英國文學史-復習資料大二英語專業(yè)必考(共15頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上1 作家作品連線 1. Geoffrey Chaucer喬叟 The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事)，The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之書）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鳥會議）The House of Fame(聲譽之堂)、Troilus and Criseyde（特羅勒斯與克麗西德）2. William Shakespeare莎士比亞Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV， Twelfth Night， King

2、Lear，Macbeth Othello,Winters Tale,The Tempest3. Francis Bacon培根 Of Marriage and Single Life（論婚姻和單身）, Of Studies,Advancement of Learning,New Atlantis,Essays4. John Donne鄧恩 (Metaphysical poems玄學派詩人) Song and Sonnets（歌與十四行詩）The Good-Morrow,Break of Day, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行詩）,At the Round Earths Imagined

3、Corners,Below,Death ,Be not Proud,Elegies,On His Mistress,To His Mistress Going to Bed5. John Milton 彌爾頓 Paradise Lost（失樂園）、 Paradise Regained（復樂園）Samson Agonistes（力士參孫）,Lycidas(利西達斯），Areopagitica,6. Daniel Defoe笛福 The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（魯濱孫漂流記）、Captain Singlet

4、on(辛格頓船長)、Moll Flanders（摩爾·弗蘭德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日記）、Roxana（羅克薩娜）7. Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 Gullivers Travels（格列佛游記） A Tale of a Tub （一只桶的故事）,A Modest Proposal（一個溫和的建議）,The Battle of the Books,The Drapiers Letter,Journal to Stella8. William Blake布萊克 Song of Innocence（天真之歌）, Song of ex

5、perience（經(jīng)驗之歌）, Poetical Sketches（詩的素描）, The Book of Thel（塞爾書）,The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,Visions of the Daughters of Albion,The Song of Los 9. Robert Burns彭斯Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose, Poems、Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect,The Tree of Liberty,Scots、Wha Hae，Holy WilliessPrayer.The Twa Dogs,

6、My Hearts in the Highlands,John Anderson,My Jo,10. William Wordsworth華茲華斯I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,Lyrical Ballads,Line Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey,Ode:Intimations of Immortality,The Solitary Reaper,Lucy Poems,The Prelude,11. Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），Biographia Lit

7、eria （文學傳記）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌謠集),The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,Christabel,12. Jane Austen簡·奧斯丁 Pride and Prejudice,Sense and Sensibility(Elinor and Marriane),Mansfield Park,Emma,Northanger Abbey,Persuasion,13. George Gordon Byron 喬治·戈登·拜倫 Hours of Idleness,English Bards and Scotc

8、h Reviewers,Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,The Giaour,The Bride of Abydos,The Siege of Corinth,Manfred,Cain,Don Juan,She Walks in Beauty14. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西·比希·雪萊 Queen Mab,The Revolt of Islam,Prometheus Unbound,The Cenci,Adonais,England in 1819,Ode to the West Wind,A Defence of Poetry15

9、. John Keats 約翰·濟慈 Endymion,Isabella,The Eve of Saint Agnes,Hyperion,Ode on a Grecian Urn,Ode to a Nightingale16. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特 Jane Eyre,Villette,Shirley,The Professor,Poems by Currer,Ellis,and Acton Bell17. Charles Dickens查爾斯·狄更斯 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,

10、Oliver Twist,Davis Copperfield,Bleak House,A Tale of Two Cities,The Old Curiosity Shop,Dombey and Son,Great Expectations18. Alfred Tennyson阿爾弗尼德· 丁尼生 Poems by Two Brothers,The Princess,In Memoriam A.H.H.,Maud,Enoch Arden,Idylls of the King19. Robert Browning羅伯特·布朗寧 Paracelsus,Strafford,Pip

11、pa Passes,Dramatic Lyrics,Dramatic Romances and Lyrics,Men and Women,Dramatic Personae,The Ring and the Book20. Matthew Arnold馬修·阿諾德 The Strayed Reveller,Poems,Poems:Second Series,New Poems,Essays in Criticism,Culture and Anarchy,Literature and Dogma21. Tomas Hardy托馬斯·哈代 Under the Greenwoo

12、d Tree,A Pair of Blue Eyes,Far From the Madding Crowd,The Return of the Native,Mayor of the Casterbridge,Tess of the DUrbervilles,Jude the Obscure,The Dynasts二、術(shù)語解釋 1、 Epic（史詩）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it origi

13、nated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic.2、 Humanism(人文主義):In the 15th century, It is a  and  stance that emphasizes the value and  of , individually and collectively prefers  and evidence over established doctrine or faith. Tho

14、mas More wrote Utopia.3、 Metaphysical poetry（玄學派）: In the17th century , metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Donne wrote Songs and Sonnets.4、 Enlig

15、htenment（啟蒙主義）: In the 18th century, the Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. Jonathan Swift wrote Gullivers travels.5、 Romanticism（浪漫主義）: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Wester

16、n culture during most of the 19th century. Robert Burns wrote A Red ,Red Rose.6、 Sonnet（十四行詩）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. Sonnet 18 is one of important sonnets written by Shakespeare.7、 Conceit(幻想主義）:A

17、 unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.8、 . Critical Realism:It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic

18、fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.三、簡答1. 就莎士比亞的一部作品做出解析Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeares humanism and his criticism of contempor

19、ary life.The play opens with Hamlets appearing in a mood of world-weariness caused by his fathers death and by his mothers hasty marriage with his uncle, and ends up with the death of major characters.Hamlet is a man free from medieval prejudices and superstitions. He has an unbounded love for the w

20、orld rather than for heaven. He cherishes a profound reverence for man, and a firm belief in mans power over destiny.  Shakespeare expressed the traditional aspects of themes, such as hesitation, inherited sin and corruption, sons seeking revenge, deception, ambition, madness, loyalty, empty ex

21、istence.Hamlet is usually regarded as the summit of his art.2. 魯濱遜漂流記的人物形象和情節(jié)Plot: It is the story of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely island. He lives on this lonely island and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of

22、 their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England. Characteristics Robinson Crusoe who desires adventure never gives in the simple life. He is not a traditional hero or epic advent

23、urer. He is always ready to admit unheroic feelings of fear or panic, as when he finds the footprint on the beach. Crusoe prefers to describe himself as an ordinary sensible man never as an exceptional hero.3. 在失樂園指撒旦的形象（The Image of Satan）(1)Satan in the poem is a rebel who rises against God and, t

24、hough defeated, still seeks for revenge. He is by far the most striking character in the poem.(2)Satan is the real hero of the poem. He is admired and respected by his fellow-angels. He goes through many obstacles and makes revolt against God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility.

25、 He welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution)(3)Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.4. 培根散文節(jié)選段落評價(Characteristics of Bacons Essays)Bacons essays are characterized by their conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practic

26、ality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸飾文體)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as they are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding m

27、an and society. These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, youth and age and many othersThey have won popularity for his clearness, brevity (簡短) and force of expression選擇了（論讀書）Of studies in detail discussed the purpose

28、and function of reading, analyzes many different attitudes towards reading and introduces the methods of reading. Bacon in this this essay uses the parallelism. This essay is one of the important article.Bacons essays are characterized by their

29、conciseness and brevity, simplicity and forcefulness, practicality and versatility.His essays have been considered as a reformation of popular euphuism(夸飾文體)of his contemporaries. Usually each essay discusses a single subject, for instance, Of Beauty, Of Marriage, Of Riches, Of Studies. Short as the

30、y are, these essays show Bacons profundity in understanding man and society. 5. 傲慢與偏見的情節(jié)(Pride and Prejudice)Elizabeth was born to a family of small landowners four s, Jane, Mary, Katie and Lydia. They have a little monotonous quiet life along with the two young guys coming up and it is undeniable a

31、nd eliminate the waves. Bingley is healthy and progressive and rich Darcy is a good friend, became acquainted with the town lure of this home.Elizabeth is both intelligent and strong-minded woman. Although Darcy and Elizabeth from Pride and Prejudice, respectively, while the other left out, unaware

32、of their true mind, but they really attracted to each other. Finally, in Elizabeth's sister after the elopement with Lydia, Darcy save her reputation. They gradually eliminate misunderstanding between them , eventually engaged.6.Byronic Hero(拜倫式英雄)Byronic hero refers to a proud, myster

33、ious rebel figure of noble origin.2>with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion

34、, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3>Byrons chief contribution to English literature is his creation of the“Byronic Hero”7.格列佛游記的情節(jié)When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadven

35、tures awaiting him. Shipwrecked at sea and nearly drowned, he washes ashore upon an exotic island called Lilliput-where the people are only six inches tall! Next he visits a land of incredible s called Brobdingnagians. They are more than sixty feet tall! He s to Laputa, a city that floats in the sky

36、, and to Glubbdubdrib, the Island of Sorcerers. His final voyage brings him into contact with the Yahoos-a brutish race of subhumans-and an intelligent and virtuous race of horse, the Houyhnhnms.四、詩歌賞析1.水仙花The Daffodils賞析1.Wordsworth made use of the description in his sister's diary,as well

37、 as of his memory of the daffodils in Gowbarrow Park,by Ullswater.Cf.Dorothy Wordsworth's Journal,April 15,1802:"I never saw daffodils so beautiful.They grew among the mossy stones .; some rested their heads upon these stones,as on a pillow for weariness; and the rest tossed

38、and reeled and danced,and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind,that blew upon them over the lake; they looked so gay,ever glancing,ever changing." 2.'They flash upon that inward eye.':Wordsworth said that these were the two best lines in the poem and that t

39、hey were composed by his wife.Biography and Assessment:Wordsworth was born in the Lake District of northern England.The natural scenery of the English lakes could terrify as well as nurture,as Wordsworth would later testify in the line "I grew up fostered alike by beauty and by f

40、ear," but its generally benign aspect gave the growing boy the confidence he articulated in one of his first important poems,"Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey .," namely,"that Nature never did betray the heart that loved her." . Wordswo

41、rth moved on in 1787 to St.John's College,Cambridge.Repelled by the competitive pressures there,he elected to idle his way through the university,persuaded that he "was not for that hour,nor for that place." The most important thing he did in his college years was to dev

42、ote his summer vacation in 1790 to a long walking tour through revolutionary France.There he was caught up in the passionate enthusiasm that followed the fall of the Bastille,and became an ardent republican sympathizer. The three or four years that followed his return to England

43、were the darkest of Wordsworth's life.Unprepared for any profession,rootless,virtually penniless,bitterly hostile to his own country's opposition to the French,he knocked about London in the company of radicals like William Godwin and learned to feel a profound sympathy for th

44、e abandoned mothers,beggars,children,vagrants,and victims of England's wars who began to march through the sombre poems he began writing at this time.This dark period ended in 1795,when a friend's legacy made possible Wordsworth's reunion with his beloved sister Dorothy-th

45、e two were never again to live apart-and their move in 1797 to Alfoxden House,near Bristol.There Wordsworth became friends with a fellow poet,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,and they formed a partnership that would change both poets' lives and alter the course of English poetry. 

46、;Through all these years Wordsworth was assailed by vicious and tireless critical attacks by contemptuous reviewers; no great poet has ever had to endure worse.But finally,with the publication of The River Duddon in 1820,the tide began to turn,and by the mid-1830s his reputation had b

47、een established with both critics and the reading public.Wordsworth's last years were given over partly to "tinkering" his poems,as the family called his compulsive and persistent habit of revising his earlier poems through edition after edition.The Prelude,for instance,went

48、through four distinct manuscript versions (1798-99,1805-06,1818-20,and 1832-39) and was published only after the poet's death in 1850.Most readers find the earliest versions of The Prelude and other heavily revised poems to be the best,but flashes of brilliance can appear in revis

49、ions added when the poet was in his seventies.Wordsworth succeeded his friend Robert Southey as Britain's poet laureate in 1843 and held that post until his own death in 1850.Thereafter his influence was felt throughout the rest of the 19th century,though he was honoured more for

50、his smaller poems,as singled out by the Victorian critic Matthew Arnold,than for his masterpiece,The Prelude.In the 20th century his reputation was strengthened both by recognition of his importance in the Romantic movement and by an appreciation of the darker elements in his per

51、sonality and verse.William Wordsworth was the central figure in the English Romantic revolution in poetry.His contribution to it was threefold.First,he formulated in his poems and his essays a new attitude toward nature.This was more than a matter of introducing nature imagery into hi

52、s verse; it amounted to a fresh view of the organic relation between man and the natural world,and it culminated in metaphors of a wedding between nature and the human mind,and beyond that,in the sweeping metaphor of nature as emblematic of the mind of God,a mind that "feeds

53、 upon infinity" and "broods over the dark abyss." Second,Wordsworth probed deeply into his own sensibility as he traced,in his finest poem,The Prelude,the "growth of a poet's mind." The Prelude was in fact the first long autobiographical poem.Writing

54、it in a drawn-out process of self-exploration,Wordsworth worked his way toward a modern psychological understanding of his own nature,and thus more broadly of human nature.Third,Wordsworth placed poetry at the centre of human experience; in impassioned rhetoric he pronounced poet

55、ry to be nothing less than "the first and last of all knowledge-it is as immortal as the heart of man," and he then went on to create some of the greatest English poetry of his century.It is probably safe to say that by the late 20th century he stood in critical estimation&#

56、160;where Coleridge and Arnold had originally placed him,next to John Milton-who stands,of course,next to William Shakespeare.Some comments:1.We often go through life as if we were unconscious of what is going on around us - like clouds.We notice many things some of which are beautiful

57、0;and some ordinary.But being distracted - not poets,who would naturally notice and be gay at the sight - we fail to be lifted by the simple but awesome beauty that surrounds us.WW was not being a poet at the time and so he "little thought what wealth to him the show had wrought.

58、" He was forced to try to re-experience it from memory - his inward eye - in order to fill his heart with the pleasure he missed when he actually saw the daffodils.To me,the poem serves as a reminder that our happiness is best served if we live our lives as poets and notice the s

59、imple beauty that nature gives us daily.Where ordinary people see flowers,the poet sees stars,dancers,happy celebrations of nature's miracles and is pleasured.Live as a poet!2.I always thought of the poem as a simple poem of yellow gay springtime.Having really looked at the p

60、oem something clicked and I have a profound understanding that I had overlooked - The word 'DANCE' is in every stanza - Dance the cosmic creative energy that transforms space into time,is the rhythm of the universe.Round dancing,was a dance that imitated the sun's cou

61、rse in the heavens and enclosed a sacred space.The round,yellow,golden cups of the daffodil can easily symbolize the sun,the sacred sun of incorruptibile wisdom,superior and noble.Dancing as the Dance of Siva is the eternal movement of the universe the 'play' of creatio,or the 'fluttering' frenzy emotional chaos of Dionysian/Bacchic.The stars,messengers of the gods,the eyes of night,and hope,toss their 'head,' the