科技英語單詞

1、P16Surface water 地表水Total solid 總固體Groundwater 地下水Scale-forming 結(jié)垢Finished waters 處理后的水Per-capita usage 人均用量Color 色度Turbidity 濁度Taste 味道Odor 臭味Nitrate 硝態(tài)氮Harmful metal ions 有害金屬離子Organic chemicals 有機化學(xué)物質(zhì)Pesticide 農(nóng)藥Chlorinated solvent 氯代溶劑U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美國環(huán)保局Hardness 硬度P17dispo

2、sal 處置Drainage or sewer system 排水或污水系統(tǒng)Purification or treatment facilities 凈化或處理設(shè)施effectiveness of treatment processes 處理工藝的有效性Biochemical 生化的Physicochemical 物理化學(xué)的Organic and nitrogen loading 有機和氮負荷Ammonia 氨氣Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧Pollutional load 污染負荷Stream purification capacity 河流凈化容量Effluent quality

3、 or effluent standard 出水質(zhì)量或出水標準Nitrogen fertilizer 氮肥Organic chemicals 有機化學(xué)物質(zhì)Municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) 市政污水處理廠P18Inorganic chemistry 無機化學(xué)Colloidal chemistry 膠體化學(xué)Radiochemistry 放射化學(xué)Contamination 污染Cleanup 清理Analytical chemistry 分析化學(xué)Sampling 采樣Separation 分離Quantification 量化Leachate 滲

4、濾液Aquifer 水體P19Urban population 城市人口Population density 人口密度combustion 燃燒Incinerator 焚燒爐Particulate matter 顆粒物質(zhì)Visible 可見的Atmospheric inversion 大氣逆溫Respiratory tract 呼吸道Photochemical 光化學(xué)的Unsaturated hydrocarbon 不飽和烴Automobile exhaust gases 汽車尾氣Ozone 臭氧Formaldehyde 甲醛Radioactive materials 放射性物質(zhì)Nuclear

5、 power plant 核電廠Solar energy 太陽能Biomass 生物質(zhì)Ultraviolet radiation 紫外輻射Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Methane甲烷Chlorofluorocarbons 氟利昂Greenhouse gases 溫室氣體P23organic chemistry 有機化學(xué)synthesis 合成liquid 水體中by-product 副產(chǎn)物impurities 雜質(zhì)organic load 有機負荷formaldehyde 甲醛methanol 甲醇vital-force theory 生命力理論ammonium cyanate 氰

6、化胺urea 尿素P24Elements (元素)hydrocarbon 烷烴nitrogen 氮phosphorous 磷sulfur 硫halogen 鹵素P25Properties (性質(zhì))combustible 可燃的melting point 熔點boiling point 沸點soluble 可溶的formula 分子式isomerism 同分異構(gòu)molecular 分子的ionic 離子的molecular weight 分子量Bacteria 細菌Sources (來源)fibers 纖維cellulose 纖維素starch 淀粉alkaloids 生物堿fermentati

7、on 發(fā)酵acetone 丙酮glycerol 甘油antibiotics 抗生素acid 酸microorganism 微生物P27Isomerism (同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象)isomer 同分異構(gòu)體hydroxy acid 羥基酸structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)分子式aliphatic 脂肪族aromatic 芳香族heterocyclic 雜環(huán)的Hydrocarbon (烴)Saturated hydrocarbons 飽和烴Unsaturated hydrocarbons 不飽和烴Paraffin series 鏈烷烴系列petroleum 石油gasoline 汽油Diesel f

8、uel 柴油Methane 甲烷Marsh gas 沼氣Natural gas 天然氣Gas engines 燃氣發(fā)動機Firedamp 瓦斯Greenhouse gas 溫室氣體Stratosphere 同溫（平流）層P28methane 甲烷ethane 乙烷propane 丙烷butane 丁烷normal 正N-butane 正丁烷Prefix iso- 前綴isobutane 異丁烷Straight chain 直鏈Branched-chain 支鏈Room temperature 室溫Homologous series 同族系列General formula 通用分子式P30nom

9、enclature 系統(tǒng)命名法IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)國際純粹化學(xué)和應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會strong base 強堿strong acid 強酸oxidizing agent 氧化劑concentrated sulfuric acid 濃縮的硫酸Oxidation 氧化substitution 取代pyrolysis 高溫裂解cracking 裂化high-molecular-weight 高分子量petroleum industry 石油工業(yè)chemical synthesis 化學(xué)合成terminal ca

10、rbon atoms 末端碳原子omega oxidation 末端氧化intermediate steps 中間步驟P32Unsaturated hydrocarbonsethylene series 烯類double bond 雙鍵alkenes 鏈烯ethylene 乙烯propylene 丙烯butylene 丁烯pyrolysis of petroleum 石油高溫裂解diolefins 二烯烴polyenes 多烯acetylene series 炔類triple bond 三鍵P34synthetic rubber 合成橡膠oxidation 氧化反應(yīng)aqueous soluti

11、on 水溶液potassium permanganate 高錳酸鉀reduction 還原反應(yīng)glycol 乙二醇catalysis 催化劑addition 加成反應(yīng)halogen acid 鹵酸hypochlorous acid 高氯酸polymerization 聚合反應(yīng)polymer 聚合物resin 樹脂fiber 纖維rubber 橡膠detergent 洗滌劑bacterial oxidation 細菌氧化P35Alcohols (醇類)alcohol 醇類aerobic condition 好氧條件degradation 降解hydroxy alkyl 氫氧烷基ionize 離子

12、化neutral 中性的classification 分類primary alcohol 伯醇secondary alcohol 仲醇tertiary alcohol 叔醇P36isopropyl alcohol 異丙醇methyl alcohol 甲醇ethyl alcohol 乙醇n-butyl alcohol 正丁醇carbon monoxide 一氧化碳enzyme 酶glucose 葡萄糖industrial alcohol 工業(yè)酒精distillation 蒸餾hydration 水合反應(yīng)cornstarch 玉米淀粉waxy solid 蠟狀固體hexadecanol 十六醇al

13、kyl group 烷基團hydroxyl group 羥基團2-methyl-1-propanol 2-甲基-1-丙醇polyhydroxy alcohol 多羥基醇p ethylene glycol 乙烯二醇aldehydes 醛ketones 酮carbonyl group 羰基P41Ozonide 臭氧化物steam power plant 蒸汽發(fā)電機internal combustion engines 內(nèi)燃機embalming 防腐biological specimens 生物標本dilution 稀釋toxicity thresholds 毒性閾值nontoxic 無毒的acti

14、vated sludge 活性污泥P42-P44acetaldehyde 乙醛condensation 縮合aldehyde resin paint 醛類樹脂顏料dimethyl ketone 雙甲基酮methyl ethyl ketone 甲乙酮2-butanol 2-丁醇solvent 溶劑monocarboxylic acid 單羧基酸polycarboxylic acid 多羧基酸hydroxyl group 羥基P48Ester 酯hydrolysis 水解reversible reaction 逆反應(yīng)general formula 通用分子式butyl acetate 乙酸丁酯pe

15、rfumes 香水flavoring extracts 調(diào)味料odor 氣味immiscible 難溶的separation 分離purification 純化antibiotics 抗生素hydrolyze 水解P49ether 醚strong dehydrating agents 強脫水劑fragments 斷裂flammable 可燃的diethyl ether 乙醚anesthetic 麻醉劑flotation 上浮decantation 沉淀alkyl halide 鹵化烴halogenated aliphatic compounds 鹵代脂肪化合物industrial wastew

16、ater 工業(yè)廢水municipal wastewater 市政污水maximum contaminant levels（MCLS） 最大污染水平volatile 揮發(fā)性pollutants 污染物P50vinyl chloride 氯乙烯phosphorous 磷bromide 溴化物potassium cyanide 氰化鉀nitrile 腈carbon chain 碳鏈methyl chloride 一氯甲烷ethyl chloride 一氯乙烷refrigerant 制冷劑P51lead 鉛polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯contaminated groundwater

17、受污染的地下水sanitary 衛(wèi)生的carcinogen 致癌的air pollutant 空氣污染ethylene dibromide（EDB） 1，2-二溴乙烷pesticide 殺蟲劑ingredient 成分dichloromethane 二氯甲烷chlorination 氯化反應(yīng)P52chloroform 氯仿nonflammable 不可燃的microgram 微克disinfection 消毒natural water 天然水phosgene（COCl2） 光氣halogenated ethanes 鹵乙烷industrial solvent 工業(yè)溶劑halogenated e

18、thenes 鹵乙烯degreaser 除油器P53-P56dibromochloropropane （DBCP）chloroflurocarbon 氟氯烴Trade name 商品名Freon 氟利昂fluorine 氟ultraviolet radiation 紫外光輻射greenhouse gas 溫室氣體ozone destruction 臭氧層破壞greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)P57-P61Aromatic compoundscyclic group 環(huán)基aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物benzene r

19、ing 苯環(huán)parent compound 母體化合物kekule formula 凱庫勒分子式polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）多環(huán)芳烴P62combustion product 燃燒產(chǎn)物chimney sweeps 煙道清掃creosote 防腐油chlorinated aromatic compound 含氯芳香烴化合物polychlorinated biphenyls 多氯聯(lián)苯chlorinated benzene 氯苯P63hydrophobic 疏水性dichlorobenzene 二氯苯congener 同類vapor pressure

20、蒸氣壓capacitor 電容器plasticizer 增塑性biodegrade 生物降解anaerobic microorganisms 厭氧微生物P64phenols 酚monohydric phenol 一羥基酚carbolic acid 碳酸ionize 電離germicide 殺菌劑hemicellulose 半纖維Heterocyclic compounds 雜環(huán)化合物Dye 染料P71Sugar 糖Carbohydrate 碳水化合物monosaccharide 單糖Disaccharide 雙糖polysaccharide 多糖hexose 乙糖glucose 葡萄糖xylo

21、se 木糖Galactose 半乳糖Lactic acid 乳酸P75Condensation product 濃縮產(chǎn)品Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纖維Hemicellulose 半纖維amylase 直鏈淀粉amylopectin 支鏈淀粉iodine 碘indicator 指示劑mammals 哺乳動物structural fiber 結(jié)構(gòu)纖維sulfite 亞硫酸鹽sulfate 硫酸鹽pulping 紙漿subunit 亞單位digestive tract 消化系統(tǒng)ruminant 反芻動物P77-P84suspension 懸浮液preliminary treatment

22、預(yù)處理sedimentation 沉積作用anaerobic digestion 厭氧消化filtration 過濾centrifugation 離心incineration 焚燒pentose 戊糖lignin 木質(zhì)素resin 樹脂pitch 柏油脂pulping process 造紙工藝derivation 衍生物yeast 酵母菌P85-P86protein 蛋白質(zhì)insulin 胰島素amino 氨基ribonuclease 核糖核酸hemoglobin 血紅蛋白nitrogen 氮oxygen 氧iron 鐵hydrolytic enzyme 水解酶P87-P96detergent

23、 洗滌劑ingredient 成分surface-active agent 表面活性劑surfactant 表面活性物質(zhì)polar 極性sodium 鈉potassium 鉀rodent 利齒動物insect 昆蟲categorize 分類herbicide 除草劑algicide 除藻劑fungicide 除菌劑chemical properties 化學(xué)特性toxic properties 毒性trace organics 微量有機物concentration 濃度impurity 雜質(zhì)epidemiological 流行病學(xué)statistical study 統(tǒng)計學(xué)P97organ 器官

24、kidney 腎liver 肝extraction 萃取gas chromatography（GC） 氣相色譜liquid chromatography（LC） 液相色譜hexane 正乙烷immune 免疫的exudate 滲出物decomposition 分解polymeric 聚合phenolic 苯酚的humic substance 腐殖質(zhì)excneta 排泄物aquatic plant 水生植物potential hazard 潛在危險P100Solubility 溶解性Hydrophobicity 疏水性Polarity 極性Volatility 揮發(fā)性Density 密度Sorp

25、tion 吸附Transformation 轉(zhuǎn)換Partitioning 分配Photochemical 光化學(xué)的P125Standard method 標準方法Parts per million (ppm)Parts per billion (ppb)Parts per trillion (ppt)International system of units (SI)Milligrams per liter (mg/L)Micrograms per liter (g/L)nanograms per liter (ng/L)P133general operation 一般操作keystone 關(guān)

26、鍵field investigation 野外調(diào)查specialized course 專業(yè)課程P134sample 采樣instantaneously 瞬間的frequency of sample 采樣頻率grab sample 隨機采樣Composited sample 組合樣品at regular intervals 一定間隔detention time 停留時間P135influent 進水effluent 出水a(chǎn)pparatus 裝置reagent 化學(xué)試劑solubility 溶解度coefficient of expansion 膨脹系數(shù)specification 規(guī)格preci

27、pitation 沉淀purity 純度ignition 灼燒purification 純化P136weight analysis 重量分析membrane 膜bound water 結(jié)合水filter paper 濾紙glass fiber filter 玻璃纖維濾紙porosity 孔隙barium sulfate 硫酸鋇ferric hydroxide 氫氧化鐵vessel 容器drainage 排水drying 烘干free water 自由水crystallization 結(jié)晶P137volatilization 揮發(fā)decomposition 分解desiccation 干燥eva

28、poration dish 蒸發(fā)皿crucible 坩堝moisture 濕度relative humidity 相對濕度desiccator 干燥器anhydrous calcium chloride 無水氯化鈣analytical balance 分析天平P139fixed solid 固定固體volatile solid 揮發(fā)固體time consuming 消耗時間的constant weight 恒重gross weight 毛重net weight 凈重porcelain 陶瓷platinum ware 鉑制器皿pretreatment 預(yù)處理P140semisolid sampl

29、e 半固體樣品volumetric analysis 容積分析standard solution 標準溶液glassware 玻璃器皿suitable strength 適當強度stoichiometric end point 化學(xué)當量終點calibrate 校正buret 滴定管cylinder 量筒calibrated glassware 標正玻璃器皿Indicator 指示劑P141-P157pipet 移液管chromic acid 鉻酸normal solution 當量溶液primary standard 一級標準secondary standard 二級標準acid titrat

30、ion 酸滴定base titration 堿滴定oxidation reduction methods 氧化還原方法calculation 計算colorimetry 比色法spectrophotometer 分光光度計monochromatic light 單色光wavelength 波長linear coordinate paper 直角坐標紙nitrite 亞硝酸根calibration 校正turbidimetry 濁度劑法nephelometry 懸浮法precision 精度Accuracy 精確度P160Regulatory 法規(guī)acid rain 酸雨ozone layer 臭氧層World Health Organiza