研究生英語課后習題整理

1、Unit 9-Text A aspiring fabulous lousy consolidate residency 有抱負的 極好的 討厭的 鞏固 住院實習期 exotic abrogate overdue enumerate gratification 異國的 廢除 過期的 列舉、計算 喜悅1. Washington decided to abrogate the “eternal” treaty with Frances current government and declared the United States neutral.華盛頓決定中止與法國現(xiàn)政府的“永恒的”條約，宣布美

2、國中立。2. He tried to consolidate his power, though, by putting forth policies that moderately that help the lower class.通過實施適度的政策，幫助下層階級，他試圖鞏固自己的權(quán)力。3. These works are fabulous and fascinating and have been seen by very few people.這些作品很精彩，很吸引人，很少有人看到。4. The essence of patience is the ability to delay t

3、he gratification of an appetite in favor of a greater ultimate reward.耐心的本質(zhì)是一種能在一個更大的終極獎勵中延遲滿足欲望的能力。5. Aspiring musicians must practice many hours a day to keep their good status before performances.有抱負的音樂家在表演前必須每天練習許多小時保持自己的良好狀態(tài)。6. An overdue library book has not been returned to the library, even

4、though the date on which it should have been returned has passed.逾期未歸還圖書館的圖書，即使已返回的日期已經(jīng)過去了。7. For me, China is an exotic faraway place, somewhere I would love to visit.對我來說，中國是一個遙遠的地方，我想去的地方。8. Its important to not feel lousy about every story we come across in tough times.對我們在艱難時期遇到的每一個故事不感到討厭很重要。9

5、. He would enumerate and review the steps of his reasoning so thoroughly that nothing could be omitted.他將徹底枚舉和審查他的推理的步驟，這樣，就沒有什么可以省略。10. How long a residency lasts depends on the chosen area of medicine.住院時間多長，取決于所選地區(qū)的藥物。1. This is the first game where we have looked like a championship contender af

6、ter so many years effort. 這是在這么多年的努力之后的第一場比賽，讓我們看起來像一個冠軍爭奪者。2. The press recorded its enthusiasm in a massive and lyrical outpouring of words and photographs that appeared prominently in hundreds of magazines and newspapers.新聞用大量抒情的文字和照片記錄它的熱情，醒目地出現(xiàn)在雜志和報紙上。3. I was frightened when I saw the gash in

7、her arm. She said the dog gave her a desirable nip when she came by.當我看見她臂上的傷口我害怕。她說這只狗在她進來時給了她理想的吻。4. As a decision maker in the company, hes always producing grandiose plans that can never work, so he was fired in the end.作為公司的決策者，他總是制造不能實現(xiàn)的宏偉計劃，所以他最終被解雇。5. After almost 30 minutes late, the meetin

8、g finally starts. The chairman led in with some apolitical words before his speech. 幾乎30分鐘后，會議終于開始了。主席先作了政治演講詞。6. He can be ruthless in getting what he wants, but I believe he dares not to kidnap children this time.他可以無情的得到他想要的東西，但我相信這次他不敢綁架孩子。7. Gene pattern is a structure, function, or attribute d

9、etermined by a gene or group of genes.基因模式是由一個基因或一組基因決定的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能或?qū)傩浴?. My husband loves adventurous life while I enjoy a more peaceful domestic life, so we always have conflicts with each other.我丈夫喜歡冒險的生活，而我卻享受著更安寧的生活，所以我們總是互相沖突。9. This groundbreaking project provides a greater understanding of how art

10、, science, culture, and technology influence each other.這一開創(chuàng)性的項目，更深入地了解藝術(shù)、科學、文化和技術(shù)對彼此的影響。10. He is widely admired for his sunny indignation and for his fortitude in licking an alcohol problem that threatened to end his career more than 12 years ago.他因他陽光般的憤怒和他在酒精問題上的毅力受到廣泛的稱贊， 這個問題在12多年前就威脅他結(jié)束了他的職業(yè)生

11、涯。The world is also full of people so ambitious, so consumed by drive and overdrive that nothing they pass on the to success has any value at all. Life becomes on long exercise in delayed; everything you do, youre doing only because it will one day get you where you want to be. Medical training is a

12、n excellent example of delayed gratification. You spend years in medical school doing things with no obvious relationship to your future as a doctor, and then you spend years in residency, living life on a miserable schedule, staying up all night and slogging through the day, telling yourself that o

13、ne-day all this will be over. Its what you have to do to become a doctor, but its a lousy model for life in general. Theres nothing wrong with a little delayed gratification every now and then, but a job you do only because of where it will get you-and not because you like it-means a life of mutteri

14、ng to yourself, “Someday this will be over.” This is bad for the disposition.這個世界同樣充斥著許許多多雄心勃勃的人們，他們往往過分專注于獲得成功，因此對奮斗路上的一切風景都視而不見。生活變成了一個被無限延長的苦役，你做任何事的目的都只是幫你達到成功的目標。醫(yī)學培訓便是一個需要長久修行才能獲得滿足感的絕佳例子。你要在醫(yī)學校花幾年的時間去做和成為一名醫(yī)生毫無關(guān)系的事情，然后再花幾年的時間去實習，熬過一段痛苦的時期，在這期間你要日以繼夜辛苦地工作，并安慰自己這一切總有一天會結(jié)束。這是成為一個醫(yī)生必經(jīng)的過程但對你的人生而言卻

15、是一種痛苦。偶爾經(jīng)歷一些遲來的滿足感并沒有什么不好，但如果你工作的目的只是因為它能幫你實現(xiàn)成功的愿望而不是因為你真心喜歡這個工作，那么你的生活中便充斥著這樣的念頭：“這種苦日子總會結(jié)束的”。這樣的生活狀態(tài)對人的性格發(fā)展是及其不利的。Unit 9-Text Brefrain treacherous haze proffer salient 克制、避免 奸詐的、叛逆的 陰霾 提供 著名的extirpate disrepute rudiment impugn assault 滅絕、破除 不光彩的 雛形 指責 攻擊1. The reality is this is yet another assaul

16、t on the dignity of the public and rights of the public.2. Suddenly, the singers eyes were full of haze and she sank down in a dead faint.3. Cornflakes, like Coca-Cola and French fries, became not only one of salient characteristics of American culture, but also a breakfast standby that invaded the

17、rest of the world.4. To extirpate weeds is not only to destroy their visible parts but also to pull them out by the roots.5. Members vow to be generous where once they had been selfish, faithful where treacherous, honest where deceitful.6. He advised my attending certain places in London for the acq

18、uisition of such mere rudiment, as I wanted.7. In spite of all his efforts, he could not refrain from uttering a deep groan, which, however, was lost amid the noisy felicitations of the company.8. Whereas scientific management system proffer reference of objective refutation for individual professio

19、n development.9. It is unreasonable to impugn someones integrity without having proper evidence.10. After a long period of time, the official has finally fallen into disrepute for his embezzlement of the public junds.1. Along with illiteracy and innumeracy, we must add deep moral confusion to the li

20、st of educational problems.除了對文學和科學的無知，更深層次的道德困惑也應(yīng)被列在亟待解決的教育 問題之列。2. And this mistrust of objectivity has begun to spill over into other areas of knowledge.對客觀事實的懷疑也開始蔓延到科學的其他領(lǐng)域。3. He said, “Sought nothing less than to sweep aside all codes and restraints of the past and start out from zero.”他說：“要不遺

21、余力地掃除以往的成規(guī)和限制，從新開始?！?. Before long, the hippies aversion to modern hygiene had consequences that were as unpleasant as they were unforeseen.不久后，嬉皮士對現(xiàn)代衛(wèi)生學的抵制出現(xiàn)了令人不快而意外的結(jié)果。5. When “staring from zero”, they jettison basic social practices and institutions, abandon common routines, defy common sense, re

22、ason, conventional wisdom-and, sometimes, sanity itself.一旦他們決定“從零開始”，他們會擯棄基本的社會經(jīng)驗和準則，無視常理，否定基本的常識，規(guī)律，智慧，甚至會喪失理智。Unit 10-Text Avariable clutter embark on proposition undertaking 變量 混亂 從事于 提議 承擔derail temper resolve into contemplation prophetic 出軌 調(diào)和 分解為、歸結(jié)為 沉思、意圖 預(yù)言的、先知的1. Armed with the right tools

23、and materials, newly-weds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.有了合適的工具和材料，新婚夫婦高興地開始裝飾自己的家園的任務(wù)。2. Perhaps the claim then is that dying is not something that can be done in that way as a joint undertaking.也許這樣的說法是指：死亡不是一種可以在聯(lián)合承擔的方式中所做的事情。3. But a new MIT analysis may serve to temper

24、enthusiasm about wind power, at least at very large scales.但一個新的麻省理工學院的分析可以調(diào)和降溫風力發(fā)電的熱情，至少在非常大的規(guī)模上可以。4. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.四十七年前，我們的先輩們在這個大陸上自由

25、孕育了一個新的國家，獻身于所有的人都是平等的主張。5. Much of engineering education deals with topics of analysis, which means to decompose, to take apart, to resolve into it constituent parts.工程教育的大部分內(nèi)容涉及分析，這意味著分解以解決它的組成部分。6. With so many variables, the exact cost is difficult to estimate.具有如此多的變量，準確的成本是很難估計的。7. Theres stil

26、l a lot of contemplation that is needed before such an earthshattering decision.在這樣一個驚天動地的決策作出之前還需要很多的思考。8. Adams words, published in 1931, early in the Great Depression, sound prophetic for our own times.亞當?shù)脑挘?931出版，在大蕭條的早期，預(yù)言了我們這個時代。9. “I personally dont believe that these deadly attacks will der

27、ail the government determination to pursue its plan to stabilize the country.”“我個人不認為這些致命的襲擊將破壞政府決心推行穩(wěn)定國家局勢的計劃。”10. It can actually be an emotional relief to tie up loose ends and clear out clutter. 它實際上是一種情感上的解脫，以配合松散的結(jié)束和清除混亂。1. We should teach young people the respectful, safe and socially appropr

28、iate way to enjoy alcohol in moderation.我們應(yīng)該教年輕人以尊重，安全和社會的適當?shù)姆绞絹磉m度享受酒精。2. Without principles, policy makers inevitably make mistakes and succumb to lobbying pressure.沒有原則，決策者會不可避免地犯錯誤，并向游說施壓。3. Were going to temporarily get off of this esoteric stuff, and go back to more obvious one.我們會暫時離開這個深奧的東西，回

29、到更明顯的一種說法。4. Classical Feng Shui began as a(n) interplay of construction and astronomy.古典風水學開始于建筑和天文學的相互作用。5. Those labors, unable to feed their families, went on strike in January to protest against the plummeting value of their salaries.這些勞動力，無法養(yǎng)活他們的家庭，在一月舉行罷工以抗議他們工資水平的直線下降6. I wanted to do it a d

30、ifferent way which is a little bit convoluted, but it introduces the idea of a thermodynamic cycle, and its something that were going to use a lot in the class.我想用一個不同的方式做，有點費解，但它介紹了熱力學循環(huán)的概念，這是我們上課要經(jīng)常用到的概念。7. Making good decisions requires us to balance the seemingly antithetical forces of emotion a

31、nd rationality.做出好的決定，要求我們要平衡看似對立的情感與理性。8. These pages have been filled with eminent thinkers arguing over whether it is time to bring the economic stimulus to an end.這些網(wǎng)頁充滿了杰出的思想家爭論現(xiàn)在是否是經(jīng)濟刺激計劃結(jié)束的時間。9. Sam says that young people have to be reminded that reading is fun and can be an interactive, enjo

32、yable experience, not a chore.山姆說，年輕人應(yīng)該意識到，讀書是一種快樂的，能夠互動的，令人愉快的經(jīng)歷，而不是一件苦差事。10. The effect of certain political factors in the international arena on world economic trends cannot be overlooked.國際舞臺上某些政治因素對世界經(jīng)濟趨勢的影響不容忽視。Besides simplicity, other things I have found to be essential to success are commu

33、nication, moderation and patience, adaptability, decisiveness, confidence, unconventional thinking, social responsibility, and last, but by no means least, luck. The importance of these attributes is in their interaction. Some of them are antithetical to others-patience will often collide with decis

34、iveness, for instance-and yet it is hard to think of any of my decisions in which they did not play a role.If any one concept emerges from the interplay of these traits, it is that of balance-very much a Confucian ideal. Balance is really nothing more than an orientation that gives you a sense of wh

35、ere you are in any given situation. It is what prevents you from getting so caught up in the pressures of the moment that you lose sight of where you are going and what must be done. It is what tempers decisiveness so that it does not lead to dictatorship. It is what tempers confidence so that a use

36、ful trait does not become a dangerous one. 除了簡樸，其它我發(fā)現(xiàn)對成功至關(guān)重要的因素是交流，適度，耐性，適應(yīng)性，果斷，自信，非常規(guī)思維，社會責任感，最后（但并非是最不重要的）還有運氣。有關(guān)這些因素的重要性在于他們的互相作用。它們中有些是互為對立的，例如耐性與果斷有抵觸。然而很難想象在我的任何決策過程中，他們會不發(fā)揮作用。如果說這些因素互相作用產(chǎn)生了一種概念，這就是平衡的概念-很像是儒家的思想。平衡其實只不過是一種定位，它告訴你在一特定的境遇中你的位置所在。當你因迷失方向，不知所措而處于壓力之下時它可以有助于你擺脫壓力。它可以對果斷進行調(diào)和，這樣就不會導(dǎo)

37、致獨裁。它可以調(diào)和自信，這樣有用的東西就不會變成危險的東西。Unit 10-Text B drop in on sign off diverge proportionally drown out不速之客、順道 停止活動 分歧、偏離 相適的、成比例的 淹沒、壓過screw up dawn on relent stumble into sedate 擰緊、鼓舞 漸漸明白 減弱、緩和 無意中卷入、犯 安靜、沉著的1. While that might cause inflation down the road, it also can make the debt proportionally sma

38、ller.2. President Obama has yet to indicate publicly whether he would sign off on such a deal.3. As one retail boss puts it, views diverge widely, “They (the manufacturers) see China as a threat and we see China as an opportunity.”4. If Miss Crawley did not forgive them at present, she might at leas

39、t relent on future day.5. It was said that state security personnel dropped in on that chat rooms unannounced.6. I knew this climb would be a big deal but it didnt quite dawn on me until last night that this is a truly historic ascent.7. Because of its isolation, the Sarlacc rarely deeds, as it must

40、 rely on animals that stumble into the pit.8. Doctors have been told not to sedated children with an anesthetic that may be linked to five deaths.9. The truth is that most people mean well, even if they screw up every now and then.10. Others walked away with their heads down, some wearing head phone

41、s to drown out questions.1. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，后來看來都成了無價之寶。 2. But something slowly began to dawn in me-I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I

42、 had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.但是漸漸的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我還是喜愛著我做過的事情，在蘋果的日子經(jīng)歷的事件沒有絲毫改變我愛做的事。我被否定了，可是我還是愛做那些事情，所以我決定從頭來過。3. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Lifes change agent. It clears out the old to mak

43、e way for the new.4. 3. 這是注定的，因為死亡簡直就是生命中最棒的發(fā)明，是生命變化的媒介，送走老人們，給新生代留下空間。5. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.6. 4. 在?？柕姆獾?，有張早晨鄉(xiāng)間小路的照片，那種你去爬山時會經(jīng)過的鄉(xiāng)間小路。 7. It was their fa

44、rewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.這是他們簽署的告別信息。保持饑餓。保持愚蠢。我總是以此自許?，F(xiàn)在，你們即將畢業(yè)，開始新的旅程，我希望你們也能這樣。Unit 11-Text Aadolescent niche tentative draw upon accentuate青少年的 適當?shù)奈恢?試驗性的、猶豫

45、的 利用 強調(diào)、突出invoke strike up enjoin compartmentalize attachment 調(diào)用 開始、建立 命令、吩咐 劃分、分類 附件、鏈接物1. The next round of talks is tentatively scheduled to begin October 21st in Washington.下一輪會談暫定于10月21日在華盛頓舉行。2. In his gatherings, he would enjoin the people to do the good and to abjure for committing wrong.在他的

46、聚會上，他要求每個人都做到最好避免犯錯誤。3. The new grouping should play down politics, which tends to divide countries, and accentuate economics.新的分組應(yīng)該淡化政治，傾向于把國家分開、強調(diào)經(jīng)濟學。4. Hes the kind of person who can meet anybody and almost instantaneously strike up a commonality.他是一個能滿足任何人的人，能夠立刻就建立起一個共同點。5. It is important that

47、 a(n) adolescent boy should have an adult in whom he can confide.青少年應(yīng)該有一個成年的他可以信賴的人，這是非常重要的。6. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.讓雙方尋求調(diào)用發(fā)現(xiàn)科學的奇跡，而不是它的恐懼。7. Older people are better at solving problems, because they have more mental information to draw upon tha

48、n younger people do.老年人能更好的解決問題，因為比起年輕人他們有更多的心理信息可以利用。8. You must compartmentalize everything you do in order to remain focused on the goal at hand. You must maximize your time and energy to capture the goal.你必須保證你所做的一切都是為了專注手頭的目標。你必須最大限度地發(fā)揮你的時間和精力來捕捉目標。9. A new study suggests that just fingering an

49、 item on a store shelf can create a(n) attachment that makes you willing to pay more for it.一項新的研究表明，只要觸摸貨架上的一件商品可以創(chuàng)建一個鏈接讓你愿意為它付出更多。10. Simon Lane quickly found his niche as a busy freelance model maker.西蒙巷很快找到了自己的定位，作為一個典型的忙碌的自由職業(yè)者。1. More than four in ten think it is acceptable to share a friends

50、secret with someone who does not know them, with over 40 percent saying their husband is their ultimate confidant.超過十分之四的人認為和不認識的人分享朋友的秘密是可以接受的，超過百分之40的人說她們的丈夫就是他們最終的知己。2. Theres a superficial sense of recognition-they suggest some cave paintings-but careful examination reveals readable narratives.有

51、一種表面上的認識，他們認為一些洞穴繪畫如果仔細檢查，揭示了某種可讀的敘述。3. The greatest sin is self-deception. Life of the most miserable temperament is the inferiority complex. Lifes biggest bankruptcy is despair.最大的罪過是自我欺騙。人生最慘的氣質(zhì)是自卑情結(jié)。人生最大的破產(chǎn)是絕望。4. But a landmark decision by Canadas Supreme Court last year could put fresh pressure

52、 on the provinces.但加拿大最高法院去年做的一個里程碑式的決定，可能給各省帶來新壓力。5. This initiative demonstrates once more our commitment to securing a just and lasting peace.這項倡議再次表明我們致力于確保公正和持久的和平。6. Everything, polished and precipitated by time, finally grows into a habit, a kind of tacit understanding, and even a culture.每樣東

53、西，被時間拋光和沉淀，最終成長為一種習慣，一種默契，甚至一種文化。7. Still, many people are cautiously hopeful, believing that the new Constitution will impose irrevocable changes upon Thailands political arena. 仍然有很多人對這一新的憲法將在泰國的政治舞臺上引起不可撤銷的改變而抱有謹慎的觀望。8. Her experience will heighten awareness of the importance of families dealing

54、with end of life issues.她的經(jīng)驗將提高對家庭對于處理臨終問題重要性的認識。9. Troops in the Philippines have been put on full alert in anticipation of trouble during a planned general strike. 在計劃中的大罷工期間，菲律賓軍隊已全面戒備。10. We will intensify our efforts to make nine-year compulsory education available throughout the central and we

55、stern regions.我們將加大力度在中西部地區(qū)普及九年義務(wù)教育。The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. In those European countries that Americans are most likely to visit, friend

56、ship is quite sharply distinguished form other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life.For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.But as we use the word, “friend” can be applied o a wide range of relationships-to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant. There are real differences among those relations for Americans - a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational