新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)預(yù)備級(jí)Unit1AlfredNobel a man of peace

1、Unit 1 Alfred Nobel:A Man of Peaceobjectives:o vocabulary: explosive create invent weapon award literature economics continue of ones day learn of o Grammar:定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，過(guò)去完成時(shí)o Information about Alfred Nobelexplode v.explosive adj/n.-explosion n.create v. - creative adj. - creation n.creator n.invent v

2、. inventive adj. invention n.inventor n.decide v. decisive adj. - decision n.destroy v. destructive adj.-destruction n.die v.-dead adj.-death n.continue to do sth./continue doing sth.remember to do. sth./ remember doing sth.begin v. -過(guò)去式 began-過(guò)去分詞begun spend v.-過(guò)去式spent -過(guò)去分詞spento spend on spend (

3、in)doing sth. o 答答：spend的用法 1. 在使用spend時(shí)，主語(yǔ)只能是表示人的名詞或代詞。例如: Andy spent a lot of money on books. 2. 若表示“在.上花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢等)”，常用句型spend some money/ some time on sth.，介詞on后接名詞或代詞。例如: Kitty spends two hours on her homework every day. 3. 若表示“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢等)做某事”，則常用句型spend some money / some time (in) doing sth.，此時(shí)第二

4、個(gè)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，介詞in可以省略。例如: They spent 4450 yuan buying the big colour TV set. o wonder/wander wonder wnd(r)v. 驚奇，詫異wander wnd(r) v.漫步，閑逛o physicso chemistryo medicineo literatureo economicsexplosive C a substance that can burst suddenly with a very loud noise BBC: China Blasts: Tianjin port city roc

5、ked by explosions The Times: Massive Explosions Rock Chinese City CNN: Massive blasts rock Chinese city of Tianjin The Guardian: Explosions in Chinese city of Tianjin kill at least 17 and injure hundredso explode: vi/vt 爆發(fā)，（使）爆炸o explosion n. 爆炸，炸裂，爆發(fā)o explosive n. 爆炸物，炸藥 adj. 爆炸的，突增的explosive: C a

6、substance that can burst suddenly with a very loud noiseblast: C A blast is a big explosion, especially one caused by a bomb. rock: V If an explosion or an earthquake rocks a building or an area, it causes the building or area to shake. You can also say that the building or area rocks. （使）震動(dòng)（使）震動(dòng);（使

7、）搖晃（使）搖晃o 主語(yǔ) subjecto 謂語(yǔ) predicateo 表語(yǔ) predicativeo 賓語(yǔ) objectiveo 定語(yǔ) attributiveo 狀語(yǔ) adverbialo 主 從定語(yǔ)從句o 定語(yǔ)o 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。定式、介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。在英語(yǔ)中修飾名詞或代詞的在英語(yǔ)中修飾名詞或代詞的句子句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)的位置一般有兩種定語(yǔ)的位置一般有兩種: :用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語(yǔ)，用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語(yǔ)，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語(yǔ)。用在所

8、修飾詞之后的叫后置定語(yǔ)。 單詞單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)。短短語(yǔ)和從句語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)。 1 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。2 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)，就是它們都要做做從句中的一個(gè)成分從句中的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞起名詞或代詞的作用，而關(guān)系副詞起副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的作用。3 That 和which都可以指物，當(dāng)先先行詞是all, none, one, any, few, little, much, everything, nothing, anything等時(shí)一定要用that.4 先行詞the way后

9、面的關(guān)系副詞可以省略?？衫斫鉃槭÷?了關(guān)系副詞that或in which。Who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, whyThe attributive clause 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句8 that any country fighting a war would surely be destroyed.1 The newspaper called him a person who traded in death, 2 However, the words about “trading in death” were all that th

10、e 55-year-old man read.3 Was this the way the world was going to remember him?4 He created his explosive to save lives-lives that were lost because other explosives were dangerous to use.5 Nobel was worried about the way the world looked at him.6 and they very soon became the greatest honor that a p

11、erson could receive in these fields.7 and now the world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered.賓語(yǔ)從句1 But he did not know what to do.2 and at last he knew what to do with his money.3 He decided that after he died, his money should be used fro a prize to honor people who did great things in

12、science, writing and world peace.4 People all over the world wondered who was going to get Nobels money.來(lái)訪者為客，貴客為賓。在英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)動(dòng)作動(dòng)作的接受者就是賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)不是單一的一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞時(shí)，需要用一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子表示時(shí)，就產(chǎn)生了賓語(yǔ)從句，也就是說(shuō)是個(gè)短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)了賓語(yǔ)的成分。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)上下文選用所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)一般只能用表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的某個(gè)形式。過(guò)去完成時(shí)o 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間和動(dòng)作之前，以前已經(jīng)發(fā)

13、生發(fā)生或完成完成的動(dòng)作或一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。 Had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)1 The newspaper called him a person who traded in death, because he had developed and sold explosives.2 In fact, Alfred Nobels business had made him a very rich man.3 No, he wasnt deadhis brother Ludwig had died, and the French newspaper had made a mistake.4

14、 He had spent his life working for peace in the world, and hated war.5 The report of Alfred Nobels death had been a mistake, but the decision that he made as a result finally gave him what he wanted.The newspaper continued, giving Alfred Nobels age, nation, and other information about his business.

15、Massive explosions have hit Chinas northern city of Tianjin, leaving at least 17 people dead and hundreds more injured. A series of explosions shook the northern Chinese city of Tianjin late Wednesday, killing 17 people and injuring more than 300, according to officials and state media. 分詞做狀語(yǔ)分詞做狀語(yǔ)o

16、1 Nobel was worried about the way the world looked at him, but he did not know what to do.o 2 and at last he knew what to do with his money.o 3 He decided that after he died, his money should be used for a prize to honor people who did great things in science, writing, and world peace.o 4 People all

17、 over the world wondered who was going to get Nobels money.o 5 The frist Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901, and they very soon became the greatest honor that a person could receive in these fields.o 6The report of Afred Nobles death had been a mistake, but the decision that he made as a result final

18、ly gave him what he wanted.o 7and now the world thinks of him the way he wanted to be remembered.Alfred NobelOct. 21, 1833- Dec. 10, 1896A Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, armaments manufacturerNobel Prizesin the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology/medicine, literature, world peace and econ

19、omicsAchieving fluency in English, French, German and RussianImmanuel NobelAndriette Ahlsell Nobelo Born in Stockholm Swedeno the family moves to Russia.o Alfred travels abroad.o Moving back to Swedeno 1867 Nobel invents dynamite.o factories in different placeso 1896 He was gone.The well-known sayin

20、gs of Nobelo Alfred Nobel ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry he entered life.o I do not see that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it.o Id rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone materials.獲得諾貝

21、爾獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)人o2012 Nobel Prize for LiteratureoThe Swedish Academy in Stockholm on Thursday named Mo Yan winner of the Twenty-twelve Nobel Prize in Literature.o Chinese, Irish, Japanese scientists share 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicineo STOCKHOLM, Oct. 5 (Xinhua) - Chinas Tu Youyou, Irish-born Wi

22、lliam Campbell, and Japans Satoshi Omura jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, the Nobel Assembly at Swedens Karolinska Institute announced on Monday.o1935年獲得醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)提名的科學(xué)家中有一位叫Lien-Teh Wu的中國(guó)人，他便是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)先驅(qū)、中國(guó)檢疫事業(yè)創(chuàng)始人伍連德。o1927年，瑞典學(xué)者到中國(guó)考察研究時(shí)，曾擬提名魯迅為諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)候選人。o1968年，諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)委會(huì)準(zhǔn)備把該獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給老舍，但

23、因老舍逝世，當(dāng)年獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邽榇ǘ丝党伞?o1975年，林語(yǔ)堂獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)提名。 o2000年，臺(tái)灣作家李敖以小說(shuō)北京法源寺獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)提名。當(dāng)年獲獎(jiǎng)作家是法國(guó)籍華人高行健。 o2001年，巴金獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)提名。 1 He also thought that if all countries had the same great weapons, the would see how impossible war was.If +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be用were), 主語(yǔ)+would(should, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形VocabularyIII 1 death 2 con

24、tinued 3 trade 4 create5 information 6 spend 7 destroyed 8 wonderIV 1 trade in 2 as a result of 3 in the fields of4 learn of 5 all over the world 6 at last7 worried about 8 of his dayTranslation 1 It is reported that he is very rich and he is a man who traded in weapons.2 Men or women of any country should be against war as it can destroy the country.3 People call Nobel a man of peace and a m