法律英語詞匯整理

1、Part One Basis of Legal English公證人：notary立遺囑者：testator專門名詞；術(shù)語：terminology承租人：tenant故意的；蓄意的：deliberate等同；同價(jià)物：equivalent責(zé)任：obligation終止：termination對(duì)等的，互惠的：reciprocal開端：commencement分期付款：instalment制定：formulation上述的；前述的：aforesaid恐嚇，威脅：intimidate不當(dāng)：inappropriate議會(huì)，國(guó)會(huì)：parliament審理委員會(huì)；特別法庭：tribunal不可撤銷的：irr

2、evocable否認(rèn)：negative拆分；分立：split訴訟：litigation傳喚；傳訊：summon賠償；補(bǔ)償：compensation訴訟當(dāng)事人：litigant提起（申請(qǐng)等）；提起（訴訟等）；把登記備案：file辯解；申訴；事實(shí)陳述：allegation質(zhì)詢（書）：interrogatories偽證；偽證罪：perjury否定：denial庭外采證：deposition小冊(cè)子：booklet控告（某人）犯罪：impeach常設(shè)的；永久的：permanent（法庭上證人的）證詞：testimony調(diào)解、調(diào)停：mediation仲裁：arbitration法官；裁判官；法官席：ben

3、ch無陪審團(tuán)員的審判：bench trail一致的：unanimous（陪審團(tuán)的）裁決，判決，結(jié)論：verdict強(qiáng)制的；不得上訴的：peremptory批捕令；搜查令：warrant財(cái)產(chǎn)保全；查封；扣押：attachment留置權(quán)，扣押權(quán)：lien賠償金：damages欺詐，誤導(dǎo)：deceive泄露：divulge侵權(quán)：infringement舉證責(zé)任：the burden of proof訴訟案件：lawsuit憲法的：constitutional控告：prefer入侵：invasion動(dòng)產(chǎn)：chattel租約：lease執(zhí)行者：executor成文法：statute訴狀：pleading

4、樣式條款：boilerplate clause公司面紗：corporate veil無效的：null and void全部，所有的人：all and sundry 其他以外：inter alia= among others保釋：bailment：abatement宣告無效：annul將遺贈(zèng)：bequeath報(bào)酬：emolument起源：provenance扣押財(cái)物：distress扣押：seizure拘押：hold本金：the principal sum合適和恰當(dāng)：fit and proper規(guī)定，條款：provision爭(zhēng)議，糾紛或索賠：dispute，controversy or clai

5、m承諾,同意和契約：promise，agree and covenant儲(chǔ)蓄：deposits原告：plaintiff訴狀：complaint被告：defendant代表自己，自辯：pro se（without an attorney）承認(rèn)：admission和解協(xié)議：settlement回避：for cause協(xié)商；法律顧問：counsel交叉盤問：cross examination專家證人：expert witness訴由不成立：no cause無效審判：mistrial清償保證書：satisfaction推翻：overturn發(fā)回重審：relitigante back自由心證：power

6、 of discretionary宣誓過的：sworn先行本：advance sheet法典注釋：annotated code法警：bailiff法律顧問：barrister受益人：beneficiary匯票：bill of exchange最佳證據(jù)：best evidence引證：citation or cite傳訊者：citator編成法典：codify法令：decree最高上訴法院：court of last resort記錄法庭：court of record法庭書記官：court reporter授權(quán)立法：delegated legislation法律匯編：digest備審案件目錄表

7、：docket（寫在判決書前面的）摘要：headnote對(duì)答案有誘導(dǎo)性的提問：leading question名義上的當(dāng)事人：nominal party初審管轄：original jurisdiction律師助手：paralegal被告：respondent州長(zhǎng)：sheriff單行本：slip law遵循先例：stare decisis（判決書的）判決理由/說明：syllabus摘要：synonym正式起訴書：true bill法令：wirt傳票：subpoena懸而未決的陪審團(tuán)：hung jury習(xí)慣法：common law拉丁語：Bona fide = good faith 善意De no

8、vo =anew 重新；更始Ex parte =from one side 片面的 Habeas corpus =you should have the body人身保護(hù)令I(lǐng)n re =in the matter of 關(guān)于，對(duì)于Non obstance verdioto =notwithstanding the verdict 否定裁決Per capita =by leads 人均Per curiam =by the court 引用法官判詞對(duì)價(jià)：consideration相對(duì)人：counterpart匯票：draft兌現(xiàn)：honor票據(jù)：instrument請(qǐng)求：motionChapter

9、 Two American Legal Regime美國(guó)聯(lián)邦上訴法院：United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit=巡回上訴法院：Federal Circuit最高法院：Supreme Court上訴法院：Court of Appeals中級(jí)上訴法院：intermediate Courts高級(jí)法院上訴庭：Appellate Division，Supreme Court美國(guó)案例選編：American Law Reports法律百科全書：Corpus Juris Secundum任命：nominate任期：tenure等級(jí)制度；統(tǒng)治集

10、團(tuán)：hierarchy司法權(quán)，管轄權(quán)；管轄范圍：jurisdiction地方法官，治安官：magistrate轉(zhuǎn)讓（法律權(quán)利或義務(wù)）：assign遺囑檢驗(yàn)法庭：probate court少年法庭：juvenile court仲裁人：arbiter對(duì)（指訴訟，比賽中等）；相對(duì)：versus無效；廢棄：nullification執(zhí)行，施行，實(shí)施（法律等）；免除：dispense疏忽，過失；粗心大意：negligence支持者；建議者；提出認(rèn)證遺囑者；提出證據(jù)的人：proponent淵源；根源：source立法機(jī)關(guān)；立法機(jī)構(gòu)；立法部；（特指）州會(huì)議：legislature合理的：equitable挑

11、選陪審團(tuán)成員：impanel證詞，證據(jù)：testimony陪審員名單：array挑選陪審團(tuán)的過程：voir dire自由裁量權(quán)：discretion強(qiáng)制的；不得上訴的：peremptory當(dāng)事人；訴訟委托人：client審議：deliberation偏一方的：partisan審判官似的；調(diào)查官似的；愛打聽的：inquisitorialVt.仲裁，裁判N.裁判，仲裁人：umpire對(duì)抗性的，敵對(duì)的：adversarial上訴的，受理上訴的：appellate審理委員會(huì)；特別法庭：tribunal前提：premise送還，還押；發(fā)回重審：remade發(fā)誓：swear抵押；抵押品；質(zhì)權(quán)：pledge

12、依照法令的；法定的：statuary成文法；制定法：statuary law制定（法律）；頒布：enact判例，先例：precedentAdj.立法的，有立法權(quán)的N.立法權(quán)；立法機(jī)構(gòu)：legislativeAdj.適當(dāng)?shù)腣t.占用，侵吞：appropriate競(jìng)合：concurrence傳票；引證：citation概要，大綱：synopsis控告，起訴：prosecution復(fù)審：review證人證言：affidavit再審：rehear全體陪審員：panel參議院：Senate大陪審團(tuán)：grand jury僵局：deadlock分配，分布：distribution有效：valid過錯(cuò)相抵：c

13、ontributory negligence篡改：tamper專利池：patent pool證據(jù)規(guī)則：evidentiary rules糾問式：inquisitorial system of justice糾錯(cuò)法院：Court of Errors訴訟文件移送命令：certiorari撤銷：vacate駁回：dismiss中止：order暫停：stay發(fā)回重審：remand異議：dissent特權(quán)：privilege抗辯制度：adversarial system主張，用戶：advocacy公平的：impartial自認(rèn)犯罪：self-incrimination公告，宣告：announcement

14、有說服力的法律依據(jù)：persuasive authority處理：dispose廉正：integrity蘇格拉底問法：socratic method民事訴訟：civil procedure法律術(shù)語：legalese法律聯(lián)合會(huì)：legal fraternity附錄：appendix公司章程：article of incorporation出庭律師：attorney of record計(jì)費(fèi)工時(shí)：billable hour顧問：consultant標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：criterion法官的附帶意見：dictum網(wǎng)域名稱：domain name委托書：engagement letter當(dāng)庭提出證據(jù)：exhibit

15、出口許可證：export license合營(yíng)企業(yè)：joint venture許可證協(xié)議：license agreement貸款申請(qǐng)：loan application公證人：notary public專利申請(qǐng)書：patent application公民投票權(quán)：referendum股東，股票持有人：shareholder法定時(shí)效：statute of limitation可撤銷的合同：voidable contract分區(qū)條例：zoning ordinanceChapter Three Constitutional Law司法權(quán)：judicial power合法的：legitimate合法化，正當(dāng)

16、性：legitimacy海事法，海商法：admiralty海事管轄權(quán)：maritime jurisdiction按照，根據(jù)：pursuant to/in pursuance of全權(quán)：plenary power闡明：set forth終身任期：life tenure被授予、賦予（權(quán)利）：be vested with原始（初審）管轄權(quán)：original（trial）jurisdiction上訴管轄權(quán)：appellate jurisdiction自動(dòng)生效：self-executing共同管轄權(quán)，并存管轄權(quán)：concurrent jurisdiction參考司法性（或?qū)徟校┙忉專篴dvisory o

17、pinions做出裁判、裁決：rendition做出裁判裁決，判處：render模擬訴訟：moot cases串通訴訟：collusive suits成熟原則：ripeness doctrine確認(rèn)判決，宣告是判決：declaratory judgment訴由，訴訟資格：standing可歸因于：be attributable to可救濟(jì)性：redressability裁決，裁定：ruling規(guī)避（原則）：abstention不適用聯(lián)邦管轄權(quán)（以避免和州管轄權(quán)的沖突）：abstain以作為前提/條件：be premised on待決的，未決的：pending禁止、命令、指示：enjoinV.

18、阻卻、禁止N. 阻礙、阻卻因素；法律界：bar豁免權(quán)：immunity立法權(quán)：legislative power明確列舉的權(quán)力：enumerated power默示的權(quán)利：implied power輔助/附屬權(quán)利：auxiliary/ancillary power必要與適當(dāng)條款：necessary and proper clause實(shí)施、實(shí)行：carry into execution人頭稅：capitation直接稅，對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)征收的稅：direct taxes公共基金開支權(quán)：spending power貿(mào)易權(quán)：commerce power國(guó)會(huì)調(diào)查權(quán)：investigatory power彈劾：i

19、mpeachment剝奪（權(quán)利）：deprive of/abridge of鑄幣：coin money立法權(quán)的委托/授予：delegation of legislative power三權(quán)分立原則：the separation of power doctrine促進(jìn)、助長(zhǎng)、推動(dòng)：in furtherance of申請(qǐng)：petition of公共職權(quán)：public functions有溯及力的，溯及既往的：retroactive剝奪公民權(quán)法案：bills of attainder事后的、有溯及力的、溯及既往的：ex post facto程序性的正當(dāng)程序：procedural due proces

20、s實(shí)質(zhì)性正當(dāng)程序：substantive due process平等保護(hù)：equal protection裁決、判決：adjudication個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)：personal belongings法定權(quán)利：entitlement任意的、武斷的：arbitrary在下、從下：infra嚴(yán)格審查（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：strict scrutiny（maximum scrutiny）中登記審查（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：intermediate scrutiny合理依據(jù)、最低審查（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）：rational basis（minimal scrutiny）引發(fā)、觸發(fā)：trigger不合理分類：suspect classification監(jiān)

21、禁、禁閉：incarceration受制于、以為條件：be subject to主要因素：predominant factor為量身定做：be tailored to授權(quán)條款：enabling provision商業(yè)條款：Commerce Clause必要的國(guó)家利益：compelling state interest歧視性待遇：disparate treatment準(zhǔn)嫌疑犯分類：quasi-suspect classification糾正歧視行動(dòng)：affirmative action不正當(dāng)關(guān)系：illicit relationships確認(rèn)生父訴訟、親子鑒定訴訟：paternity suits

22、基本權(quán)利：fundamental rights避孕藥物、避孕工具：contraception包括、包含：encompass撤銷、使無效：revoke財(cái)政部：The Treasury Department流產(chǎn)，墮胎：abortion全體出席的：plenary實(shí)施：implement嚴(yán)格的必要性：strict necessity原因：causation確權(quán)之訴：quiet title action修正案：amendment驅(qū)逐出境：deport支持：upheld代表：delegate違反：infringe有特權(quán)的：prerogative損害：impair非懲罰性：non-punitive區(qū)別對(duì)待：

23、discriminatory application避孕：contraceptives反駁：rebuttal據(jù)說，據(jù)稱：allegedly牽連：entanglement十足信用法案：full faith and credit授權(quán)，命令：mandate問題的可討論性，未決狀態(tài)：mootness司法審查：judicial review多元管轄權(quán)：diversity jurisdiction當(dāng)代的，同時(shí)代的：contemporary批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可：ratification行政部門：executive branch取締誹謗：outlaw slander使無效：invalidate授予，給予：confer詳

24、盡的，徹底的：exhaustivepart4promise允諾 agreement between the parties 當(dāng)事人之間的協(xié)議acceptance承諾a meeting of minds意見一致mutual assent當(dāng)事人之間的協(xié)議executed contracts已履行合同executory contracts待履行合同specialty contract書面蓋印合同valid 有效的parol contract非要式合同void 無效的simple contract簡(jiǎn)單合同voidable 可撤銷的offer 要約unenforceable 不能強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行contract

25、s under seal 蓋印合同revocation撤回contracts in writing書面合同rejection by the offeree受要約人拒絕contracts evidenced in writing有書面證明的合同counter-offer反要約lapse of time期限屆滿口頭合同oral contractsincapacity無行為能力unqualified無條件的failure of a condition subject to which the offer was made要約條件未能滿足conditional assent 有條件的同意standin

26、g offer持續(xù)要約performance履行return performance 相應(yīng)允諾the mirror image rule鏡像原則letter書信telegram電報(bào)Mail-box Rule投郵主義consideration對(duì)價(jià)the promisee被允諾人past consideration is no consideration過去的對(duì)價(jià)不是對(duì)價(jià)公共職責(zé)public dutyaccord and satisfaction和解與清償the principle of mutuality相關(guān)性原則允諾禁反言原則doctrine of promissory estoppel衡平禁

27、反言原則doctrine of equitable estoppelexpress terms明示條款implied terms 默示條款exemption clauses免責(zé)條款condition 條件warranty擔(dān)保rescind 廢除repudiate拒絕履行the concept of total integration合同完整性的概念certainty確定性terms implied in fact事實(shí)上的默示terms implied in law 法律上的默示customary implied terms慣例性的條款the contra proerentem不利于提供者規(guī)則t

28、he repugancy rule 矛盾解釋規(guī)則the four corners rule四角規(guī)則the Control of Exemption Clauses Act管制免責(zé)條款條例warning notices警告性通知capacity to contract締約能力minor 未成年人a person under the influence of drink醉酒的人persons of unsound mind精神病人corporations公司mistake錯(cuò)誤misrepresentation虛假陳述duress脅迫undue influence不當(dāng)影響illegality非法性v

29、alidity 效力operative mistakes關(guān)鍵性錯(cuò)誤liable to be set aside衡平法上被撤銷common or identical mistakes相同之錯(cuò)誤mutual mistakes雙方錯(cuò)誤non-identical mistake不相同之錯(cuò)誤unilateral mistake 單方錯(cuò)誤non est factum非我所簽契約null and void 無效fraudulent misrepresentation欺詐性的虛假陳述innocent or neglient misrepresentation無過錯(cuò)或過失性的虛假陳述affirm確認(rèn)duress

30、 to a person對(duì)人的脅迫duress to goods 對(duì)貨物的脅迫economic duress經(jīng)濟(jì)脅迫actual undue influence實(shí)際不當(dāng)影響persumed undue influence假設(shè)不當(dāng)影響inequality of bargaining power談判能力的不對(duì)等unconscionability顯示公平制度operation of law依法定得解除illegal contract strictly so called嚴(yán)格意義上的非法合同illegal contract traditionally so called傳統(tǒng)的非法合同illegal a

31、s formed成立違法illegal as performed履行違法intended beneficiaries 有益受害人incidental beneficiaries 附帶受益人discharged解決performance履行tender of performance交付履行frustration合同落空impossibility履行不能履約具有不現(xiàn)實(shí)性impracticabilityoccurrence of condition subsequent后續(xù)條件的發(fā)生rescission合同的廢除novation合同的更新 cancellation合同的取消release棄權(quán)書sub

32、stituted contract替代合同account stated明細(xì)賬lapse 終止（或失效）supervening illegality繼起違法breach of contract違約anticipatory breach預(yù)期違約damages損害賠償action for an agreed sum商定金額之訴quantum meruit按合理價(jià)格支付specific performance實(shí)際履行injunction禁令alternative dispute resolution替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制corporate law 公司法new words and expressionsn

33、ominalized 使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊~inducememt誘因，誘導(dǎo)abstain抑制，棄權(quán)solemnity莊嚴(yán)destitute使喪失perpetrator做壞事者，犯罪者usage慣例revocation撤銷，撤回contingency意外事故，偶發(fā)事件dispatch發(fā)出telex電傳facsimile傳真detriment損害，傷害forbearance忍耐，克制，不作為undertaking承諾accure發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生charter包租，租用vessel船舶l(fā)umber木材 freight運(yùn)費(fèi)furnish提供aver提出appellee被上訴人demurrer異議，抗辯rescind廢

34、除repudiate拒不履行reputable值得尊重的shack棚屋，簡(jiǎn)陋的小屋emasculate閹割，削弱collateral附屬的demolish摧毀，推翻，駁倒absurdity荒謬的shear(shore,shorn)切斷，剝奪rote死記硬背，生搬硬套perjury偽證（罪）supersede廢除，廢棄officious愛管閑事的efficacy功效indemnity賠償（金）onus義務(wù)，負(fù)擔(dān)subrogation代位（求償權(quán)）dissipate揮霍vitiate（使）消弱，（使）無效salvage救援，營(yíng)救reef礁，暗礁tender招標(biāo)ab initio自始，從開始時(shí)sta

35、tus quo現(xiàn)狀rescission廢除puff吹噓pecuniary金錢的restitutio in integrum拉恢復(fù)原狀rogue無賴，流氓avoidance廢止，無效uberrimae fidei 拉最大誠(chéng)信coercive強(qiáng)制的；強(qiáng)迫的convent女修道院ward被監(jiān)護(hù)人devotee皈依者the balance of probabilities可能性較高者consummate完成lopsided不平等的infirmity虛假defraud詐取，騙取ex turpi causa non oritur actio 拉非法或不道德行為不能取得訴因quantum meruit 拉（

36、無合同規(guī)定時(shí)）支付合理報(bào)酬；應(yīng)得額；合理金額quantum valebant 拉支付合理價(jià)格原則oust剝奪，驅(qū)逐solus單獨(dú)的covenant協(xié)議，協(xié)定effectuate實(shí)行，完成supervening接著發(fā)生revoke撤銷；取消encompass圍繞；包含concurrent同時(shí)發(fā)生的coronation加冕禮exculpatory辯解的，辨明無罪的remote damages間接損失expectation interest期待利益reliance interest信賴?yán)鎟estitution interest返還利益liquidated damages約定損害賠償金maxim格言

37、permeate彌漫，遍布subterfuge托詞，借口evasion規(guī)避，遁詞overt明顯的，公開的slack off松懈；懈怠a Mareva injunction瑪瑞瓦禁令warranty保修單，擔(dān)保Textinternational business transactions國(guó)際商業(yè)活動(dòng)；國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)交往securities law證券法franchise 特許經(jīng)營(yíng)contract合同，有法律約束力的承諾或協(xié)議Convention on the International Sales of Goods(CISG) 聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約restatement再聲明，重述duty義務(wù);

38、 職責(zé)，責(zé)任binding有約束力的deed 地契，土地證stipulation契約，約定，協(xié)定seal 密封文檔，密封（證明真實(shí)有效）evidenced in writing有書面證明的formation成立mutual assent相互同意manifestation表現(xiàn)形式bound  有義務(wù)的advertisements of rewards懸賞廣告auction拍賣lapse of offer要約失效revocation撤回English law英國(guó)法option期權(quán)，選擇權(quán)Blackacre黑地，黑田（辯論中的假設(shè)名字，與whiteacre相對(duì)）contingency意外事

39、故，偶發(fā)事件standing offer持續(xù)要約writ of error糾錯(cuò)令decree判決，裁定Chancery Courts大法官法庭，大法庭refinance再融資Chancellor首席法官，大法官unqualified沒有附加的條件的conditional assent附條件同意return promise 反允諾order confirmation確認(rèn)訂單terms and conditions 條款及細(xì)則general conditions of sale銷售的一般條件；買賣共同條件；一般銷售條件UNIDROIT PICC 國(guó)際統(tǒng)一私法協(xié)會(huì)國(guó)際商事合同通則Mail-Box R

40、ule郵箱規(guī)則consideration 對(duì)價(jià)detriment損害，傷害promisee受約人promisor做出承諾者，契約者，要約人executory待執(zhí)行的executed已執(zhí)行的accord and satisfaction和解與清償full settlement of a debt全額清償the principle of mutuality交互性原則promissory承諾的，約定的suspensory中止的Privy Court樞密院法庭resume恢復(fù)the principle本人，被代理人，委托人；保證人；財(cái)產(chǎn)，信托財(cái)產(chǎn)Doctrine of Equitable Estopp

41、el衡平禁反言原則qualification條件，資格charter party租船合同frustrate the main purpose of the contract主要目的受阻volition自愿選擇the Parol Evidence Rule口頭證言規(guī)則total integration一體化；完全整合absurdity 荒謬，不合理genesis起源；開端superseded documents替代文件officious bystander好事的旁觀者negligence過失；疏忽the inserter起草者indemnity賠償（金）the onus of proof舉證責(zé)任

42、Age of Majority Act成人年齡法guarantees of minors contracts未成年人保證責(zé)任guarantee被保人subrogation代位清償unsound mind/ mental-imcapacity心智不全fiduciary基于信托的，受托人，被信托人non est factum否認(rèn)立約inducement引誘，誘導(dǎo)actionable misrepresentation可訴的虛假陳述restitutio in integrum恢復(fù)原狀Uberrimae Fidei最大誠(chéng)信原則，坦率誠(chéng)實(shí)the Utmost Good Faith最大善意原則prospe

43、ctus說明書，簡(jiǎn)介，募股章程undue influence 不當(dāng)影響contemplation深思熟慮，沉思self-induced自己導(dǎo)致的，自己誘導(dǎo)的vendor賣方，賣主operation of law(OOL) 法律的實(shí)施（效果）mutual rescission相互解約unilateral rescission單方廢止；債權(quán)人得單方解除契約frustrating events受阻事項(xiàng)a final balance 最后應(yīng)付余額，最后結(jié)余；最后平衡original transactions原始交易commercial impracticability商業(yè)不現(xiàn)實(shí)性Statute of

44、Limitations訴訟時(shí)效impossible of performance履行不能supervening illegality繼起違法frustration of purpose合同目的落空coronation加冕禮Forcr Majeure Clauses 不可抗力條款remoteness of damage損害的間隔性foreseeability可預(yù)見性,預(yù)見性u(píng)nliquidated damages未經(jīng)算定損害賠償；未清算的損失；未確定損害賠償額extravagant奢侈的；揮霍的claimant原告，索賠者specific performance照規(guī)定嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行constant s

45、upervision持續(xù)監(jiān)督good faith善意；真誠(chéng)good faith performance合同履行中的誠(chéng)信原則；善意履行express repudiation明示的履行拒絕interlocutory (判決等)在訴訟期間宣告的perpetual不間斷的；持續(xù)的prohibitory禁止的mandatory強(qiáng)制的；法定的pending trial候?qū)徠陂g，未決事項(xiàng)Municiple Courts市法院Choice of Forum Clause選擇法院條款Forum Selection Clause法院管轄之條款Choice of Law Clause適用法律選擇條款commerci

46、al arbitration商事仲裁arbitration agreement仲裁協(xié)議arbitration clauses仲裁條款exercisecontested 有爭(zhēng)議的recital 一系列事件等的詳述boilerplate樣板文件； 公式化，陳詞濫調(diào)Caveat Emptor貨物出門概不退換，買主須自行當(dāng)心（貨物的品質(zhì)）； 買主當(dāng)心prevail占優(yōu)勢(shì)option contract期權(quán)合同merchandise 貨物leverage杠桿作用， 舉債經(jīng)營(yíng)Statute of Fraudes反欺詐法unconscionability顯失公平;顯失公平原則unjust

47、enrichment不正當(dāng)?shù)美鹴hird-party beneficiary 受益第三方· detrimental reliance有害依賴；不利之信賴forfeiture沒收，喪失material breach重大違約，實(shí)質(zhì)性違約illusory promise虛幻允諾rescind廢除； 撤銷omission 疏忽，懈怠，做某事失敗Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)美國(guó)統(tǒng)一商法典in pais無法律手續(xù)或書據(jù)quasi-contract準(zhǔn)契約； 準(zhǔn)合同Unit Five 故意侵權(quán) intentional torts毆打 battery威嚇

48、assault非法監(jiān)禁 false imprisonment侵害地產(chǎn)或動(dòng)產(chǎn)trespass to Land/Chattels侵占他人動(dòng)產(chǎn)conversion故意精神傷害Intentional infliction of emotional distress抗辯事由 defenses特權(quán) privilege原告同意 consent正當(dāng)防衛(wèi) self-defense緊急避險(xiǎn) necessity責(zé)任duty不履行責(zé)任 breach實(shí)際損失或傷害actual loss or damage原告過失 contributory negligence比較過失comparative negligence自冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

49、 assumption of risk明示自冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)express assumption of risk免責(zé)條款 exculpatory clause暗示自冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)implied assumption of risk后果的預(yù)見性foreseeability of consequences中介原因 intervening cause連帶責(zé)任 joint and several liability補(bǔ)償 indemnity分擔(dān) contribution土地所有人possessor所有權(quán)人 owner占有人 occupier自然危險(xiǎn)情況 natural hazards土地侵權(quán)人 trespasser被許可

50、人 licensee侵權(quán)兒童 trespassing children誘惑性公海原則 attractive nuisance doctrine被邀請(qǐng)人 invitee商業(yè)被邀請(qǐng)人 business invitee不當(dāng)行為/不當(dāng)履行 misfeasance懈怠不作為/不作為 nonfeasance替代責(zé)任 vicarious liability低于成本銷售 sales below cost侵犯隱私 privacy torts盜用他人肖像權(quán) appropriation侵?jǐn)_他人私生活 intrusion扭曲他人形象 public disclosure of private life不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)comp

51、etitive torts虛假宣傳false advertising傾銷 dumping雇主負(fù)責(zé)制respondent superiorLiability for negligence 過失責(zé)任Civil liability 民事責(zé)任Remedies 損害賠償Invasion of privacy侵犯隱私Defamation 誹謗Fraud 欺詐Misrepresentation 虛假表述Conversion 侵犯他人財(cái)產(chǎn)Trespass非法侵入Trespass to land/chattels 侵犯他人土地/財(cái)產(chǎn)Product liability 產(chǎn)品責(zé)任Restitution返還原物，賠償

52、金Damages 賠償金Compensatory damages 補(bǔ)償性傷害賠償金Punitive damages 懲罰性賠償金Special damages 特定損害賠償金Discrete 分離的Affinity親切關(guān)系The statute of limitations 訴訟時(shí)效Causation 因果關(guān)系Tavern 客棧Cause in fact 事實(shí)上的原因Hatchet 短柄小斧；言歸于好Proximate cause 最近原因Integrity完整Malice惡意Prima facie case 表面上證據(jù)確鑿的案件Blackout 燈火管制；暫時(shí)失去知覺Impediment 妨

53、礙Res Ipsa Loquitur 讓事實(shí)說話Quare clausum fregit 緣何侵入私地令Foreseeability 預(yù)見性Intermeddle干涉Tort-feasor 侵權(quán)行為人Dispossess 剝奪Misconduct 行為不當(dāng)Misfeasance 錯(cuò)誤行為Non-feasance 不行為Agrarian 土地的，農(nóng)村的Nuisance 妨害行為Public nuisance 公共公害Private nuisance 私人妨害Omission 疏忽；懈怠Contributory negligence 混合過失Entrant 參加者Confinement 拘禁Sat

54、isfaction 清償Indemnity補(bǔ)償Negligent misrepresentation 過失的虛假表述Malpractice 玩忽職守Sedition 煽動(dòng)Libel 書面誹謗Loathsome 令人討厭的Consortium 配偶的地位和權(quán)利Duty of care 注意義務(wù)Venereal 性交的Incompatible 矛盾的Unchastity 放蕩Disparagement 輕視False light 扭曲他愛人形象Revelation 披露Deceive 欺詐Competitive torts 侵權(quán)競(jìng)合Idiosyncratic 獨(dú)特的Premises 房地產(chǎn)Pass off 冒充Palm off 哄騙Recoup 重獲Wherewithal 為做某事而需要的錢Disclose 告知