(完整)高中英語長難句分析

1、長難句分析、長難句的分類1、帶有較多成分的簡單句。如：Having chosen family television programs and women' s mag，azitnhestoothpaste marketer，for instance ， must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women magazines to be used. 例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷商還必須挑選出 要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。在這

2、個有 30 多個詞的簡單句中， 動詞 -ing 形式短語用作時間狀語， 不定式 to be used 修飾 的不僅是 womehs magazine, 而且還修飾 television programs and stations. exact television 同時 修飾 programs 和 stations 兩個詞，這在翻譯中可以看出來。插入語 for instance 把主語和謂語 分隔開了。2、含有多個簡單句的并列句。如：In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale, had a wonderful wife and five beautiful ch

3、ildren , but he was terribly unhappy. 在 20世紀(jì) 70年代,他在耶魯當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生,有位出色的太太和 5 個漂亮的 孩子,但他那時過得卻很不開心。在第二個并列句中,即在 had 前面省略了 and he.Discrimination（ 歧視 ） isn 'their only concern ； almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington ' s g基因）develops symptoms（癥狀）during middle age , and doctors can do nothi

4、ng to help. 擔(dān)心受到歧視并不是他們唯一的憂慮，幾乎所有遺傳性亨廷頓病基因檢測呈陽性的人 在中年時癥狀都會顯現(xiàn)出來，而醫(yī)生對此卻無能為力。三個分句均為簡單句，分別用分號和 and 連接。3、含有多個從句的復(fù)合句。如：I can ' t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth' s population grows and we usmore of our nonrenewable（ 不能再生的 ） resources， our children may have to lead poorer lives.我不

5、能總是生活在對這種可能性的憂慮中： 由于地球上人口的不斷增長， 由于我們正在消 耗掉越來越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過著更加貧窮的生活。在possibility后由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句中還含有一并列結(jié)構(gòu)的時間狀語從句：asresources.However ， those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students（文科生）graduate with the beli

6、ef that the prospective（預(yù)期的）workplace may not have a place for them.然而，我們這些有這個年齡段孩子的家長們都知道，這樣的機(jī)會少得可憐；我們也知道， 許多文科畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為未來的就業(yè)市場沒有他們的一席之地。本句的主謂語是：those of us know。know有兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中第二個省略了 know。在主句中還有一個定語從句修飾 those of us,在第二個賓語從句中還有一個同位語從句修飾 belief 。4、含有多個插入成分的句子。如：His journey to the e-mail hell bega

7、n innocently （無知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International ，a software company ， he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂開始的。 作為 國際計算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長， 他當(dāng)時還是第一次聽說他的雇員們是多么快地就 接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)。as chairman of Computer A

8、ssociates International 是 he 的同位語， a software company 是 Computer Associates International 的同位語， 他們將從屬連詞 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主語分隔開了。5、并列復(fù)合句。如：I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse ， but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not ， change was unavoidable.我經(jīng)歷過好的變

9、化， 也經(jīng)歷過壞的變化， 但是我從來沒有懷疑過這樣一個事實(shí)， 即不管我 喜歡與否，變化總是不可避免的。在 but 后的那個并列的分句中有一個同位語從句，其中還含有一個讓步狀語從句。They also found that the bus conductor had a major role in preventing vandalism （故意破壞行 為）,and at the times he went up the stairs to the upper deck to collect fares , vandalism did not often occur.他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)公交車售票員在防止

10、發(fā)生故意破壞方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。 當(dāng)售票員到雙層公 交車的上層收費(fèi)時，破壞行為就不常發(fā)生。在前一個并列分句中有一個賓語從句， 在后一個并列的分句中有一個修飾 times 的定語從 句，這個定語從句前省略了關(guān)系詞 that 或 when.二、長難句分析步驟1、首先確定句子是簡單句、復(fù)合句或并列句。2、如果是簡單句，首先確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；接著確定賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語（如有的話）；然后確定定語和狀語等次要成分，即找出主語、謂語和賓語各自的修飾語。按照所確定的各個成 分，給出全句大意（可用翻譯法） 。譯文意思應(yīng)當(dāng)通順，并和上下文意義基本吻合。如意義出 入較大，文理不通，則分析可能有誤，這時應(yīng)考慮重新進(jìn)行句子

11、結(jié)構(gòu)分析。3、如果是并列句，首先應(yīng)找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個分句；接著按照簡單句的 分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后將全句綜合考慮。4、如果是復(fù)合句，首先找出從屬連詞并確定出主句，這時應(yīng)特別注意連詞省略現(xiàn)象和多 義連詞在句中的確切含義；接著按照簡單句的分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然 后確定從句的性質(zhì)，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)；最后整體考慮全句大意，尤其要 注意對修飾語的判斷是否準(zhǔn)確。三、長難句分析的注意事項(xiàng) 在分析句子成分時，還應(yīng)特別注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1、是否有同位語和插入語。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替代詞的所指對象。4、判斷并列成分的層次。5、句首

12、的并列連詞 and、 or、 but、 for 通常起承上啟下的作用，不要將他們歸入后文的句 法分析。6、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動詞短語在句中作次要成分（定語和狀語）時又帶著自己較長的從屬成分，尤 其是狀語從句或賓語從句時的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個從句的復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語（單個詞、短語或從句）究竟是全句的修飾語 還是某個從句或詞語的修飾語。練習(xí)：1. Canada has vast areas of wilderness, from the Arctic north, where average winter temperatures are usually m

13、inus 20 degrees centigrade, to the 8,892-kilometre-long border with the USA to the south, which is the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.2. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, is the second largest city in Canada, and also the second largest French-speaking ci

14、ty in the world, Paris being the largest.3. As a modern, dynamic city, Montreal has a lively night scene, with many restaurants and clubs, as well as cultural and street festivals to ensure that no visitor is ever bored.4. It also has superb scenery, a beautiful harbour, and all the comforts of mode

15、rn life and international cuisine, in addition to being close to some very popular ski areas.5. The waterfalls, the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle, are 670 metres wide, and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.6. Although only a handful of people became successful, many st

16、ayed and built settlements in the area, and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.7. Indeed, sitting in front of the television watching a sports event, with a drink in one hand and some fast food in the other, is very common in Australia.8. Another popular sport, cricket,

17、is originally from the UK, and has been exported to and followed in countries influenced by it, such as Australia, India, Pakistan, Kenya and South Africa.9. I think that that that that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.10. Having chosen family television programs and women'，thsemto

18、aogtahzpinaestse marketer，forinstance， must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women magazines to be used.11. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to

19、help reduce unemployment pressures 。 （2009 江蘇 ）12. However ， those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students（文科生）graduate with the belief that the prospective（預(yù)期的）workplace may not have a place for them.13. If yo

20、u ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you, but none owill get answers like“Shakespeare ”, “Samuel Johnson ”, and “Webster ”had any effect at all compared to a man didn't even speakWEilnligalmis,hthe Conqueror.14. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his chi