BeijingOpera(京劇)

1、Part 1: The origin of Beijing operaPart 2: The profession and artistic formPart 3: facial makeup and costumesPart 4: Famous characters and comparisonPart 5: conclusioncontents The origin of Beijing opera Ancient Chinese Opera originated in Qing and Han Dynasty, which came from traditional songs and

2、dances, such as the Nuo play(儺戲) and Communitys Fire(社火). Drama formed matured in Yuan Dynasty and Yuan Zaju is a sign of maturity of Chinese classical drama. Dou E Yuan, by Guan Han Qing, is one of the representatives of Yuan Zaju.Beijing OperaAnhui troupes 1790Hubei troupes1828Fully formedBy 1845I

3、n 1790s,four well-known opera groups from Anhui province headed to Beijing to celebrate 80th birthday of the Qianlong Emperor and then Anhui Opera(徽劇徽劇) integrated(整合整合) with Shanxi Opera(秦腔秦腔) and Kunqu Opera(昆劇昆劇)They are named Sanqing(三慶班三慶班) Sixi(四喜四喜班班) Hechun(和春班和春班) and Chuntai(春臺(tái)班春臺(tái)班) In 182

4、8, some opera groups from Hubei province arrived in Beijing and then the Erhuang(二黃二黃) Tone merged with Xipi(西皮西皮) Tone of Hubei forming a new type of music called Pihuang(皮黃皮黃)The groups from Anhui province and Hubei province always acted in the same stage . Gradually, a new opera with Beijing dial

5、ect (方言方言)pronunciation was born. The profession of Beijing operaMale Role (Sheng)生生 Female Role Female Role (Dan)(Dan)旦旦Painted Painted Face Male Face Male (Jing)(Jing)凈凈Comedy ActorComedy Actor or Clown or Clown （小丑）（小丑）(Chou)(Chou)丑丑 Main Roles in Beijing OperaShengSheng Male roles: Male roles: (

6、1)(1)middle-aged or old men(middle-aged or old men(老生老生) )(2) young men(2) young men(小生小生) )(3) men with (3) men with martial martial ( (軍事的；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的）軍事的；戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的） skills(skills(武生武生) ) Sheng in chinese may means “strange” or “rare”, but the most taboo in acting is “sheng”. The reason by that name of sheng is

7、 to asked actors sophistication(成熟老練，老于世故). So the chief male role is a well known character The laosheng is dignified(莊莊嚴(yán)嚴(yán)地；高地；高貴貴的）的） older role .These characters have a gentle and cultivated（有（有教養(yǎng)教養(yǎng)的）的）disposition（性情）（性情） and wear sensible（明（明智的）智的） costumesLao shengXiao sheng Young male characte

8、rs are known as xiaosheng. These characters sing in a high, shrill(尖尖銳銳的）的） voice with occasional breaks to represent the voice changing period of adolescence（青青春春期期）Wu shengThe wusheng is a martial character for roles involving combat(戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)斗）斗）. They are highly trained in acrobatics（雜雜技）技）, and have a

9、 natural voice when singing DanDan female roles: female roles: (1) a woman with a strict (1) a woman with a strict moral codemoral code（道德準(zhǔn)則）（道德準(zhǔn)則）( (青衣青衣) ) (2) Young girl(2) Young girl(花旦花旦) ) (3) an (3) an elderly womanelderly woman（大齡女人）（大齡女人）( (老旦老旦) ) The Dan refers to any female role in Beiji

10、ng Opera. Old women were played by laodan. Martial women were wudan. young female warriors were daomadan. virtuous (貞潔貞潔的的) and elite women were qingyi,and vivacious (活活潑潑的的)and unmarried women were huadanWudanWudanLaodanLaodanDaomadanDaomadanHuadanHuadanQingyiQingyiDan, which means “morning” or “ma

11、sculine”(陽(yáng)性的），陽(yáng)性的），is contrary to the feminine (陰性的）陰性的）nature of the characters. Women belong to feminine. So the opposite meanings is “Dan”Jing painted face: (1)categories(派別派別) of leading (正凈正凈)(2)(2) assisting(副凈副凈)(3) military jing(武凈武凈)It is characterized by singing(唱唱)It is characterized by a

12、cting(做做)It features acrobatics(雜技雜技) and stunts(打打)Chou Clown(丑角丑角):（1）gentle comedian(文丑文丑)（2）military comedian(武丑武丑)（3）female comedian(女丑女丑)Chou has the meaning ugly. This reflects the traditional belief that the clowns combination of ugliness and laughter could drive away evil spirits.Wen Chou,

13、civilian roles such as merchants（商人）（商人） and jailers.Wu Chou, minor military roles. The Wu Chou is one of the most demanding in Peking opera because of its combination of comic acting, acrobatics and a strong voice.The artistic form of Beijing operaBeijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts. T

14、hat are sing, read , do and fight.Sing and Read make up the song, one of Sing and Read make up the song, one of the two elements for the performing arts the two elements for the performing arts Do and Fight make up another big factor Do and Fight make up another big factor dance dance singing is goo

15、d at using vocal skills to express the characters personality, emotional and mental state “read” means NianBai, cooperate with sing and complement each other, also the important art means of characters thoughts and feelings “Fight” general divided into “Handle work and “Blanket work“ and it also ref

16、ers to some hard skills“Do” generally refers to the form of dance movements and is one of the main sign of drama.facial makeuplFacial makeup (臉臉譜譜)originates from masks of sacrifice（祭祀）（祭祀）.lThe facial makeup can Suggested character, introduce characteristic and distinguish(區(qū)分區(qū)分) between good evil b

17、eauty and ugliness . red denotes uprightness(正直正直) and loyalty(忠誠(chéng)忠誠(chéng))White represents evil or crafty characters.black is given to characters of soundness and integrity(正直正直).Yellow represents ferocious(兇兇惡惡) or sinister characters.Blue and Green represent neutral character especially for outlaws of t

18、he marshesGold and silver(銀色銀色) are given to character of mystery especially for ghosts and gods.Costume of Beijing operaCOSTUME:1、The first clothing 2、The second clothing 3、The third clothingThe first clothing Classify:Python(大蟒大蟒) Improve python Flag of python Officer dress Improve officer dress L

19、earn petty officer dress The judge clothes crane cloak and Cape PythonImprove python Officer dressImprove officer dress The judge clothescrane cloak and CapeThe magistrate(地方官地方官) may wear an officer dress when there is performance of local officialsThe emperor, officials performance gentlemen are c

20、ommonly used in clothing leisure time: Cape, open cloak and pleatsFor female court officials, mainly clothing, such as the queen wife: female python, female officer dress temple, etc.To shape womens wife, miss, maids, and poverty of women garment has: female Cape, skirts, pants, jacket ,etc.The seco

21、nd clothing Depend Improve depend Arrow clothes Jacket Hold clothing Green tunic Tea garment sleeve DependImprove dependArrow clothesJacketHold clothing Green tunicTea garment sleeveCommonly known two kinds.(1)film class(2) hard classThe third clothingWater jacket: The work clothes provided by the a

22、ctor, and without prejudice(偏見(jiàn)偏見(jiàn)) to the protection of the coat and the two of the clothes in the performance (from the weather, or excessive sweating).film classFat coat: Main portray(描繪描繪) different characters have a healthy soul body, which is similar to the function of shoulder pads.Colored trou

23、sers:Colored trousers can roughly be divided into three kinds of names, namely red colored trousers, black color pants, variegated(雜色的雜色的) color pants .Collar: Because of the clothing style, two clothes are mostly T-shirts in order to make the characters of the perfect shape, in the show not dew nec

24、k. Therefore in front of the dress actors to take on a neck collar.Socks: (cloth socks)It is two kinds of style, the waist high socks, designed for blessing shoe, wear the soap shoes character wears, second waist short socks, designed for Dan wear colored shoes use.Thick bottom: the bottom thickness

25、 is based on actor height or actors performing level, North Korea: it is special made for Wen Chou, about one inch thick.Character: the old shoe civilian common layer shoe, short side bottom thickness of an inch. hard classClimb cloud shoe: male immortal characters commonly used, short side bottom t

26、hickness is two inch, two inch five.Soap shoes: For the slaveThin bottom: male martial arts actor of universal.Colored shoes: it is a common use for women.Color thin bottom: thin bottom is a female martial arts actor of universal.The famous characters of Peking operaM e i L a n f a n g (October 22,

27、1894 August 8, 1961) was o n e o f t h e m o s t famous Peking opera artists in modern history, exclusively(專專門地門地) known for his Qingyi roles.Mei was born in Beijing in 1894 into a family of Peking opera and Kunqu performers of Taizhou, Jiangsu ancestry. He made his stage debut in 1904 when he was

28、10 years old.Mei played an important part in the performance tradition of Kunqu, noted particularly for his interpretations of Du Liniang and Bi Szhn and Beauty Yu.Wang Peiyu was born in Suzhou at March 4, 1978, she is a famous female laosheng. In 1992, she was admitted to the Shanghai Opera SchoolRepresentative works :失空斬搜孤救孤捉放曹文昭關(guān)失空斬搜孤救孤捉放曹文昭關(guān)擊鼓罵曹擊鼓罵曹 The comparison between east and west about operaWest partOpera started in Italy at the end o f t h e 1 6 t h c e n t u r y a n d s o o n s p re a d throu