初中英語語法賓語從句

1、名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1. 由連接詞that引導的賓語從句由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are g

2、ood in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。2. 用who，whom, which, w

3、hose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。3. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主

4、語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導表語從句時；c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?現(xiàn)在的問題是她是否應該

5、有一個低意見的測試？ Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？4. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應，當主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態(tài)。例如：I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來時）當主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（c

6、ould, would除外），從句則要用相應的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時等；當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引導的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。6.

7、時態(tài)：1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2.主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。3.主句用過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。7.賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞：連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether. that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學.I dont know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whethe

8、r he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.連接代詞：連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have

9、you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞：連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?None of us know

10、s where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.8.動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我們都預料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的. 部分“動詞+副詞”結構也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the

11、tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎?動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.9.形容詞的

12、賓語從句常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有: sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.10.賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不

13、受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in.我只知道他當時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he h

14、ad told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關會議的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著

15、地球轉.當賓語從句的引導詞是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手. （1） I dont know _or notA whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at home D whether is he at home（2） This depen

16、ds on _ the weather is fineA which B whetherC if D that（3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA which B whereC if D that（4） I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our EnglishA why B when C how D where（5） Be careful！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? D

17、avid? Yes， MumA what B that C why D if（6） Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _A where， which B where， whatC what， whichD what， where（7） There is not much difference between the two I really dont know _A what should I chooseB which I shoul

18、d chooseC which should I choose D what I should choose（8）Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking for（9）Are you interested in _?A how did he do it B he did it howC how he did itD he how did it（1

19、0）I dont know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two players are（11） What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly（12）Ex

20、cuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where（13）She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter was B what the matter isC what was the matter D what is the matter（14） Its 7：30 I cant believe you_ cooking di

21、nner yet， SallyA havent started B didnt C dont start D hadnt started（15）The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas DayA isB was C has beenD will be（16） The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goesB go C went D will go（17） We d like to tell you that you _the examA have passed B had passed C passD will pass（18） “Could you tell me_?” “ Yes They _ to the library”A where are the twins， have b