河海大學(xué)研究生英語課文及翻譯(重點單詞突出顯示,特殊單詞有注

1、Consume, consume, consume! Our society is consumer oriented-dangerously so. To keep the wheels of industry turning, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting (v. use up 耗盡) our natural resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do

2、with manufactured products when they are worn out? They must be disposed of, but how and where? Unsightly junkyards (n. a place where old useless things are discarded 垃圾場) full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation.Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year

3、, enough to build more than ten stacks (n. a pile of something, like lumber 堆，垃圾堆) to the moon. There isnt room for much more waste, and yet the factories grind on(無情地向前移動). They cannot stop because everyone wants a job. Our standard of living, one of the highest in the world, requires the consumpti

4、on ofmanufactured products in ever-increasing amounts. Man, about to be buried in his own waste, is caught in a vicious (a. dangerous, cruel 邪惡的) cycle惡性循環(huán). “Stop the world, I want to get off,” is the way a popular song put mans dilemma (n. a situation for which there is no desirable solution 困境).消費

5、、消費、消費！我們的社會以消費者為中心這是很危險的。為了讓工業(yè)的車輪保持轉(zhuǎn)動，我們大量地生產(chǎn)消費品，并在此過程中迅速地消耗我們的自然資源。但這只是問題的一半。當(dāng)這些工業(yè)產(chǎn)品被用過之后我們拿它們怎么辦呢？它們 必須被處理掉，但是如何或在哪里處理呢？堆滿生銹汽車的垃圾場已經(jīng)包圍了這個國家的每一座城市。美國人每年扔掉億個瓶罐，這些東西中夠從地球向月球上10多次。再也沒有空間放更多的廢物了，但是工廠還在繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)著。工廠不能停下來，因為每個人都需要工作。我們的生活水平是世界上最高的之一，這就要求我們大量地消費已生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。馬上就要被自己制造的垃圾淹沒的人類處于一種惡性循環(huán)之中?！白屖澜缤Ｏ聛恚乙唛_。

6、”一首流行歌曲就是這樣描述人類的困境的。It wasnt always like this. Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There werent so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by m

7、ans lack of foresight (n. ability to see into the future預(yù)見力) and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. For man is slowly poisoning his environment.事情并非一直如此。僅在100年前，人與自然仍在和諧相處。那時沒有這么多的人口，人們的需求也比現(xiàn)在少得多。制造出的任何一種垃圾都能被自然界吸收，并很快被掩蓋起來。現(xiàn)在這種和諧關(guān)系正在面臨威脅，這是由于人們?nèi)狈h(yuǎn)見和計劃以及冷漠貪婪造成的。人類正在慢慢慢地毒害他周圍的環(huán)境。Pollution i

8、s a “dirty” word. To pollute means to contaminate (v. make dirty, impure or diseased 弄臟，污染)-to spoil something by introducing impurities (n. foreign material which make something unfit for use 雜質(zhì)), which make it unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, taste it, d

9、rink it, and stumble through it. We literally live in and breathe pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization.污染是個臟詞，污染意味著玷污即用不潔之物弄污某物，使之不凈或不宜使用。污染表現(xiàn)為很多種形式。我們可以看見它聞到它，嘗到它，喝到它，甚至踩到它。毫不夸張地說，我們就生活在污染中，呼吸著它。并不奇怪，它已在危害我們的健康、幸福甚至文明。 On

10、ce we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog-the choking, stinging, dirty air thathovers (v. remain in the air at one place 盤旋，翱翔) over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life functions.我們曾

11、經(jīng)認(rèn)為污染僅指煙霧即盤旋在城市上空那令人窒息、氣味刺鼻的骯臟空氣。然而空氣污染，雖然仍是最危險的一種污染，但它只是危害人類最基本生活活動的幾種污染之一。Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemicals into rivers lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the oceans, too, kil

12、ling the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable (a. too valuable for the worth to be measured 無價的) food supply.由于不加限制地使用殺蟲劑，人類污染了大地，殺死了野生動物；由于向河里和湖里傾倒污水和化學(xué)制品，我們已經(jīng)污染了飲用水。我們正在污染海洋，殺害魚類，從而也使我們自己失去了一項寶貴的食物來源。 Part of the problem is our exploding population. More and more people produce mo

13、re wastes. But this problem is intensified (v. make stronger or more serious 使強化，加劇)by our “throw-away” technology. Each year Americans dispose of (to get rid of as useless 扔掉，丟棄)7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper plates. It is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard(v. to get r

14、id of as useless丟棄，扔掉) the old, even though 95 percent of its parts may still befunctioning. Babys diapers(a piece of clothing made of thick soft paper or cloth which is fastened around a babys bottom and between its legs to absorb its urine and excrement 尿片，尿布), which used to be made of reusable( a

15、. that can be used again 再利用的) cloth, are now paperthrowaways. Soon we will wear clothing made of paper: “Wear it once and throw it away,” will be the slogan of the fashion conscious. 迅速膨脹的人口也是問題的一部分。越來越多的人口制造出越來越多的垃圾。這一問題由于我們采用“用過就扔”的辦法而變得俞加嚴(yán)重。美國人每年扔掉700萬輛汽車，2000萬噸廢紙，2500噸牙膏皮和4800萬個罐頭皮。我們?nèi)拥艨谙闾前b包裝紙

16、，報紙和紙碗盤。把它們?nèi)拥魮Q新既容易又便宜，盡管其中95仍可使用。孩子的尿布以前是用可以重復(fù)使用的布做的，而現(xiàn)在是紙制一次性用品。不久我們就能穿上紙做的衣服?！按┮淮尉腿印睂⒊蔀闀r尚意識的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingeni

17、ous.這一切何時能結(jié)束？難道我們正在把世界變成一個大垃圾場嗎？亦或我們有希望治理污染問題？幸運的是，眼前已有了些解決辦法，其中有一些還非常巧妙。Take the problem of discarded automobiles, for instance. Each year over 40,000 of them areabandoned in New York City alone. Eventually the discards end up in a junkyard. But cars are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill.

18、They must first be flattened. This is done in a giantcompressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges. Mans ingenuity has com

19、e to his rescue.就拿廢棄汽車為例。在紐約一市每年就要扔掉4萬多輛。最終這些廢物就要爛在垃圾場。但是汽車太大，不可能象碎鐵片那樣被運到鋼鐵廠。它們首先得被壓扁。這項工作可由一輛巨大的壓縮機完成。它在幾分鐘內(nèi)就可以把一輛卡迪拉克壓縮成電視機大小。余下的金屬碎片可與水泥混合真情為制成特別堅硬的磚，用于樓房與橋梁，人的創(chuàng)造力拯救了人類。What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewagetreatment plants. Instead of being dumped into a nearby riv

20、er or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a giant tank where the water is separated from the solid material, purified, and returned for reuse to the community water supply. The solid material, called sludge (thick mud; the product of sewage treatment 淤泥，污泥) is converted (v.

21、 to change something from one form into another 使轉(zhuǎn)化)into fertilizer. The sludge can also be made into bricks.那么水污染呢？越來越多的城市在建廢水處理廠。廢水不再被排到附近的河或湖里而是通過一個地下管道輸送到一個巨大容器里面。在這里水與固體物質(zhì)分開、凈化，然后重新被社區(qū)供水系統(tǒng)利用。那些固體物質(zhì)被稱為固體沉積物?？梢员晦D(zhuǎn)化成肥料，也可以用來做磚。Controlling air pollution is another crucial(a. decisive; of deciding im

22、portance 決定性的，緊要關(guān)頭的) objective. Without food, man can live about five weeks, without water about five days. Without air, he can only live five minutes, so pure air is a must. Here the wrongdoer is the automobile. Where there is a concentration of automobiles, as in our big cities, air pollution is s

23、evere. It is important to see that our cars are equipped with pollution-control devices. Such devices effectively reduce the harmful gases emitted (v. to send out 發(fā)出，排放出)from theengine.控制空氣污染也是件至關(guān)重要的事情。沒有食物，人大約能活周；沒有水，人能活5天。沒有空氣，人只能活分鐘，所以純凈的空氣是必不可少的。在這件事上作崇的是汽車。在汽車集中的地方，空氣污染就很嚴(yán)重，比如我們的大城市。我們要務(wù)必使汽車都裝上

24、控制污染的裝置。這樣的裝置可以有效地降低發(fā)動機散發(fā)出來的有害氣體。Power plants, factories, and apartment buildings can also avoid air pollution. When possible they should use clean fuels like gas and oil. And the smokestacks (n. chimney used by factories to discharge smoke into the upper air 大煙囪) of these buildings should be equipp

25、ed with filters and other smoke-reduction devices.發(fā)電廠、工廠和公寓樓也可避免污染空氣。如有可能，應(yīng)使用液化氣及油這類潔凈燃料。這些建筑物上的煙囪應(yīng)裝上過濾或其他減少煙霧的裝置。 Can we eliminate pollution altogether? Probably not. Modern man pollutes with everything he does, so total elimination would require drastic measures. Every power plant would have to shut down. Industries would have to close. We would have to leave all our automobiles in the garage. Every bus and truck and airplane would have to stop running. There would be no way to bring food to the cities. There would be no heat and no light. Under these