中考英語總復習之主謂一致-詳解與練習

1、定義：主謂一致是指1.語法形式上要一致，即單復數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2.意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數(shù)要與謂語的單復數(shù)形式一致。3.就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞用動詞復數(shù)。主謂一致的用法：1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。例如： The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground.

2、這些學生正在操場上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例如： More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 4. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。 Tw

3、enty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復數(shù)

4、名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： One and a half hours is enough. 一個半小時足夠了。 7. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： To see is to believe 眼見為實。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個學生考試不及格。 9. 主語為某些詞組，如one of , each of, ever

5、y one of, any one of , none of 等加復數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語用單數(shù)。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.10. “定冠詞+姓氏復數(shù)形式”表示一家人時，謂語一般用復數(shù)。 The Smiths are having dinner.11. people, police, cattle, poultry等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，The police are waiting for the boy. 12. 不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybod

6、y,everyone,everything,nobody,no one, nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，例如： Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 Neither answer is correct兩個答案都不正確

7、。 14. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如： No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。 15. 由bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式； Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。16. a number of+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；the number of +復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單

8、數(shù)。例如： A number of famous people were invited to party. 許多名人都被邀請參加這個聚會。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我們學校的學生數(shù)超過800人。 17. 當kind of, pair of, glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語修飾主語時，謂語與kind, pair, glass等一致。例如： This pair of shoes is Toms. 這雙鞋是湯姆的。 There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有

9、兩杯水。 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂，富人卻過得不快樂。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 19. 以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。例如： There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本書，三只鋼筆。 Here are some books and paper for you. 這

10、是給你的書和紙。 20 or, eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。例如： Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯了。 Either this one or that one is ok. 這一個或那一個都行。 21 當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞由主語的單復數(shù)決定。例如： Mike with his father has

11、been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。 Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 22 “l(fā)ots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名詞”或“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞取決于名詞的數(shù)；若是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)；若名詞是復數(shù)，則用復數(shù) Lots of his money is spent on books.23. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+

12、單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) 24 family, class, group, team, audience, crow, company, committee等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。例如： People h

13、ere are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 25 none 如果指量，動詞用單數(shù)。若用來指數(shù)目，與可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)，none 如果代表不可數(shù)名詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 None of the land has become desert.這些土地都沒有變成沙漠。26 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞由of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Most

14、of his time is spent on study.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.27.在一些短語中，如：many a /more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than .of 作主語時，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 More a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city,百分之六十多的學生都來自這個城市。28.

15、當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 The Red Star over China is a book known to lovers of English.西行漫記是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。29.一些有成雙部分的衣物名詞或工具名詞如：glasses, trousers, gloves, shoes, scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。若用了pair等計量單位名詞修飾，謂語動詞的形式由pair等詞的單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如：My trousers are old, I want to buy a new pair.A pair of new shoes is given t

16、o me as a present by my father.Here are some new pairs of shoes.專項訓練1. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.a. knows b. know c. have known d. is known2. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.a. is b. are c. were d. has been3. All but one _ here just now.a. is b. was c. has been d. were4. His Sele

17、cted Poems _ first published in 1965.a. were b. was c. has been d. is5. When and where to build the factory _ yet.a. is not decided b. are not decided c. has not decided d. have not decided6. A fork and knife _ on the table.a. is b. are c. has been d. have been7. Where _ dirt, there are flies.a. the

18、re has b. is c. there is d. there are8. Each soldier and sailor _ a rifle.a. are given b. was given c. being given d. were given9. My clothes _ made to order.a. is b. are c. has d. have10. The old _ taken good care of in our country.a. is b. has c. are d. have11. More than one person _ made the sugg

19、estion.a. was b. has c. where d. have12. Half of the students _ made the same mistake.a. has b. have c. is d. are13. This is one of the best films that _ this year.a. is appearing b. appear c. has appeared d. have appeared14. Something _ gone wrong with my TV set.a. has b. have c. is d. are15. _ goo

20、d exercise.a. Climbing hills is b. Climbing the hill is c. The climbing hills are d. The climbing of hills are16. Either Tom or I _ to blame.a. to be b. am c. are d. is17. A new type of car _ now on show.a. is b. are c. has d. have18. The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them _ not.a.

21、was b. were c. being d. to be19. Twenty dollars _ enough for the coat.a. is b. are c. has d. have20. Five minus three _ two.a. is b. are c. was d. were 21.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were22.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is

22、 B.are C.am D.be 23.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered 24.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided 25.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were , was B.was , was C.was , were