逆變器外文文獻及翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上(完整)逆變器外文文獻及翻譯 編輯整理：尊敬的讀者朋友們：這里是精品文檔編輯中心，本文檔內(nèi)容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發(fā)布的，發(fā)布之前我們對文中內(nèi)容進行仔細校對，但是難免會有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整)逆變器外文文獻及翻譯）的內(nèi)容能夠給您的工作和學習帶來便利。同時也真誠的希望收到您的建議和反饋，這將是我們進步的源泉，前進的動力。本文可編輯可修改，如果覺得對您有幫助請收藏以便隨時查閱，最后祝您生活愉快 業(yè)績進步，以下為(完整)逆變器外文文獻及翻譯的全部內(nèi)容。專心-專注-專業(yè)Inverter1 IntroductionAn inverter is an elec

2、trical device that converts （DC） to （AC）; the converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate ， switching， and control circuits.Solid-state inverters have no moving parts and are used in a wide range of applications, from small in computers, to large application

3、s that transport bulk power. Inverters are commonly used to supply AC power from DC sources such as or .There are two main types of inverter。 The output of a modified sine wave inverter is similar to a output except that the output goes to zero volts for a time before switching positive or negative。

4、 It is simple and low cost and is compatible with most electronic devices， except for sensitive or specialized equipment， for example certain . A pure sine wave inverter produces a nearly perfect sine wave output （3 ) that is essentially the same as utilitysupplied grid power. Thus it is compatible

5、with all AC electronic devices。 This is the type used in grid-tie inverters。 Its design is more complex, and costs 5 or 10 times more per unit power The electrical inverter is a highpower . It is so named because early were made to work in reverse， and thus were ”inverted， to convert DC to AC.The in

6、verter performs the opposite function of a 。2 Applications2。1 DC power source utilizationAn inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as ， , or to AC electricity。 The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or r

7、ectified to produce DC at any desired voltage can feed energy back into the distribution network because they produce alternating current with the same wave shape and frequency as supplied by the distribution system. They can also switch off automatically in the event of a . convert direct current f

8、rom individual solar panels into alternating current for the electric grid. They are grid tie designs by default. 2.2 Uninterruptible power suppliesAn (UPS） uses batteries and an inverter to supply AC power when main power is not available。 When main power is restored, a supplies DC power to recharg

9、e the batteries.2。3 Induction heatingInverters convert low frequency main AC power to a higher frequency for use in . To do this， AC power is first to provide DC power. The inverter then changes the DC power to high frequency AC power。 2.4 HVDC power transmissionWith power transmission， AC power is

10、rectified and high voltage DC power is transmitted to another location。 At the receiving location， an inverter in a converts the power back to AC.2。5 Variable-frequency drivesA controls the operating speed of an AC motor by controlling the frequency and voltage of the power supplied to the motor。 An

11、 inverter provides the controlled power. In most cases， the variablefrequency drive includes a so that DC power for the inverter can be provided from main AC power. Since an inverter is the key component， variablefrequency drives are sometimes called inverter drives or just inverters。2。6 Electric ve

12、hicle drivesAdjustable speed motor control inverters are currently used to power the in some and rail vehicles as well as some and highway vehicles such as the and . Various improvements in inverter technology are being developed specifically for electric vehicle applications。 In vehicles with , the

13、 inverter also takes power from the motor （now acting as a generator） and stores it in the batteries。 2。7 The general caseA allows AC power to be converted to any desired voltage, but at the same frequency。 Inverters, plus rectifiers for DC, can be designed to convert from any voltage， AC or DC， to

14、any other voltage, also AC or DC, at any desired frequency。 The output power can never exceed the input power, but efficiencies can be high, with a small proportion of the power dissipated as waste heat。 3 Circuit description 3.1 Basic designs In one simple inverter circuit， DC power is connected to

15、 a through the centre tap of the primary winding。 A switch is rapidly switched back and forth to allow current to flow back to the DC source following two alternate paths through one end of the primary winding and then the other. The alternation of the direction of current in the primary winding of

16、the transformer produces （AC） in the secondary circuit。 The electromechanical version of the switching device includes two stationary contacts and a spring supported moving contact. The spring holds the movable contact against one of the stationary contacts and an electromagnet pulls the movable con

17、tact to the opposite stationary contact. The current in the electromagnet is interrupted by the action of the switch so that the switch continually switches rapidly back and forth。 This type of electromechanical inverter switch， called a or buzzer， was once used in automobile radios。 A similar mecha

18、nism has been used in door bells, buzzers and .As they became available with adequate power ratings， and various other types of switches have been incorporated into inverter circuit designs3。2 Output waveformsThe switch in the simple inverter described above， when not coupled to an output transforme

19、r, produces a square voltage due to its simple off and on nature as opposed to the waveform that is the usual waveform of an AC power supply. Using , waveforms are represented as the sum of an infinite series of sine waves. The sine wave that has the same as the original waveform is called the funda

20、mental component。 The other sine waves， called harmonics， that are included in the series have frequencies that are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency。The quality of output waveform that is needed from an inverter depends on the characteristics of the connected load。 Some loads need a n

21、early perfect sine wave voltage supply in order to work properly。 Other loads may work quite well with a square wave voltage。 3.3 Three phase inverters inverters are used for applications and for high power applications such as power transmission。 A basic threephase inverter consists of three single

22、-phase inverter switches each connected to one of the three load terminals. For the most basic control scheme, the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one switch operates at each 60 degree point of the fundamental output waveform. This creates a lineto-line output waveform that ha

23、s six steps。 The sixstep waveform has a zero-voltage step between the positive and negative sections of the square-wave such that the harmonics that are multiples of three are eliminated as described above. When carrierbased PWM techniques are applied to sixstep waveforms， the basic overall shape， o

24、r envelope， of the waveform is retained so that the 3rd harmonic and its multiples are cancelled4 History4。1 Early invertersFrom the late nineteenth century through the middle of the twentieth century, DCto-AC was accomplished using or sets （M-G sets）。 In the early twentieth century, and began to be

25、 used as switches in inverter circuits。 The most widely used type of tube was the 。The origins of electromechanical inverters explain the source of the term inverter. Early ACtoDC converters used an induction or synchronous AC motor directconnected to a generator （dynamo） so that the generators comm

26、utator reversed its connections at exactly the right moments to produce DC. A later development is the synchronous converter， in which the motor and generator windings are combined into one armature, with slip rings at one end and a commutator at the other and only one field frame。 The result with e

27、ither is ACin， DCout. With an MG set, the DC can be considered to be separately generated from the AC； with a synchronous converter， in a certain sense it can be considered to be ”mechanically rectified AC”。 Given the right auxiliary and control equipment, an MG set or rotary converter can be run ba

28、ckwards”, converting DC to AC. Hence an inverter is an inverted converter. 4.2 Controlled rectifier invertersSince early transistors were not available with sufficient voltage and current ratings for most inverter applications, it was the 1957 introduction of the or (SCR) that initiated the transiti

29、on to inverter circuits.The commutation requirements of SCRs are a key consideration in SCR circuit designs。 SCRs do not turn off or commutate automatically when the gate control signal is shut off。 They only turn off when the forward current is reduced to below the minimum holding current， which va

30、ries with each kind of SCR, through some external process. For SCRs connected to an AC power source， commutation occurs naturally every time the polarity of the source voltage reverses. SCRs connected to a DC power source usually require a means of forced commutation that forces the current to zero

31、when commutation is required. The least complicated SCR circuits employ natural commutation rather than forced commutation. With the addition of forced commutation circuits, SCRs have been used in the types of inverter circuits described above。In applications where inverters transfer power from a DC

32、 power source to an AC power source， it is possible to use AC-toDC controlled rectifier circuits operating in the inversion mode. In the inversion mode, a controlled rectifier circuit operates as a line commutated inverter. This type of operation can be used in HVDC power transmission systems and in

33、 operation of motor control systems。Another type of SCR inverter circuit is the current source input （CSI） inverter. A CSI inverter is the of a six-step voltage source inverter. With a current source inverter, the DC power supply is configured as a rather than a . The inverter SCRs are switched in a

34、 six-step sequence to direct the current to a three-phase AC load as a stepped current waveform. CSI inverter commutation methods include load commutation and parallel capacitor commutation. With both methods， the input current regulation assists the commutation。 With load commutation， the load is a

35、 synchronous motor operated at a leading power factor. As they have become available in higher voltage and current ratings, semiconductors such as transistors or that can be turned off by means of control signals have become the preferred switching components for use in inverter circuits。 4。3 Rectif

36、ier and inverter pulse numbersRectifier circuits are often classified by the number of current pulses that flow to the DC side of the rectifier per cycle of AC input voltage。 A is a one-pulse circuit and a is a two-pulse circuit. A three-phase halfwave rectifier is a three-pulse circuit and a three-

37、phase full-wave rectifier is a sixpulse circuit。With three-phase rectifiers， two or more rectifiers are sometimes connected in series or parallel to obtain higher voltage or current ratings。 The rectifier inputs are supplied from special transformers that provide phase shifted outputs。 This has the

38、effect of phase multiplication。 Six phases are obtained from two transformers, twelve phases from three transformers and so on. The associated rectifier circuits are 12-pulse rectifiers, 18pulse rectifiers and so on。 When controlled rectifier circuits are operated in the inversion mode, they would b

39、e classified by pulse number also。 Rectifier circuits that have a higher pulse number have reduced harmonic content in the AC input current and reduced ripple in the DC output voltage。 In the inversion mode， circuits that have a higher pulse number have lower harmonic content in the AC output voltag

40、e waveform.逆變器1 簡介逆變器是一種能將直流電轉(zhuǎn)化為可變的交流電的電子裝置，使用適當?shù)淖儔浩?、開關(guān)以及控制電路可以將轉(zhuǎn)化的交流電調(diào)整到任何需要的電壓以及頻率值。固定的逆變器沒有移動部件，其應用范圍極其廣泛，從小型計算機開關(guān)電源，到大型電力公司高壓直流電源應用，運輸散貨。逆變器通常用于提供從諸如太陽能電池板或電池直流電源轉(zhuǎn)換的交流電源.。逆變器有兩種主要類型。對修改后正弦波逆變器輸出是一個類似方波輸出，輸出去除了一時間為零伏特，然后才轉(zhuǎn)到正或負。它的電路簡單而且成本一般較低,并與大多數(shù)電子設備兼容，除了敏感或?qū)Ｓ迷O備，例如某些激光打印機。純正弦波逆變器產(chǎn)生一個近乎完美的正弦波輸出“（

41、3%的總諧波失真），它本質(zhì)上與公用事業(yè)電網(wǎng)提供的相同。因此它與所有的交流電子設備兼容。這是網(wǎng)逆變器配合使用的類型。它的設計更為復雜，成本5人以上每單位功率。1電逆變器是一種高功率電子振蕩器的10倍。它是如此命名是因為早期機械AC到DC轉(zhuǎn)換器的工作作了相反，因此是“倒“，轉(zhuǎn)換成直流到交流。變頻器的整流執(zhí)行相反的功能2 應用2。1 直流電源利用率逆變器將直流電，如電池，太陽能電池板，燃料電池等轉(zhuǎn)換為交流電直流電。轉(zhuǎn)換的交流電可以是任意需要大小的交流電，特別是它可以操作交流設備用于電源操作，或者濾波產(chǎn)生任何需要的直流電壓。配電網(wǎng)絡逆變器可以將能量反饋到分配網(wǎng)絡，因為他們產(chǎn)生的交流電和分配網(wǎng)絡提供的交

42、流電的波形和頻率可以是一樣的。而且他們也可以自動關(guān)斷輸出當遇到停電事故時。微型逆變器將由個人太陽能電池板產(chǎn)生的直流電轉(zhuǎn)化為交流電并入電網(wǎng)。接從個人的太陽能電池板的電流.它們使用默認的輸電網(wǎng)設計.2.2 不間斷電源不間斷電源（UPS）當主電源無法使用時使用電池和逆變器提供交流電源.當主電源恢復時，一個整流器供應直流電源對電池進行充電.2。3 感應加熱逆變器將低頻交流電源轉(zhuǎn)化為更高的頻率以用于感應加熱使用。要做到這一點,首先交流電源經(jīng)過濾波提供直流電源.該逆變器，然后更改為高頻率的交流電源直流電源。2.4 高壓直流輸電隨著高壓直流輸電,交流電源進行整流和高壓直流電源被傳輸?shù)搅硪粋€位置。在接收的位置

43、，在一個靜止變流器廠將直流電源轉(zhuǎn)換回交流電2。5 變頻驅(qū)動器一個變頻驅(qū)動控制器通過控制供應給電機的電源電壓和頻率來控制交流電機的運行速度.逆變器提供控制信號。在大多數(shù)情況下，變頻驅(qū)動器包括一個整流器，因而提供給逆變器的直流電源可以由交流主電源提供。由于逆變器是關(guān)鍵部件，變頻驅(qū)動器有時也被稱為逆變器驅(qū)動器或只是逆變器2。6 電動汽車驅(qū)動調(diào)速電動機控制逆變器是目前用于電力牽引在一些電動和柴油電動軌道車輛以及一些電池電動汽車上的電機,如豐田Prius和菲斯克噶瑪混合動力電動汽車高速公路交通工具。在變頻技術(shù)的各項改善措施正在制定專門針對電動車輛的應用。與更新制動車輛,還需要從變頻器的電機（現(xiàn)在作為發(fā)電

44、機）和它儲存在電池里的電源。2.7 一般情況下一個變壓器允許交流電源被轉(zhuǎn)換為任何所需的電壓，但是卻在相同的頻率。逆變器,直流加整流器，可以設計成任何轉(zhuǎn)換電壓，交流或直流,在任何需要的頻率，以任何其他電壓,也可以是交流或直流。輸出功率不能超過輸入功率，但效率可以很高，可以允許作為一部分余熱消耗掉功率很小的一部分.3 電路描述3.1 基本設計在一個簡單的逆變電路中，直流電源通過初級繞組的中心抽頭連接到變壓器。開關(guān)以極高的頻率來回切換，使電流回流在變壓器的初級繞組里流過一個方向后再向另一個方向流動。初級繞組里電流方向的變化通過變壓器在次級繞組里產(chǎn)生交變電流. 在開關(guān)設備機電版本包括兩個固定觸點和彈簧

45、支撐移動接觸點。彈簧持有一個可移動的觸體來和固定觸點接觸,電磁鐵拉動可移動的觸體到對面的固定的觸體。在電磁鐵的電流中斷的交換機中，使交換開關(guān)不斷來回迅速切換迅速。這種機動逆變器式開關(guān)，稱為一個振動器或蜂鳴器，曾經(jīng)在真空電子管汽車收音機中使用。一個類似的電子裝置已用于門鈴，蜂鳴器和紋身槍。當開關(guān)管有有足夠的額定功率，晶體管和半導體開關(guān)各種其他類型的的電子開關(guān)器件可用已納入逆變器電路設計.3。2 輸出波形上述簡單的逆變器中的開關(guān)，當不耦合到輸出變壓器時，輸出電壓波形由于開關(guān)管簡單的導通或關(guān)斷產(chǎn)生一個方波電壓輸出，而不是交流電最常見的正弦波形,它是一個AC電源波形通常由于其簡單。利用傅里葉分析,周期性波形表示為一個無窮級數(shù)的正弦波的總和。正弦波中和原始波形具有相同的頻率的波稱為基波。其他頻率的正弦波,稱為諧波，這是該系列中包括有頻率是基波頻率的整數(shù)倍.輸出波形是從一個逆變器所需的質(zhì)量取決于逆變器所連接的負載特性。一些載入需要一個近乎完美的正弦波電壓供應才能正常工作。其他的負載可能使用方波電壓也能工作的很好.3。3 三相逆變器三相逆變器是用于變頻驅(qū)動應用以及諸如高壓直流輸電高功率傳輸。一個基本的三相逆變器由三個