但以下，但以下5種情況只能用種情況只能用that 不能用不能用which。當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行(xinxng)詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, s

8、ome, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時(shí)。如：等時(shí)。如：This is all that I want from the school.第十三頁，共64頁。當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行(xinxng)詞被最高級修飾時(shí)。如：詞被最高級修飾時(shí)。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行(xinxng)詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotte

9、n.當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行(xinxng)詞被詞被only, just, very, right, last等修飾時(shí)。如：等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.第十四頁，共64頁。(2) that和和who都可以都可以(ky)指人，但下面兩種情況指人，但下面兩種情況，多用，多用who。先行先行(xinxng)詞為詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時(shí)等時(shí)。如：。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行詞為先行詞為those, he和和people時(shí)。如：時(shí)。如：Th

10、ose who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.第十五頁，共64頁。(3) whose引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)(yndo)的定語從句注的定語從句注意點(diǎn)意點(diǎn)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞(mng c)，構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成名詞名詞(mng c)短語。短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞與它所修飾的名詞(mng c)一起可以作介詞的一起可以作介詞的賓語。如：賓語。如：The boss in whose department he wor

11、ked had heard the news.他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息。他工作所在部門的老板已經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)消息。第十六頁，共64頁。whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用of which代替代替(dit)，但，但語序不同，即語序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. who

12、se引導(dǎo)的定語引導(dǎo)的定語(dngy)從句，其先行詞既可以指從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。人也可以指物。第十七頁，共64頁。whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用of whom代替，但語序代替，但語序不同不同(b tn)，即，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.第十八頁，共64頁。(4) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句

13、的謂語動(dòng)詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱的人稱(rnchng)和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.第十九頁，共64頁。The scientist who we met ye

14、sterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1. 用定語從句用定語從句(cn j)合并句子合并句子第二十頁，共64頁。(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him

15、. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 第二十一頁，共64頁。(which/ that)who/ thatwhosewhich/ thatwho, that, whom, which, whose I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Y

16、esterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.第二十二頁，共64頁。1.The girl _is standing who/that鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)： 用適當(dāng)用適當(dāng)(shdng)的關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系詞填空填空第二十三頁，共64頁。 The family _ Im staying with lives in

17、town. I know the student _ article was published. Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?t

18、hatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略省略(shngl)第二十四頁，共64頁。根據(jù)(gnj)從句中的動(dòng)詞搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意：動(dòng)詞短語不能拆，即介詞注意：動(dòng)詞短語不能拆，即介詞(jic)不提前不提前我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。我照顧的那個(gè)老人好多了。The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介詞介詞(jic)+whom/which如何判斷介詞如何判斷介詞(jic)for第二十五頁，共64

19、頁。根據(jù)(gnj)從句中的形容詞搭配He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.如何如何(rh)判判斷介詞斷介詞with根據(jù)(gnj)先行詞與介詞搭配第二十六頁，共64頁。介詞(jic) + 關(guān)系代詞 = 關(guān)系副詞My grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.Kun Ming is a beautiful plac

20、e _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何如何(rh)判斷判斷介詞介詞in whichwhenin whichwhere第二十七頁，共64頁。The song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.He is the hero _ we are proud.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExe

21、rcise第二十八頁，共64頁。 Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor wh

22、ichfrom whomabout whomof which介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(dic)的使用的使用第二十九頁，共64頁。 先行詞是先行詞是the way，意為，意為“方式，方法方式，方法”時(shí)，引導(dǎo)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)(yndo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that/ in which或省略或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）第三十頁，共64頁。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(dic)as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)1. 先

23、行詞與先行詞與such, the same連用或先行詞本身就連用或先行詞本身就是是the same, such時(shí)，要用時(shí)，要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2. 代替整個(gè)句子，在從句代替整個(gè)句子，在從句(cn j)中作主語，而中作主語，而從句從句(cn j)位于句首時(shí)，要用位于句首時(shí)，要用as。As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.第三十一頁，共64頁。The earth is r

24、ound, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsItas的使用(shyng)/which 第三十二頁，共64頁。Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have.Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.asthatas的使用(shyng)第三十三頁，共64頁。五五. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副

25、詞(fc)when, where和和why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語時(shí)間狀語where表地點(diǎn)的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語why表原因的名詞表原因的名詞原因狀語原因狀語第三十四頁，共64頁。用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定語在定語從句從句(cn j)中作時(shí)間狀語，中作時(shí)間狀語，when可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which

26、) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when第三十五頁，共64頁。用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)(ddin)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)(ddin)狀語，狀語，where可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where

27、(= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where第三十六頁，共64頁。用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指原因，時(shí)，先行詞指原因，why在定語在定語(dngy)從句中作原因狀語，從句中作原因狀語，why可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which

28、) he was late for school.3. why第三十七頁，共64頁。4. 關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1)當(dāng)先行當(dāng)先行(xinxng)詞為詞為time，表示，表示“次數(shù)次數(shù)”時(shí)，應(yīng)用時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)point, situation, case等詞作先行詞表示等詞作先行詞表示“情況情況，境地，場合，境地，場合(chng h)”等意思時(shí)，其后常由等意思時(shí)，其后常由where

29、引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：在句中作狀語。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?第三十八頁，共64頁。鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)(linx)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon

30、whichwherein whichwhyfor which第三十九頁，共64頁。 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere第四十頁，共64頁。對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系(gun x)詞填空詞

31、填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)第四十一頁，共64頁。2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which)第四十二頁，共64頁。 The reason _ I dont know is kno

32、wn to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.第四十三頁，共64頁。 Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. I went to the place _ I visited ten y

33、ears ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave.when/ in which(that/which)where /in which(which/ that)why /for whichthat/ which及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(j w dn c)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(j w dn c)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(j w dn c)第四十四頁，共64頁。六六. 非限制性定語非限制性定語(dngy)從句從句1. 非限制性定語非限制性定語(dngy)從句的定從句的定義義非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說明非限制性定

34、語從句是對被修飾部分進(jìn)行附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散(sngsn)，因此常用逗，因此常用逗號隔開。不用號隔開。不用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)My watch, which is very old, stopped again.第四十五頁，共64頁。2.限制性定語限制性定語(dngy)從句與非限制性定語從句與非限制性定語(dngy)從句的從句的區(qū)別區(qū)別(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從(zh

35、cng)句之間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性句之間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性定語從句則不然。試比較：定語從句則不然。試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.第四十六頁，共64頁。(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，一般(ybn)用關(guān)用關(guān)系代詞系代

36、詞as或或which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系(gun x)代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語限制性定語(dngy)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語非限制性定語(dngy)從句則不能。從句則不能。第四十七頁，共64頁。(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞(jic)的賓語時(shí)，介詞的賓語時(shí)，介詞(jic)前可以有被介詞前可以有被介詞(jic)短語短語所修飾的詞。如：所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系

37、代詞還可以作介在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞詞(jic)的賓語。的賓語。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.第四十八頁，共64頁。3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as, which引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)(yndo)非限制定語從句時(shí)的非限制定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別區(qū)別(1)as和和which都可指主句的整個(gè)意思，而不是主句中都可指主句的整個(gè)意思，而不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。的某一個(gè)詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前

38、，又可在主句后，有時(shí)句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)(yush)還可插入主句中；還可插入主句中；而而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般置于主句之后。引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般置于主句之后。如：如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.第四十九頁，共64頁。(2) as多用于下列多用于下列(xili)習(xí)慣用語中習(xí)慣用語中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣正如人

39、人都能看到的那樣as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知(zhng su zhu zh)as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的第五十頁，共64頁。4. “介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(dngy)從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：從句，一般有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)名詞名詞+

40、介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞：代詞：They live in a house, the door of which faces south.(2)代詞代詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.第五十一頁，共64頁。(3)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞：代詞：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容詞比較

41、級形容詞比較級/最高級最高級+介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系(gun x)代詞：代詞：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.第五十二頁，共64頁。鞏固(gngg)練習(xí)第五十三頁，共64頁。1. I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers. A. which B. on which C. when D. what2. We were on the wa

42、y _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which CAABin which/ 第五十四頁，共64頁。3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday. The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday. A. how B. why C. that D. who4. Is this sch

43、ool _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the oneBCDAB第五十五頁，共64頁。5. This is _ he said at the meeting yesterday. This is all _ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how6. _ is reported

44、in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What CABAD第五十六頁，共64頁。7. It was such an easy question _ they could an

45、swer. It was such an easy question _ they could answer it. A. that B. as C. which D. what8. That is the house, _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, _ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. A. its B. its C. who

46、se D. of whichBACDB第五十七頁，共64頁。9. John said hed been working in the office for hours, _ was true. John said hed been working in the office for hours, but _ is not true. A. he B. it C. which D. who 10. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ died. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ dead.

47、A. two of whoB. two of whom C. two of themD. two of theyCBBC第五十八頁，共64頁。11. It was 1945 _ the World War II ended. It was in 1945 _ the World War II ended. A. that B. which C. when D. at which 12. Do you know the girl _ calling herself Miss Forgetful? Do you know the girl _ calls herself Miss Forgetful? A. who B. whom C. she D. /CADA第五