英語專業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)匯總

1、!英語專業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)匯總 英國(guó)概況!2010-10-24 10:50|(分類:默認(rèn)分類)1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _D_.英國(guó)之所以能成為世界上最早開始工業(yè)化的國(guó)家,原因有很多。但英國(guó)是從17世紀(jì)以后逐步開始對(duì)海外貿(mào)易和開拓海外殖民地產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had

2、many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Themonarchhas very little power.英國(guó)是

3、君主立憲制國(guó)家，國(guó)王或女王（君主）幾乎沒什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。3.the Conservative Partyhas always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?保守黨和自由黨是英國(guó)最早成立的兩個(gè)黨派。大致來說，保守黨是中上層階級(jí)的黨，它得到大公司財(cái)政上的支持；而工黨主要得到工會(huì)的支持，它的支持者主要是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和知識(shí)分子。4.On acceptingBill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a mona

4、rchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.權(quán)利法案的簽署，標(biāo)志著英國(guó)進(jìn)入了君主立憲制時(shí)代，一個(gè)君主幾乎沒有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性權(quán)力并受制于議會(huì)的時(shí)代。5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until1918.直到1918年婦女才在全國(guó)大選中享有選舉權(quán)。6.The British North America Act of 1867 establishedCanadaas a domain.1867年英國(guó)北美法案將加拿大納為它的自治領(lǐng)。7.During World War II, as a

5、war leader,Winston Churchillreceived massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)首相丘吉爾作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)統(tǒng)帥受到了英國(guó)人民的廣泛擁戴，并帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)人民贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后勝利。8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain andArgentina.?？颂m群島戰(zhàn)役是發(fā)生在英國(guó)和阿根廷著這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間。位于大西洋南部的?？颂m群島從1892年起就是英國(guó)的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷開始控制這些島嶼，但是英

6、國(guó)最終打敗了阿根廷，并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。9.In Britain, aby-electionis held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.英國(guó)的下院議會(huì)成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時(shí)，就要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺選舉。10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation ofthe Prime Minister.在英國(guó)，部長(zhǎng)們是由首相推薦，女王加以任命的。11.There are651members in the Hou

7、se of Commons.下議院共有651名議員。12.Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister?(c)A.Margaret ThatcherB.Winston ChurchillC.Horatio NelsonD.John Major撒切爾夫人，丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過英國(guó)首相；而納爾遜（1758-1805），英國(guó)海軍統(tǒng)帥，因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊(duì)司令，在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊(duì)，本人受重傷陣亡，號(hào)稱Viscount Nelson。13.By traditi

8、on, the leader of the majority party is appointedPrime Ministerby the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.在英國(guó)，按照傳統(tǒng)，多數(shù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人由君主任命為首相，首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)任各部部長(zhǎng)職位。14.The Tories were the forerunners ofthe Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today.托利黨是英國(guó)保守黨的前身。15.In the United Kingdom, the party wh

9、ich wins thesecond largestnumber of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.在英國(guó)，在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對(duì)黨，它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣（shadow cabinet）。16.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britainseconomicdecline.現(xiàn)在“英國(guó)病”這一術(shù)語經(jīng)常用來指英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的衰退。17.The 1980s was remembered as the

10、decade ofprivatization.正如20世紀(jì)40年代被看作是國(guó)有化的時(shí)代一樣，20世紀(jì)80年代被看作是私有化的時(shí)代。包括英國(guó)石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎40%的國(guó)有公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了私有化。18.Today, in Britain，coal miningis called a “sick” industry.英國(guó)煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國(guó)的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，如今的英國(guó)的煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導(dǎo)致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th

11、 century, and the Scottish inventorJames Wattmodified and improved the design in 1765.第一臺(tái)蒸汽機(jī)是Thomas Newcomer在17世紀(jì)末設(shè)計(jì)的，后來蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在1765年對(duì)原有的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)提高，生產(chǎn)出了第一臺(tái)高效的蒸汽機(jī)并應(yīng)用到紡織和其他機(jī)械業(yè)中。20.The Industrial Revolutioncreated the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了

12、工人階級(jí)，即無產(chǎn)階級(jí)。后來形成了工會(huì)制度。21.Cotton Textileis the key to Industrial Revolution.紡織業(yè)的改革是英國(guó)工業(yè)革命的主要成就之一。22.Romanticismbecame a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的主要文學(xué)流派是浪漫主義。23.Modern football game began inEngland.現(xiàn)代的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)起源于英國(guó)。其正宗的老家在英格蘭，19世紀(jì)興起。24.Prime Minister

13、is the leader of the British government.英國(guó)的政體是君主立憲制。國(guó)王（女王）是國(guó)家元首，但政府的首領(lǐng)為首相。25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.英國(guó)的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格蘭中部平原，是國(guó)際化大都市，也是英國(guó)的工業(yè)和制造業(yè)中心。26.The Romansintroduced Christianity into Britain.公元43年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)英國(guó)，其

14、后統(tǒng)治了400多年?；酵骄褪窃谶@一時(shí)期由羅馬人傳入英國(guó)的。27.The real power of the British government lies inthe cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.君主立憲制下，國(guó)王的作用更側(cè)重于其象征意義，而實(shí)權(quán)為內(nèi)閣所有，內(nèi)閣由首相率領(lǐng)。28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of5to16.英國(guó)的教育體系中的義務(wù)教育階段是5-16歲，這是每一位學(xué)生在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的最低年限。29.The longest river i

15、n Britain isthe Severn River, and the largest river in the USA isthe Mississippi.英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河是塞文河，全長(zhǎng)355公里，美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河是密西西比河，長(zhǎng)4000公里左右。30.The general election in Britain is held everyfiveyears.英國(guó)大選每5年舉行一次。31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain?(D)A RomanB Anglo-SaxonsC JutesD Celts凱爾特在公元前700年到英國(guó)

16、，羅馬人在公元1到5世紀(jì)統(tǒng)治英國(guó)，5世紀(jì)中期盎格魯撒克遜人侵占英國(guó)，因此凱爾特人是最早踏入英國(guó)的。32.The Hundred Years War between Britain and France was foughtfrom 1337 to 1453.英法百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于1337年到1453年間，中間還發(fā)生了黑死病。33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year1949.愛爾蘭共和國(guó)在1949年獨(dú)立。34.The English Civil War is also calledthe Puritan Revolution.

17、英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)于1642年到1646年間發(fā)生，國(guó)王查爾斯與議會(huì)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，實(shí)際上是國(guó)王與清教徒之間的矛盾引起的，結(jié)果議會(huì)勝利。35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in thesouthand the North Sea in the east,英國(guó)南面與法國(guó)隔著英吉利海峽。36.The largest lake in Britain isthe Lough Neagh.英國(guó)最大的湖是內(nèi)伊湖，最長(zhǎng)的河流是塞文河。37.The majority of people in Scotland livein

18、 the central Lowlands?蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存，是蘇格蘭工業(yè)和人高度集中的地區(qū)。38.In Britain only about2%of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.由于英國(guó)農(nóng)作業(yè)時(shí)的高度機(jī)械化，只需利用全國(guó)2%的人口來耕作大面積農(nóng)地。39.The two important crops in Britain arewheat and barley.小麥和大麥?zhǔn)怯?guó)最重要的莊稼。40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16c

19、an legally receive completely free education.英國(guó)的義務(wù)教育是從5歲到16歲，所以期間的教育全部免費(fèi)。41.Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?(D)A The TelegraphB The GuardianC The News of the WorldD The Times英國(guó)歷史上最悠久的日?qǐng)?bào)是泰晤士報(bào)。42.The river Thames is inEngland.泰晤士河位于英格蘭。43.The Industrial Revolution started

20、inthe Great Britain.工業(yè)革命最早從英國(guó)開始。44.Which of the following is true under Thatchers administration?(C)A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Public housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.1979年撒切爾夫人成

21、為英國(guó)第一任女首相。她提出的政策稱被為“撒切爾主義”。其內(nèi)容包括國(guó)有企業(yè)私有化，采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹，削弱工會(huì)的影響，加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)因素在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用，將公有住房賣給公眾，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律和秩序。在一定程度上講，她的計(jì)劃是成功的。她領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)度過了一段最繁華的時(shí)期。45.Britain has its nuclear naval force sinceits a traditional sea power.英國(guó)擁有其海軍核力量與其一貫的霸主地位是密切相關(guān)的。46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in B

22、ritain? (C)A The TimesB The GuardianC The ObserverD The Financial Times觀察家報(bào)創(chuàng)刊于1791年，是英國(guó)創(chuàng)刊最早的星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙。47.Big Ben was named afterBenjamin Hall.據(jù)說Big Ben得名于它在1859年修建時(shí)候的建造者Benjamin Hall。48.The Capital of Wales isCardiff.威爾士位于大不列顛的西部。首府：加的夫。49.Portsmouthis Englands biggest naval base.英國(guó)最大的海軍基地是普茨茅斯。50.There

23、 are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party andthe Labour Party.英國(guó)奉行的是兩黨制。其兩大主要政黨是保守黨和工黨。1. Which name is NOT related to Britain?(D)A Northern IrelandB ScotlandC WalesD Toronto2. The news agency Reuters was founded inLondon.路透社創(chuàng)建于倫敦。3. The tower of London, a historical sight,

24、located in the center of London, was built byWilliam the Conqueror.倫敦塔是1078年為防止羅馬入侵由威廉大帝修建的。4.The Anglo-Saxonwere the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.英國(guó)民族的前身是安格魯薩克森人。5.Glasgowis the largest city in Scotland.格拉斯格是蘇格蘭最大的城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。6. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16can le

25、gally receive completely free education.英國(guó)小孩516歲的教育是免費(fèi)的。7. The Industrial Revolution started inthe Great Britain.工業(yè)革命起源于英國(guó)。8.Ben Nevisis the name of Britains highest mountain?本尼維斯山為英國(guó)最高峰。9.The United Kingdomis the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way.提起英國(guó)，很多人會(huì)使用名字“Britain”，“Eng

26、land”或“British”，但這往往會(huì)惹惱蘇格蘭人，威爾士人以及北愛爾蘭人。從政治角度來講，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或“the United Kingdom/UK”是英國(guó)正確的叫法?！皌he British Isles”則是地理意義上的名字，包括Great Britain，the whole of Ireland（Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man這些島嶼。10 Britain has, for centuri

27、es , been slowly tilting withthe North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英國(guó)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來地勢(shì)一直在緩慢地傾斜，表現(xiàn)為西北部在慢慢上升，而東南部在慢慢下沉，所以英國(guó)的西北部為高地。11. The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live areLondon and heart of England.現(xiàn)在，英國(guó)移民主要集中在倫敦及英格蘭心臟地帶的一些城市和城鎮(zhèn)，諸如Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampto

28、n, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford和Reading等等。12. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up ofthreecrosses.英國(guó)國(guó)旗為紅白藍(lán)三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”），是由三個(gè)十字組成。13. Which flower is symbol of England? (D)A ThistleB ShamrockC DaffodilD RoseA，薊是蘇格蘭的象征，用作蘇格蘭的國(guó)徽；B，三葉苜?；閻蹱柼m的國(guó)花；C

29、，黃水仙花是威爾士的國(guó)花；D，玫瑰則是英格蘭的國(guó)花。14.Lake Districtwas the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.位于英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部的湖區(qū)是英國(guó)著名的風(fēng)景區(qū)之一，也是英國(guó)十九世紀(jì)湖畔詩人聚居的地方。15. The first known settlers of Britain were theIberians.最早來英國(guó)定居的是伊比利亞人。大約在公元前3000年左右，也就是新石器

30、時(shí)代，他們從伊比利亞半島（即今天的西班牙）來到英國(guó)。16.Julius Caesarinvaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC.英國(guó)的歷史是從羅馬人的入侵開始的。愷撒，這位偉大的羅馬將軍，在公元前55年第一次帶兵入侵并征服了英國(guó)。17. Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?(c)A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of

31、slave class.B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuriesC The Romans didnt like the Britons.D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.盡管羅馬人征服了英國(guó)，但是羅馬文化對(duì)英國(guó)的影響十分有限。這主要是因?yàn)椋毫_馬人一直把英國(guó)人看作是社會(huì)地位相當(dāng)于奴隸的被降伏的民族；在長(zhǎng)達(dá)四個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間里從來沒有羅馬人跟英國(guó)人通婚；羅馬人對(duì)英國(guó)平民階層的語言和文化沒有任何影響。18

32、. The Hundred Years war with France ended by the English being driven out of France. By 1453Calaiswas the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.英法之間的百年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以英國(guó)人被趕出法國(guó)而告終。到1453年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，只有法國(guó)北部的加萊港還在英國(guó)人手里。19. Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feu

33、dalism? (A)A The Wars of the RosesB The Hundred Years WarC The English Civil WarD World War I盡管玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了30年，但對(duì)老百姓的生活幾乎沒什么影響，反倒使英國(guó)的封建主義受到致命打擊，貴族階層受到了削弱。20. The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modernworldhistory.英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)也叫“清教徒革命”，這是因?yàn)榉磳?duì)國(guó)王的人大部

34、分是那些清教徒。英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)不僅推翻了英國(guó)的封建制度，也動(dòng)搖了歐洲封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)。所以，從這個(gè)角度講，英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)通常被看作現(xiàn)代世界史的開端。21.Scotlandis the home of golf.高 爾夫是一項(xiàng)古老的貴族的運(yùn)動(dòng)，源于十五世紀(jì)或更早以前的蘇格蘭，蘇格蘭地區(qū)山多，氣候濕潤(rùn)，多霧，非常適合牧草生長(zhǎng)，這里的工業(yè)文明以前是連綿不斷的牧 場(chǎng)。相傳當(dāng)時(shí)牧羊人放牧閑暇時(shí)，用木板玩游戲，將石子擊入兔子窩或洞中。久而久之形成了使用不同的球桿并按一定的規(guī)則擊球。22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland?(D)A Engl

35、ishB ScottishC GaelicD DenishGaelic蘇格蘭蓋爾語是高地蘇格蘭人的傳統(tǒng)語言；更多人使用的語言是英語。一直到15世紀(jì)末，盎格魯人仍然以他們的語言稱蘇格蘭蓋爾語為蘇格蘭語（盎格魯語：Scottish）。23.The election of1979made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.Margaret Thatcher在1979年成為英國(guó)首相，為英國(guó)史上第一個(gè)女首相。24.To its full sense, the British Parliamen

36、t consist ofthe Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.具體的說，英國(guó)的議會(huì)是由元首，上議院和下議院組成。其中，元首沒有實(shí)權(quán)，上議員由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌權(quán)，是由神職議員（the Lord Spiritual）和世俗議員（the Lord Temporal），下議院的成員是通過選舉產(chǎn)生的651名議員,以首相為首。25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by

37、William the Conqueror.倫敦塔名為“塔”，實(shí)際上是公元11世紀(jì)處于羅馬統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的一座城堡式建筑。26.There aretwostate churches in Britain.英國(guó)有兩大國(guó)教：在英格蘭是英格蘭教（Church of England）或者英國(guó)圣公會(huì)，在蘇格莎白的頭銜全稱為“托上帝宏恩，大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合國(guó)和她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的女王、英聯(lián)邦元首、基督教的保護(hù)者伊麗莎白二世”?？梢姡⑴跏腔浇痰谋Ｗo(hù)者。27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his sonRichard, th

38、e regime began immediately to collapse.Oliver Cromwell的兒子在父親過世后繼承王權(quán)，但是不久后掌控的政體瓦解。1660年，議會(huì)扶植流浪法國(guó)的前國(guó)王兒子Charles二世當(dāng)國(guó)王。28.The twenty-firstbirthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英國(guó),21歲生日是個(gè)大生日,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為21歲是大人開始的年齡。29.Reuters was founded in1851.路透社是世界四大通訊社之一，也是英國(guó)創(chuàng)辦最早的通訊社。1850年由保羅朱利葉斯路透（paul julius reuter）在德國(guó)亞琛創(chuàng)辦，1851年遷址到倫敦。創(chuàng)辦人路透原為德國(guó)人，后加入英國(guó)籍。1865年，路透把他的私人通訊社擴(kuò)展成為一家大公司。英國(guó)文學(xué)1. Irony refers to so